比较与思考:关于深入开展数学教育理论研究的几点想法

1　从“数学教育学”的创建谈起作为数学教育理论研究深入发展的一个重要标志 ,我国学者自八十年代起积极从事了“数学教育学”的理论建设 ,并已出版了多部专著 ([1 ]-[6 ]) .这表明我们的研究水平已有很大提高 ,对数学教学产生了积极影响 .数学教育学系统理论的建立可被看成数学教育已成为一门相对独立的专门学科 ,而数学教育的“专业化”(ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ)是数学教育现代发展的一个重要特点 .例如 ,在美国数学教师全国委员会 (ＮＣＴＡ)于 1 992年出版的一部指导性论著《数学教与学研究手册》(Ｈａｎｄｂｏｏｋｏ…     

《数学实验室》——新一代智能教育软件

《数学实验室》——新一代智能教育软件储瑞年（北京师大实验中学１０００３２）由中国科学院院士张景中教授亲自主持开发的新一代智能教育系列软件《数学实验室》已获成功，即将问世．这一软件把国家攀登项目和八六三项目中已获得国际领先水平的成果，结合中学数学教学的...     

圆锥曲线统一定义课件的制作

《数学通讯》2 0 0 1年第 2 3期、2 0 0 2年第7期先后刊登了张爱明老师和杨德兵、余咏梅老师用《几何画板》辅助圆锥曲线统一定义教学的文章 .《几何画板》和《平面解析几何教师版》都是人民教育电子音像出版社推出的制作数学课件的软件 .而在制作平面解析几何的课件时 ,《平面解析几何教师版》具有更强大的功能和优势 .本人在此介绍自己用此软件制作圆锥曲线统一定义课件的方法 ,与同行共同探讨 .如图 1,设M (x ,y)为圆锥曲线上任意一点 ,圆锥曲线统一定义用数学式子可表示为 :|MF|d =e ,0 1,曲…     

取人之长 补己之短 我们能从美国数学教育改革中学到哪些功课——评《美国现代数学教育改革》一书

《美国现代数学教育改革》[1]由聂必凯、郑庭曜、孙伟、蔡金法四位在美华人联合著作,他们既是积极参与美国数学教育改革的"局内人",也是美国数学教育的"局外人",因为他们的数学教育观念受其在国内教育经历的影响.这四位华人有着很重的"报国"情结,从组织翻译出版全美数学     

文化观下的数学教育的实践与认识

《数学通报》2 0 0 1年 1期、2期上刊登了《数学与文化》[1 ] ,引起了一些数学教育家与广大中学数学教师的关注[2 ] [3] .十年前研读北京大学邓东皋等教授组编的《数学与文化》[4] 时 ,对数学———作为文化的数学这一崭新观念所激起的惊叹和敬畏之情至今依然清晰 .十年来的教学实践使我深深地认识到从文化的角度去认识数学、理解数学 ,对数学教育有特别重要的意义 .因为“数学是人类最高超的智力成就 ,也是人类心灵最独特的创作 ,音乐能激发或抚慰情怀 ,绘画使人赏心悦目 ,诗歌能动人心弦 ,哲学使人获得智慧 ,科学可改善物质生活 ,但数学能…     

几何教育功能的哲学思考

《数学通报》2 0 0 0年 1 1期刊登了“中国数学会中小学数学教育改革研讨会记录”[1 ] ,读后令人鼓舞 .许多数学家、数学教育家在关心我国的中学数学课程改革 ,对《义务教育阶段国家数学课程标准 (征求意见稿 )》[2 ] 进行了广泛地讨论 ,对几何的教育功能等问题提出了许多观点 ,本文结合多年的教学实践与研究 ,对几何的教育功能提出一些思考 ,供大家参考 .1　几何教育功能的历史背景《欧氏几何》是一本名著 ,作者写这本书的目的是什么 ?加拿大多伦多大学考克斯特教授与美国路脱格大学格里查博士在 [3]上指出 :“从历史上讲 ,应该记住欧几里…     

