Dynamics of magnetic skyrmions

We review the recent progress on the magnetic skyrmions in chiral magnetic materials.The magnetic skyrmion is a topological spin configuration with localized spatial extent,which could be thought of as an emergent rigid particle,owing to its particular topological and chiral properties.Static skyrmionic configurations have been found in various materials with different transport and thermodynamic properties.The magnetic skyrmions respond to externally applied fields in a very unique way,and their coupling to other quasiparticles in solid-state systems gives rise to the emergent electrodynamics.Being not only theoretically important,the magnetic skyrmion is also very promising to be the information carrier in next generation spintronic devices.     

磁性斯格明子的应用前景

近年来,磁性斯格明子在自旋电子学这门新兴学科中成为了一个重要的研究热点,备受人们关注。它是一种受拓扑保护的稳定自旋结构,具有尺寸小、退钉扎电流密度低和易操控等特点。与传统的磁畴壁、磁泡或者磁涡旋相比,磁斯格明子更有望作为数据信息的载体应用于未来的自旋电子学设备中,不仅可以大幅度地缩减器件的尺寸、降低能耗,同时也能确保信息的非易失性。文章重点介绍了磁性斯格明子在信息技术领域中的主要应用前景,比如信息存储、逻辑运算和神经形态计算等。     

Dynamics of moving agents with memory

The problem of emergence of collective behavior in a system of two dimensional interacting moving agents is considered. The individual agent architecture is hybrid in the sense that the response is reactive but the agent is capable to choose between two different rules in a probabilistic way: one rule depends on the information from the environment and the other depends on the information imprinted in the agents memory. The dynamics of the system is studied through the characterization of the equilibrium state and the non-equilibrium properties of the system.     

Excitation of deformed skyrmions

The couplings of vibrational and deformed rotational excitations of the Skyrme soliton to the πN and γN system are investigated. Additionally features of the linear πNN vertex in the Skyrme model and constraints on the model parameters from soliton stability are discussed.     

薄膜异质结及二维材料中的磁斯格明子

磁斯格明子因具有拓扑稳定、移动速度快、尺寸小、驱动电流密度低等优异性质引起了人们的广泛关注。它被视作未来超高密度磁存储和逻辑功能器件的理想信息载体。基于磁斯格明子的自旋电子学器件具有非易失、高读写速度、高存储密度以及低功耗的优势,从而能满足人们对高性能器件的要求。此外,拓扑性与磁性的结合使得磁斯格明子成为研究拓扑磁性物理的良好平台。文章简要介绍了磁斯格明子的发展概况及其拓扑物理性质,并着重讨论薄膜异质结及二维材料中磁斯格明子的研究进展,为今后进一步探索磁斯格明子相关研究领域抛砖引玉。     

Baryons and nuclei as skyrmions

The topological soliton model, including its various extensions, is reviewed. The model is very compact and involves only small number of Lagrangian parameters which in principle are calculable from QCD. It provides a nice tool for describing the structure of baryons.Lectures held at the Indian-Summer School on Electromagnetic and Weak Interactions of Particles with Nuclei, Sázava, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 September 1992     

颗粒物质内自旋小球运动行为的数值模拟研究

针对大耳沙蜥在沙子中的运动行为,以球形物体为研究对象,利用3维离散元数值模拟程序LIGGGHTS模拟了旋转运动模式对颗粒物质中球形物体平动和上升/下降行为的影响,定量分析了旋转速度以及颗粒间摩擦系数等因素的具体影响.研究结果表明:球形物体与颗粒物质基底颗粒间的摩擦系数以及球形物体的自转角速度对球形物体的运动有明显影响,摩擦系数越大物体运动越明显,自转角速度越大物体运动越明显.该结果比较好地解释了沙漠生物外表具有鳞片的原因.     

磁性斯格明子的研究现状和展望

磁性斯格明子是具有拓扑保护性质的纳米尺度涡旋磁结构.斯格明子主要存在于非中心对称的手性磁性材料以及界面镜面对称性破缺的磁性薄膜材料中.因具有实空间的非平庸拓扑性,磁性斯格明子展现出丰富新奇的物理学特性,例如拓扑霍尔效应,新兴电磁动力学等,为研究拓扑自旋电子学提供了新的平台.另一方面,由于其具有尺寸小,高稳定性和易操控的特性,磁性斯格明子在未来高密度,低能耗,非易失性计算和存储器件中也具有潜在应用.现阶段的研究已经初步发现一系列磁斯格明子材料,并证明能够通过电流操控室温下稳定的磁性斯格明子,但是室温下单个斯格明子的精确产生、湮灭以及探测在实验上仍具有挑战性.本文阐述了磁性斯格明子的基础理论以及动力学研究现状,并对现有的斯格明子材料和斯格明子的产生,湮灭以及探测方法进行了总结,最后还对未来磁性斯格明子的物理理论研究以及应用发展中的挑战和机遇进行了讨论.     

Rational maps, monopoles and skyrmions

We discuss the similarities between BPS monopoles and skyrmions, and point to an underlying connection in terms of rational maps between Riemann spheres. This involves the introduction of a new ansatz for Skyrme fields. We use this to construct good approximations to several known skyrmions, including all the minimal energy configurations up to baryon number nine, and some new solutions such as a baryon number seventeen Skyrme field with the truncated icosahedron structure of a buckyball.

The new approach is also used to understand the low-lying vibrational modes of skyrmions, which are required for quantization. Along the way we discover an interesting Morse function on the space of rational maps which may be of use in understanding the Sen forms on the monopole moduli spaces.     

