集输-S型立管内气液两相流流型的PSD特征

在集输-S型柔性立管系统中实验研究了空气-水两相流的流型,研究了不同流型下立管段压差波动信号的频域特征,分析了压差波动信号的功率谱特性(PSD)。结果表明,随着流型由严重段塞流向稳定流动的转变,立管压差波动信号的能量值逐渐降低,能量值的频率范围逐渐升高。不同流型的功率谱能量值及主峰所在频率存在很大差别,压差信号的功率谱密度函数可作为识别S型柔性立管系统中流型的有效手段。     

微重力条件下90°弯管气液两相流型研究

本文报道了微重力条件下90°弯管内气液两相流型实验结果。弯管内径12.7 mm,弯曲半径76.5mm,气、 液两相表观流速分别为1.0—23.6 m/s和0.09—0.5 m/s。本文分析了观测到的弹状流、弹-环过渡流和环状流的典型特 征,比较了与微重力直管内相应流型间及常重力弯管两相流型间的异同。     

表面活性剂对倾斜上升气液两相流流型的影响

应用电导断层测量技术研究表面活性剂添加对倾斜上升气液两相流流型的影响,实验工质为空气/水、空气/100 mg/kg十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液。结果表明,当倾角较小时(2.5°和5°),添加少量纯度为95％的SDS到空气/水两相流系统,可以推迟了分层流型向环状流型的转换,使其发生在较高的气体流速条件下;与水平流动的实验结果类似,在本文的实验条件下没有观测到表面活性剂对塞状流型、弹状流型转换特性的影响。随着倾角的增大(10°),表面活性剂添加对气液两相流流型的影响更为显著,在空气/水气液两相流系统中没有观测到分层流动,而加入表面活性剂后在一定范围内存在分层流动。     

球床内气液两相流流型及压降实验研究

在本实验参数范围内可将孔隙流道内空气/水两相流动划分为泡状流、泡状-弹状混合流、弹状流、弹状-环状混合流和环状流五种流型。本文修正后的Tung/Dhir流型转变模型与实验符合较好。依据单相流动压降数据,对Ergun公式参数进行了拟合,提出了适用于本实验特点的单相压降公式。并在此基础上利用渗透率系数提出了两相流动压降计算经验公式,与前人的公式相比,适用范围更广,计算误差也较小。     

垂直上升管内气液两相流流型鉴别研究

本文以低压空气一水作介质,进行了垂直上升管内气液两相流流型鉴别的实验研究;采用沿垂直管局部轴向压差信号及压差信号的统计分析并借助高速闪光观测仪进行可视化观察鉴别流型。实验结果发现,利用压差的时域信号和信号的功率谱密度函数（ＰＳＤ）,可以客观地判别垂直上升管内泡状、弹状和环状三种主要流型。     

卧式螺旋管内油－气两相流流型的研究

本文在两种不同尺寸的卧式螺旋管内进行了油－气两相流流型的实验研究，得到了流型图，并对各种流型之间的转变机理进行了讨论和分析，同时给出了各流型之间转变的准则关系式。     

螺杆槽道内气液两相流流型及压降特性研究

本文应用高速摄像技术对螺杆槽道内气液两相流的结构特征进行可视化研究。分析了螺杆槽道内三个视角下的气液两相流型图的变化趋势,并将螺杆槽道的气液两相流型图与Taitel流型图的流型转换边界进行对比分析。在均相流一维的压降计算模型的基础上,本文通过实验数据拟合得到螺杆槽道全液相摩阻倍增系数,分析质量含气率及液体流速对螺杆槽道压降的影响。     

EMD与神经网络在气液两相流流型识别中的应用

本文提出了EMD与Elman神经网络相结合的气液两相流流型识别的新方法.将压差波动信号经验模态分解(EMD)后的固有模态函数(IMF)进行分析、提取IMF能量作为Elman神经网络的输入特征向量,对水平管内的气液两相流流型进行识别.实验结果表明:该方法优于BP网络且稳定、识别率高,具有可行性.     

低温气液两相流流型识别及相关测量技术

介绍了目前高沸点液体气液两相流流型识别常用的理论和方法 ,并分析了它们在低温气液两相流型识别中的适用性 ;同时介绍了可用于低温气液两相流流型识别的相关测量仪器。最后指出 ,低温下气液两相流流型的研究及测试技术远没有完善 ,应积极开发基于物理机制的研究方法。     

微通道内超临界二氧化碳的压降与传热特性

进行了微通道内超临界CO2的局部和平均传热与压降特性实验研究。结果表明,临界点附近物性参数的剧烈变 化使压降增大,但传热被大大强化。同时也发现,系统压力、质量流速及CO2温度对流动与传热特性有重要影响。在大 量实验数据的基础上,得出了冷却条件下水平微通道内超临界CO2强制对流换热关联式。     

R410A在管内冷凝换热及压降的实验研究

近年来,制冷行业开始改用新型环保制冷剂,要求新型强化传热管有更良好的性能并适应环保制冷剂的工况.通过自行设计的一台集管内蒸发和冷凝为一体的实验台,以R410A作为制冷剂,分别对5mm、7mm以及9.52mm三种内螺纹管进行实验研究.发现:(1)螺纹齿径和齿顶角对冷凝换热系数有重大影响;(2)齿径比以及齿高对内螺纹管的压...     

