Analytical Solution for the SU（2） Hedgehog Skyrmion and Static Properties of Nucleons

An analytical solution for symmetric Skyrmion is proposed for the SU（2） Skyrme model, which takes the form of the hybrid form of a kink-like solution, given by the instanton method. The static properties of nucleons is then computed within the framework of collective quantization of the Skyrme model, in a good agreement with that given by the exact numeric solution. The comparisons with the previous results as well as the experimental values are also presented.     

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOUND FIELD IN SHALLOW WATER

The field of a harmonic point source in a layered medium has a certain angular distribution.Although the angular distribution of the sound field can be calculated for a given receiving point bythe ray theory,the effect of the frequency on the angular distribution function and the sound field inshadow zones can not be calculated.In this paper,the angular distribution of the sound field in layeredmedia is discussed based on the normal-mode theory,and the general expression of the angular dis-tribution function and the attenuation of the sound field with distance for directional reception areobtained.The results given in the paper can be used for the calculation of the sound field in shadowzones and they represent the influence of the frequency on the sound field.When the underwater acous-tic channel and the performance of signal detection in it are investigated,the optimum receiving direc-tion can be chosen by utilizing the obtained results.For a given medium model the numerical cal-culations are conducted     

A Procedure for Modelling Shallow Dislocation Sources with Tensional Component

The source terms of a tensile dislocation are presented in terms of the wavenumber and circular frequency.Expressions for displacements on the surface of a half-space due to an arbitrary oriented dislocation are also obtained by using the generalized ray method.The result shows that the far-field waveforms contributed by tensile source are different from other sources.Considering that not all large earthquakes can be explained with the shear dislocation model,these expressions may be efficient in analysing some earthquakes.     

Stability of a delayed predator prey model in a random environment

The stability of the first-order and second-order solution moments for a Harrison-type predator–prey model with parametric Gaussian white noise is analyzed in this paper. The moment equations of the system solution are obtained under It interpretations. The delay-independent stable condition of the first-order moment is identical to that of the deterministic delayed system, and the delay-independent stable condition of the second-order moment depends on the noise intensities.The corresponding critical time delays are determined once the stabilities of moments lose. Further, when the time delays are greater than the critical time delays, the system solution becomes unstable with the increase of noise intensities. Finally,some numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical results.     

Sound field of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer

The characteristic of radiated sound field excitated within a non-ferromagnetic aluminum by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer consisting of circle-spiral coil and vertical bias magnetic field is studied.This article presents an improved force source model according to the principle of electromagnetic induction.Then the analytic displacement solution of sound field produced by that force source model is deduced.The tangential and normal directivities of shear and longitudinal sounds are calculated numerically and compared with experimental results.Experimental results conform well to the theoretical prediction,which not only shows that the electromagnetic acoustic transducer of this conformation has a good directivity of vertical shear-wave radiation,but also confirms the given force source model is effective to describe the actual physical behavior of the probe.Theoretical and experimental study lays a foundation for optimization design and engineering application of the electromagnetic acoustic probe.     

Laser Generation of Surface Waves on Cylinder with a Slow Coating

An analytical model of acoustic field excited by a pulsed-laser line source on a coated cylinder is presented. Surface wave dispersive behaviours for a cylinder with a slow coating are analysed and compared with that of a bare cylinder. Based on this analysis, the laser-generated transient response of the perturbed Rayleigh wave and the higher modes of steel cylinder with a zinc coating are calculated from the model using residue theory and FFT technique. The theoretical result from the superposed waveform of the perturbed Rayleigh wave and higher modes agree well with the waveform obtained in experiment. The results show that the model and numerical method provide a useful technique for quantitatively characterizing coating parameters of coated cylinder by the laser generated surface waves.     

Moment stability for a predator–prey model with parametric dichotomous noises

In this paper,we investigate the solution moment stability for a Harrison-type predator–prey model with parametric dichotomous noises.Using the Shapiro–Loginov formula,the equations for the first-order and second-order moments are obtained and the corresponding stable conditions are given.It is found that the solution moment stability depends on the noise intensity and correlation time of noise.The first-order and second-order moments become unstable with the decrease of correlation time.That is,the dichotomous noise can improve the solution moment stability with respect to Gaussian white noise.Finally,some numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical analyses.     

Highly Directional Emission from a Subwavelength Slit in Metal-Dielectric Layered Films

The directional light emission from a single subwavelength slit surrounded by periodic grooves in layered films consisting of Ag and transparent dielectric is analysed numerically by the finite difference time domain method. The results show that the transmission through this structure is strongly confined by the modulation of the dielectric film with grooves on the output side. The role of evanescent waves in this phenomenon is discussed. It is the re-diffraction of the evanescent waves （that are generated by the diffraction of the subwavelength slit） caused by the grooves on the dielectric film that leads to the directional transmission. Some suggestions are given to obtain beaming light with high transmittance.     