Stabilization of skyrmions via ϱ-mesons

It is shown that a skyrion can be stabilized by introducing ?-mesons into the chiral SU(2)_L × SU(2)_R lagrangian without higher-derivative terms like the Skyrme term. The ?-mesons are considered as dynamical gauge bosons associated with a hidden local symmetry of the non-linear sigma model. The lagrangian reduces to the Skyrme model in a limit of parameters. The Skyrmion mass M is found to be M = 1058 MeV when the parameters are fixed so as to satisfy the KSRF relation. It is also shown that a solition solution in a model with Ω-meson coupled with the baryonic current is a saddle-point solution.     

Overlap integral for quantum skyrmions

Making use of the method of spin coherent states, we obtained an analytical form of the overlap integral for quantum skyrmions.     

磁性斯格明子的发现及研究现状

磁性斯格明子是一种具有拓扑保护的纳米尺度磁畴结构,其小尺寸、易被电流驱动、低能耗等优点使其成为磁信息存储和自旋电子学器件的核心候选材料,近年来备受人们关注。文章将着重介绍：(1)磁性斯格明子产生的机理;(2)探测磁性斯格明子的方法或者手段;(3)近期国际上研究的几种磁性斯格明子材料;(4)磁性斯格明子诱导产生新颖的霍尔效应——拓扑霍尔效应;(5)结论与展望。     

Supersymmetric skyrmions in four dimensions

Possible topological solitons (skyrmions) of four-dimensional supersymmetric nonlinear σ-models are investigated. The requirements of supersymmetry limit our study to the CP¹ model. A stable soliton seems possible, but in the absence of a demonstrated lower-bound for the mass, the stability of the soliton is unproved. The semi-classical spectrum of the CP¹ skyrmion, as well as its supersymmetric extension, is studied.     

The short-range interaction between skyrmions

We consider the interaction between skyrmions at small separations, and argue that for identical skyrmions it varies as 1/r, where r is the distance between them. There are significant many-body forces which have the effect of making interaction energies small except for skyrmions in direct contact with one another. Our results differ considerably from those found using the product ansatz, in which the unitary matrix describing the pion field is taken to be a product of the matrices for free skyrmions, and we show how these differences may be resolved. We also show how the n^4/3 behaviour of the energy density of dense matter at high baryon densities n may be understood in terms of the skyrmion-skyrmion interaction.     

Curvature-stabilized skyrmions with angular momentum

Letters in Mathematical Physics - We examine skyrmionic field configurations on a spherical ferromagnet with large normal anisotropy. Exploiting variational concepts of angular momentum, we find a...     

在尺寸受限体系中的磁斯格明子

磁性斯格明子是具有拓扑保护性质的纳米尺度磁涡旋结构。由于其具有尺寸小、稳定性高和可操控等粒子特性,在未来构建高密度、高速度、低能耗、非易失性磁存储器件方面具有潜在的应用价值,引起了人们的广泛关注。文章就斯格明子产生的基本原理、性质,尤其是在尺寸受限条件下的稳定性机制、实空间观察、器件应用及面临的挑战等进行简单阐述。     

磁性斯格明子的多场调控研究

斯格明子(skyrmion)的概念最早是由英国的粒子物理学家Tony Skyrme提出,它被用来描述粒子的一个状态,是一种拓扑孤立子.磁性斯格明子是一种具有拓扑行为的新型磁结构,其空间尺寸为纳米量级,空间距离从纳米到微米量级可调;其存在温度涵盖从低温、室温到高温的宽温区;其材料体系不仅包括早期发现的低温区B20型中心对称破缺的铁磁体和螺旋磁有序的弱铁磁材料,也包括近期发现的室温及以上的中心对称六角结构磁性MnNiGa金属合金和磁性薄膜/多层膜体系.利用磁性斯格明子的拓扑磁结构可以实现类似于自旋阀或者磁性隧道结中的自旋转移矩效应,即外加电流可以驱动斯格明子,其临界电流密度比传统翻转磁性多层膜体系中磁矩的电流密度(一般为10~7A/cm~2)要低5个数量级,约为10~2A/cm~2,该临界值远低于硅基半导体技术中沟道电流密度的上限,在未来的磁信息技术中具有广泛的应用前景.本综述简单介绍了磁性斯格明子的发展历程,归纳总结了磁性斯格明子的材料体系,介绍了观察磁性斯格明子的实验手段,重点介绍了多场(磁场、电流、温度场)调控作用下中心对称MnNiGa合金和Pt/Co/Ta磁性多层膜体系中磁性斯格明子的产生、消失以及外场调控演变等动态行为.     

磁斯格明子的微磁学研究进展和应用

磁斯格明子作为一种具有拓扑保护性质的准粒子受到了磁学与磁性材料领域科学家的广泛关注.本文对磁斯格明子的拓扑性质进行了概述,回顾了磁斯格明子的存在条件以及运输特性,综述了近年来利用微磁学模拟研究的磁斯格明子激发、操控、微波磁场响应以及基于磁斯格明子的器件设计,主要包括赛道存储器、自旋纳米振荡器、晶体管和逻辑门.通过本文的综述,希望为磁斯格明子在未来信息领域的应用提供参考.     

Shape and phase transitions in quantum-Hall skyrmions

The shape deformability of quantum-Hall skyrmions leads to a rich phase diagram in the –g space. We study the long-wavelength physics of a collection of interacting skyrmions using a nonlinear sigma model. At zero temperature the ground state is crystalline with generalized Nèel order. As a function of the filling factor , the skyrmion crystal undergoes a sequence of structural transitions driven by a change of shape of the individual skyrmions. Quantum effects lead to melting and orientational disordering transitions at high and low skyrmion densities, respectively. We show that moment of inertia of skyrmions also arises from the shape deformability of the skyrmions.