对《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》实验过程中存在问题的思考

自2001年9月起，到目前为止全国已有500多个县(区)进行了《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》(实验稿)^[1](以下简称《标准》)的课程改革的实验．《标准》汲取了国内数学教育改革的优秀成果，注意到国外数学教育发展的趋势，提出了涉及数学课程观、数学课程价值观、数学的学习过程、     

对二十一世纪数学教育的一些思考——纪念陈建功院士《二十世纪的数学教育》一文发表50年

《二十世纪的数学教育》一文 ,发表于 1 95 2年2月的《中国数学杂志》(1 95 3年后该杂志改名为《数学通报》)第一卷第二期 .作者陈建功先生(1 893 ～ 1 971 )是著名的现代数学家 ,中国科学院院士 (原学部委员 ) .这篇文章“以中等学校的数学为核心” ,对二十世纪数学教育的原则 ,以及数学教学内容的改革等重要问题 ,提出极有见地的意见 .本文先对《二十世纪的数学教育》一文作简要回顾 ,再谈由这篇文章所引发的对二十一世纪数学教育的一些思考 .1　《二十世纪的数学教育》一文的主要内容《二十世纪的数学教育》一文 ,主要包括以下三部分内容…     

锐意进取重在开创解决问题追求效率——读王光明教授的新作《数学教学效率论》

改革开放以来，尤其是20世纪90年代以后，中国数学教育的理论与实践无论在研究论题的深化方面和研究范围的拓展方面都获得了可喜的成绩并呈现出许多新的特点．但是，一直以来困扰数学教学的低效率问题却仍没有得到很好的解决．近读天津师范大学王光明教授的新作《数学教学效率论》，深感这是一部研究数学教学效率的具有开创性的力作，其成果填补了国内外数学教育效率研究的多项空白．     

浅谈《数学课程标准》对当前教学的新导向

中学《数学课程标准》(以下简称《标准》)从 2 0 0 0年 6月开始启动研制工作 ,到目前初步框架已形成 ,在保持我国数学教育优良传统的同时 ,对中学数学课程进行了新的设计 ,做到了与时俱进 ,特别是其中的许多新理念对我们当前中学数学的教与学的改革指明了新的方向 .1　基本理念的变化1 .1　数学概念以往教学大纲 ,定义数学为“研究空间形式和数量关系的科学 ,也是研究模式与秩序的一门学科 .”《标准》中不提“科学” ,而说“数学是人们对客观世界定性把握和定量刻画 ,逐渐抽象概括 ,形成方法和理论 ,并进行广泛应用的过程 .”这一提法不仅…     

两类带有确定潜伏期的SEIS传染病模型的分析

通过研究两类带有确定潜伏期的SEIS传染病模型,发现对种群的常数输入和指数输入会使疾病的传播过程产生本质的差异．对于带有常数输入的情形,找到了地方病平衡点存在及局部渐近稳定的阈值,证明了地方病平衡点存在时一定局部渐近稳定,并且疾病一致持续存在．对于带有指数输入的情形,发现地方病平衡点当潜伏期充分小时是局部渐近稳定的,当潜伏期充分大时是不稳定的．     

Banach空间有界线性算子强连续双半群

本文在Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间上研究单参数有界线性算子族－强连续双半群。     

Backward bifurcation of an epidemic model with standard incidence rate and treatment rate

An epidemic model with standard incidence rate and treatment rate of infectious individuals is proposed to understand the effect of the capacity for treatment of infectives on the disease spread. It is assumed that treatment rate is proportional to the numbers of infectives below the capacity and is a constant when the number of infectives is greater than the capacity. It is proved that the existence and stability of equilibria for the model is not only related to the basic reproduction number but also the capacity for treatment of infectives. It is found that a backward bifurcation occurs if the capacity is small. It is also found that there exist bistable endemic equilibria if the capacity is low.     