Reissner--Nordström-de--Sitter-type Solution by a Gauge Theory of Gravity

We use the theory based on a gravitational gauge group （Wu＇s model） to obtain a spherical symmetric solution of the field equations for the gravitational potential on a Minkowski spacetime. The gauge group, the gauge covariant derivative, the strength tensor of the gauge feld, the gauge invariant Lagrangean with the cosmological constant, the field equations of the gauge potentiaIs with a gravitational energy-momentum tensor as well as with a tensor of the field of a point like source are determined. Finally, a Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter-type metric on the gauge group space is obtained.     

Laser generation of surface waves on cylinder and coated cylinder

Analytical models of acoustic field excited by a pulsed-laser line source on a cylinder and a coated cylinder were presented.Surface wave dispersive behaviors for a cylinder with a slow coating were analyzed and compared with that of a bare cylinder.Based on this analysis, the laser-generated transient response of the cylindrical Rayleigh wave on cylinder and the perturbed cylindrical Rayleigh wave on coated cylinder and the higher modes were calculated from the models using residue theory and FFT technique.The theoretical results from the superposed waveform of the cylindrical Rayleigh wave and higher modes for both cylinder and coated cylinder agree well with the waveforms obtained from experiment.The transient response of perturbed Raleigh wave on coated cylinder is quite different with cylindrical Rayleigh wave on cylinder because of the guide of surface coating.The results show that the model and numerical method provide a useful technique for quantitatively characterizing coating parameters of coated cylinder by the laser generated surface waves.     

Criticality of Epidemic Spreading in Mobile Individuals Mediated by Environment

We investigate the critical behaviour of an epidemical model in a diffusive population mediated by a static vector environment on a 2D network. It is found that this model presents a dynamical phase transition from disease-free state to endemic state with a finite population density. Finite-size and short-time dynamic scaling relations are used to determine the critical population density and the critical exponents characterizing the behaviour near the critical point. The results are compatible with the universality class of directed percolation coupled to a conserved diffusive field with equal diffusion constants.     

Resolution and noise in ghost imaging with classical thermal light

The resolution and classical noise in ghost imaging with a classical thermal light are investigated theoretically. For ghost imaging with a Gaussian Schell model source, the dependences of the resolution and noise on the spatial coherence of the source and the aperture in the imaging system are discussed and demonstrated by using numerical simulations. The results show that an incoherent source and a large aperture will lead to a good image quality and small noise.     

Microwave Doppler spectra of sea return at small incidence angles: specular point scattering contribution

It is well known that the sea return echo contains contributions from at least two scattering mechanisms. In addition to the resonant Bragg scattering, the specular point scattering plays an important role as the incidence angle becomes smaller (≤20o). Here, in combination with the Kirchhoff integral equation of scattering field and the stationary phase approximation, analytical expressions for Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth of specular point scattering, which are insensitive to the polarization state, are derived theoretically. For comparison, the simulated results related to the two-scale method (TSM) and the method of moment (MOM) are also presented. It is found that the Doppler shift and the spectral bandwidth given by TSM are insufficient at small incidence angles. However, a comparison between the analytical results and the numerical simulations by MOM in the backscatter configuration shows that our proposed formulas are valid for the specular point scattering case. In this work, the dependences of the predicted results on incidence angle, radar frequency, and wind speed are also discussed. The obtained conclusions seem promising for a better understanding of the Doppler spectra of the specular point scattering fields from time-varying sea surfaces.     

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A finite element model of the toroida field (TF) coil and gravity support system is established at first by taking its cyclic symmetry condition into account. The first ten order natural frequencies and their corresponding modal vectors of the system are calculated then by using the ANSYS software. Based on these modal information and the spectrum analysis method, the displacement response distribution of the TF system is obtained finally by using the standard seismic spectrum given in ITER EDA report. Furthermore, the feasibility of the numerical model is validated by comparing its results with those of a simplified model of single degree of freedom.     