微细通道纳米与非纳米流体传热和压降对比研究

分别以0.2%、0.5%、1%质量分数的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体和去离子水为实验工质,在高2mm,宽1mm的矩形微细通道内进行纳米流体与非纳米流体两相沸腾传热和压降对比研究。实验结果表明:增加质量通量对两种工质换热系数影响都较小,但增加热流密度可提高换热系数;在相同工况下,与水基液相比,采用Al2O3-H2O纳米流体换热系数明显增大,且随着纳米流体质量分数的增加而增加,对于该实验换热系数可提高8%～17%;随着纳米颗粒质量分数和质量通量的增加,两相摩擦压降显著增大。     

竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾流动压降的分析

文中对竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾压降进行实验研究,分析热流密度、质量流量对液氮两相流动摩擦压降的影响以及热流密度对测试段总压降的影响。在本实验工况范围内,两相流摩擦压降随着热流密度和质量流速的增加而变大,且测试段总压降随着热流密度的增加而降低。分别利用均相模型、L-M模型和Chisholm B系数模型对实验结果进行预测,并比较了预测值与实验值,结果表明本实验工况下均相模型预测效果最好。     

Experimental analysis of conical baffles with rifts on heat transfer and pressure drop

In the present study, convective heat transfer to the air from a heating tube attached to conical baffles with rift was experimentally examined. The air entering the test section first contacts the large surface of the conical baffle. Therefore, the conical baffle both directs the air toward the heating surface and increases the heat transfer surface area. In the experiments, baffles with inclination angles of 45°, 60°, and 80° were used. The baffles were placed on the heating tube at the pitch of 15 mm. The temperature of the heating fluid (water) was kept fixed at 65°C. In addition to the riftless baffles, the experiments were carried out by using baffles with a rift spacing of 1.5 and 3.5 mm so that the boundary layer separation mechanism could be accelerated. Experimental results for eight different velocities of airflow (2–20 m/s) were presented. For the inclination angle of 60°, the increase in the heat transfer of the baffle with rift was 13% at a rift spacing of 1.5 mm and 4% at a rift spacing of 3.5 mm according to the riftless baffle. In addition, for the inclination angle of 60°, the pressure drop values of the riftless and the rift spacing of 1.5 and 3.5 mm were almost the same.     

Similarity solutions for boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a FENE-P fluid with thermal radiation

This Letter presents a numerical study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible FENE-P fluid over a non-isothermal surface. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. The effects of the thermal radiation are considered in the energy equation, and the variations of dimensionless surface temperature and dimensionless surface temperature gradient, as well as the heat transfer characteristics with various physical parameters are graphed and tabulated. Two cases are studied, namely, (i) the sheet with prescribed surface temperature (PST case) and (ii) the sheet with prescribed heat flux (PHF case). Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of the corresponding flow are also presented.     

Numerical investigation of EHD effects on heat transfer enhancement and flow pattern of R-134a two phase flow

In this paper the effects of electrohydrodynamics (EHD) on heat transfer enhancement and flow pattern of R134a two-phase mixture, flowing in a horizontal tube, were numerically investigated. A uniform DC electric field was applied through a circular stainless steel rod along the centerline of tube, while the tube was considered as a grounded electrode. The simulations, in order to investigate the EHD mechanism, were performed for a constant heat flux 2000 W/m², voltages between 0 and 5 kV, inlet volume fractions 65% and 85%, mass fluxes from 30 kg/m²s to 50 kg/m²s and electrode diameters between 1.57 mm and 2.4 mm. These flow conditions correspond to stratified flow. The flow regime redistributions under the applied electric field was obtained. The results show that the steady state condition was occurred at the time about 900 ms. According to the results, enhancement ratio is directly proportional to voltage, and it is reversely proportional to electrode diameter, mass flux and inlet volume fraction.     

波纹板式空冷器阻力与传热特性实验研究

在可改变风量和热水流量的实验条件下,对波纹板式空冷器的阻力与传热特性进行实验研究。得到了空气侧的阻力降关联式以及两侧的对流换热系数关联式,其适用于热水雷诺数在2000-8000之间、空气雷诺数在2000-10000之间。在相同工况下,比较了波纹板式、光管式和翅片管式空冷器的性能指标,结果表明:迎面风速在2.45-4.1 m/s之间,波纹板式空冷器传热系数达到100-160 W/m2/℃;约比光管式提高70%,但只有以管束外表面为基准的翅片管式传热系数的六分之一;板式空冷器单位体积换热量约是翅片管式空冷器的1.5倍,是光管式的15倍;板式空冷器单位功耗换热量约是光管式空冷器的5.5倍,而翅片管式空冷器与光管式空冷器则相差不大。     

Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R-134a inside the flattened tubes at high mass flux and different saturation temperature

In this study, heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of R-134a inside round and flat tubes are investigated experimentally with mass flux of 450, 550, and 650 kg m^?2 s^?1 at saturation temperatures of 35°, 40°, and 45°C. The effects of mass flux and saturation temperature on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are examined. The maximum enhancement factor and pressure drop penalty are obtained by flat tube (FT-2) up to 2.101 at 450 kg m^?2 s^?1 and 3.01 at 650 kg m^?2 s^?1, respectively. The correlation for flat tubes is proposed to predict the heat transfer coefficient within ±20% error.     

双液滴撞击平面液膜的流动与传热特性

采用耦合的水平集-体积分数法(CLSVOF)对双液滴连续撞击恒定壁温壁面上的热液膜的流动和换热特性进行了数值模拟及分析,得到了双液滴撞击热液膜后形态演变的过程.分析了液滴垂直间距、撞击速度、液膜厚度以及液滴直径对双液滴撞击液膜后的流动与传热特性的影响,结果显示,壁面平均热流密度随液滴撞击速度的增大而增大,液滴垂直间距、液膜厚度和液滴直径对平均热流密度的影响较小,但会对热流密度在撞击区域和交界区的分布产生重要影响.