Stability and bifurcation of an SIS epidemic model with treatment

An SIS epidemic model with a limited resource for treatment is introduced and analyzed. It is assumed that treatment rate is proportional to the number of infectives below the capacity and is a constant when the number of infectives is greater than the capacity. It is found that a backward bifurcation occurs if the capacity is small. It is also found that there exist bistable endemic equilibria if the capacity is low.     

Chaotic synchronization with filter based on wavelet transformation

A kind of chaotic synchronization method is presented in the paper. In the transmitter, part signals are transformed by wavelet and the detail information is removed. In the receiver, the component with low frequency is reconstructed and discrete feedback is used, we show that synchronization of two identical structure chaotic systems is attained. The effect of feedback on chaotic synchronization is discussed. Using the synchronous method, the transmitting signal is transported in compressible way, system resource is saved, the component with high frequency is filtered and the effect of disturbance on synchronization is reduced. The synchronization method is illustrated by numerical simulation experiment.     

Detection of multivariate outliers with location slippage or scale inflation in left orthogonally invariant or elliptically contoured distributions

This paper is concerned with two kinds of multiple outlier problems in multivariate regression. One is a multiple location-slippage problem and the other is a multiple scale-inflation problem. A multi-decision rule is proposed. Its optimality is shown for the first problem in a class of left orthogonally invariant distributions and is also shown for the second problem in a class of elliptically contoured distributions. Thus the decision rule is robust against departures from normality. Further the null robustness of the decision statistic which the rule is based on is pointed out in each problem.     

The Toroidal Embedding Arising From an Irrational Fan

A toroidal embedding is defined which does not assume the fan consists of rational cones. For a rational fan, the toroidal embedding is the usual toric variety. If the fan is not rational, the toroidal embedding is in general a quasi-compact noetherian locally ringed space which is not a scheme. A divisor theory exists and a class group is defined. A second construction is also carried out which mimics the gluing construction of the usual toric variety, but which makes no reference to a lattice. The resulting scheme is separated but infinite dimensional. The Picard group is described in terms of the group of real valued locally linear support functions on the fan and the Brauer group is shown to be trivial. Many examples are given throughout the paper; in particular, it is shown that there is associated to a real hyperplane arrangement of full rank a toroidal embedding.     

A transverse spinning double pendulum

A transverse spinning double pendulum is introduced. This pendulum is of interest as a simple mechanical system with two degrees of freedom with rotation which is autonomous. In addition to having physical origins, the pendulum is constructable for experimental observation. Our main interest in introducing and analyzing this system is that it is the simplest physical system with the codimension two singularity – in the linearization about the trivial solution – associated with coalescence of four zero eigenvalues. It is the dynamics of the nonlinear system in the neighbourhood of this singularity that is of interest. We study this problem using normal form theory. An algorithm for the Cushman–Sanders normal form is constructed and analyzed. A representative model for the truncated normal form is presented. This truncated normal form has seven parameters; it is not integrable in general and it is predicted that the dynamics associated with this model will be quite complex.     

Traveling waves in a nonlocal dispersal population model with age-structure

This paper is concerned with the traveling waves in a single species population model which is derived by considering the nonlocal dispersal and age-structure. If the birth function is monotone, then the existence of traveling wavefront is reduced to the existence of a pair of super and subsolutions without the requirement of smoothness. It is proved that the traveling wavefront is strictly increasing and unique up to a translation. The asymptotic behavior of traveling wavefronts is also obtained. If the birth function is not monotone, the existence of traveling wave solution is affirmed by introducing two auxiliary nonlocal dispersal equations with quasi-monotonicity.     

Invariance and asymptotic stability

The stability of the zero solution of an autonomous non-linear system is considered. The problem of finding the variables in relation to which the solution is asymptotically stable if the Lyapunov function with a sign-definite derivative is known, is formulated and solved. The maximality of the set in relation to which the solution is asymptotically stable is established. The investigation is based on the method of auxiliary functions and clarifies the relation between the properties of invariance and the asymptotic stability of dynamical systems. The constructiveness of the results obtained is demonstrated by an example.