Vibration analysis of ultrasonic tubular resonators

The frequency equation of the axisymmetric coupled vibration of a ultrasonic tubular resonator with both ends free is derived by an exact solution method,based on classical Fl(u|¨)gge thin shell theory.The dependence of the dinieiisionless frequencyΩon the ratio of length to radius l/a.the ratio of radius to thickness a/h and Poisson’s ratio v is investigated, and the axisymmetric coupled vibration of the ultrasonic tubular resonator with both ends shear diaphragm is compared with that with both ends free.The accuracy of two-dimensional and three-dimensional apparent elasticity method is also assessed by the comparison with the exact solution method.Finally,the mode shapes of the ultrasonic tubular resonator are calculated by the exact solution method,and its transform efficient is analyzed.The results show that as for two boundary conditions of both ends free and both ends shear diaphragm,the difference of the effect of the boundary conditions on the dinieiisionless frequency of the axisymmetric coupled vibration of the ultrasonic tubular resonator becomes smaller as l/a increases,and the larger a/h.the smaller the difference.Moreover,for free-free boundary conditions,the change of a/h has nearly no effect on the dinieiisionless frequency of the thin tubular resonator usually considered to mean a/h > 10.Furthermore,the dinieiisionless frequency fi decreases as v increases for a given l/a.and the impact of v onΩis different for different l/a.and the maximum impact will appear when l/a =π.Finally,the study also shows the three-dimensional apparent elasticity method has very high accuracy.     

Low-frequency features of the ultrasound echo from an adhesively bonded layer-substrate structure

The low-frequency features of the ultrasound reflection spectra from the structure of a single layer on a substrate bonded by a thin adhesive layer are theoretically studied; the low-frequency here means the frequency of the interrogating ultrasonic wave is less than the quart-wavelength resonance frequency of the adhesive layer. The possibility of the inversion of the thickness and the evaluation of the cohesion strength of the adhesive layer from the resonance frequency shifts of the layered system is indicated. An analytic solution to the nonlinear equation satisfied by the resonance frequency is presented by Taylor expansion method showing satisfactory agreement with the numerical results by Newton iterative method. The results indicate larger range for application than the traditional spring model for the thin adhesive layer. In a much lower frequency range the thin adhesive layer may be regarded to be a spring.     

Asymptotic Analysis of Vertical Branch-Cut Integral of Shear Waves in a Fluid-Filled Borehole Utilizing the Steepest-Descent Method

We obtain an asymptotic solution to the vertical branch-cut integral of shear waves excited by an impulsive pressure point source in a fluid-filled borehole, by taking the effect of the infinite singularity of the Hankel functions related to shear waves in the integrand at the shear branch point into account and using the method of steepest-descent to expand the vertical branch-cut integral of shear waves. It is theoretically proven that the saddle point of the integrand is located at ks-i/z, where ks and z are the shear branch point and the offset. The continuous and smooth amplitude spectra and the resonant peaks of shear waves are numerically calculated from the asymptotic solution. These asymptotic results are generally in agreement with the numerical integral results. It is also found by the comparison and analysis of two results that the resonant factor and the effect of the normal and leaking mode poles around the shear branch point lead to the two-peak characteristics of the amplitude spectra of shear waves in the resonant peak zones from the numerical integral calculations.     

Pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent SchrSdinger equations

A pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equations （TDSE） is introduced. The spatial part of the wavefunction is discretized into sparse grid by pseudospectral method and the time evolution is given in symplectic scheme. This method allows us to obtain a highly accurate and stable solution of TDSE. The effectiveness and efficiency of this method is demonstrated by the high-order harmonic spectra of one-dimensional atom in strong laser field as compared with previously published work. The influence of the additional static electric field is also investigated.     

Some Magnetized Bulk Viscous String Cosmological Models in Cylindrically Symmetric Inhomogeneous Universe with Variable ∧-Term

Some cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous viscous fluid string cosmological models with magnetic field and cosmological term A varying with time are investigated. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion （θ） in the model is proportional to the eigen value σ^11 of the shear tensor σ^ij. The value of cosmological constant for the model is found to be small and positive, which is supported by the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The effect of bulk viscosity is to produce a change in perfect fluid and hence exhibits essential influence on the character of the solution. The physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.     

The acoustoelastic effect on Rayleigh waves in elastic--plastic deformed layered rocks

On the basis of the acoustoelastic theory for elastic--plastic materials, the influence of statically deformed states including both the elastic and plastic deformations induced by applied uniaxial stresses on the Rayleigh wave in layered rocks is investigated by using a transfer matrix method. The acoustoelastic effects of elastic--plastic strains in rocks caused by static deformations, are discussed in detail. The Rayleigh-type and Sezawa modes exhibit similar trends in acoustoelastic effect: the acoustoelastic effect increasing rapidly with the frequency-thickness product and the phase velocity change approaching a constant value for thick layer and high frequency limit. Elastic--plastic deformations in the Castlegate layered rock obviously modify the phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave and the cutoff points for the Sezawa modes. The investigation may be useful for seismic exploration, geotechnical engineering and ultrasonic detection.