Mechanics of a magnet and a Meissner superconducting ring at arbitrary position and orientation

The force and torque exerted by a magnetic dipole on a superconducting ring (or hollow cylinder) in the Meissner state at arbitrary position and orientation are calculated using a Maxwell-London model previously proposed by the authors. The center of the ring is an unstable equilibrium point for the magnet. At this point the ring tends to align the magnet but tends to expel it for any small axial deviation from the center. There is also a non-monotonic and oscillatory dependence of the forces and torques on the position caused by the finiteness of the ring and a torque arises when the magnet is displaced both radially and axially from the center of the cylinder which corresponds to the experimental data. Therefore, the use of a magnet in a Meissner superconducting ring as a self aligning bearing requires a centered position and that the axial unstability to be compensated by additional mechanical means.     

SSRF储存环注入薄切割磁铁样机的设计和研制

基于上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)储存环注入系统的需要,在国内首次研制成功了一台涡流板型切割磁铁,其性能指标均达到设计要求,特别是漏场指标,达到了国际同类磁铁的先进水平.本文对切割磁铁设计和研制的关键技术进行了讨论,对切割磁铁的性能进行了测试,在此基础上对这类切割磁铁的设计和研制提出具有建设性的建议.     

核磁共振成像用的球形磁体和环形磁体性能比较

本文对核磁共振成像用的球形空心线圈磁体和环形空心线圈磁体的性能进行计算机模拟比较证明环形磁体在很多方面可以与球形磁体相比拟。由于环形磁体加工容易,调节方便,因而可以取代球形磁体作成像仪器的主要部件。     

Kicker magnet modulator in the 2-GeV Pohang light source

The 2.0-GeV Pohang light source (PLS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source that is the first such facility in Korea and the fifth in the world. The PLS mainly consisted of a full-energy injection linac and a storage ring. Four kicker magnets are installed in the storage ring tunnel to move the stored beam orbit in the storage ring closer to the injected beam from the beam transfer line. The injected beam then falls into the storage ring beam dynamic aperture. A kicker magnet modulator drives all four kicker magnets to maintain field balance and synchronized kick of the beam. Specification of the kicker magnet modulator is ~6.0-μs-full width, 200-ns flattop width with ±0.2% regulation, ~24-kA peak current, and 10-Hz repetition rate. Two thyratron switches (EEV CX-1536AX) are used in the system. As the inverse voltage is dangerous to thyratron operation, a new surge suppression circuit was developed. The kicker modulator has been operated very reliably since its installation in August 1995. In this article, design, simulation, and experimental results of the kicker magnet modulator are discussed. In addition, measurement result of spatial B-field distribution in the kicker magnet and maximum operating range of kicker magnet are discussed     

环形正负电子对撞机注入引出分布参数型冲击磁铁设计

环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）是一台周长100 km,最高能量为120 GeV的双环对撞机。为了满足不同能量粒子从增强器注入到对撞环,针对W和Z能量模式设计了对撞环离轴注入系统,用于实现束流的累积。为了提高注入效率,兼容不同注入能量,不同束流填充模式,同时尽可能减少注入过程中冲击磁铁对其它束团的扰动,要求对撞环离轴注入冲击磁铁系统是一个上升时间和下降时间小于200 ns,脉冲底宽调节范围为440～2420 ns的梯形波脉冲放电系统。和常见的集中参数型冲击磁铁相比,分布参数型冲击磁铁具有更优越的动态响应特性,适合产生一个前沿更加陡峭、波形更为理想的梯形波脉冲。根据CEPC的束流注入物理需求,完成了一台分布参数型冲击磁铁的物理设计和结构设计,并采用了PSpice和Opera程序进行模拟仿真。设计结果表明：冲击磁铁由26级LC单元结构叠装而成,磁铁总长为1018 mm,磁有效长度为942 mm;在[-20,20] mm磁铁孔径内,磁场强度为0.042 1 T,磁场均匀性优于±0.2%;冲击磁铁系统总上升时间（10%～90%）为193 ns,下降时间（90%～10%）为191 ns。理论分析、...     

ON THE ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTED RING PERMANENT MAGNET MULTIPOLE FIELDS

Assuming uniform magnetization of individual magnet piece, a three dimensional analytical expression for the magnetic field of a newly developed multipole structure—the permanent magnet segmented ring structure—is derived.     

Excitation curve calibration for the SSRF magnet system

The needed electrical current for the magnet working under different energy loads can be easily calculated once the right relation between the magnet and the electrical current has been found. Therefore the excitation curve calibration for the magnet system is important to the SSRF. The measuring method on the magnet and the result of the excitation curve calibration are presented. The application of the excitation curve calibration for the bending magnet is given, and it is proved that the COD (Closed Orbit Distortion) and the working point of the storage ring are greatly affected by the current of the bending magnet.     

常温核聚变现象实验研究

介绍了1989～1992年在常温核聚变研究方面的主要进展。使用电解法观测到了中子和氚。使用气体放电法观测到了中子和X射线。使用气体升降温度压力循环法观测到了X光胶片感光现象,并初步弄清了感光原因。     

THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EDDY-CURRENT FIELDS OF A C-TYPE SOLID YOKE BENDING MAGNET

The finite element method developed recent years and used for solving two-dimensional timedependent magnetic fields is introduced.Using this method,we have calculated the eddycurrent fields of a C-type solid yoke bending magnet which is a model magnet of the 800MeV electron storage ring in Hefei.The calculation results are in agreement with measurements.The possibility of applying a solid yoke bending magnet in the case of slow acceleration is discussed.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)booster ring, a full energy injector for the storage ring, is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping. Closed orbit distortion (COD) caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting. Considering the affections of random errors in measurement, both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5 is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

光学速调管磁场测量和磁场误差分析

 给出了储存环光学速调管磁场的测量结果,包括轴向分布、横向分布均匀度以及积分场分布;分析了磁场分布的随机误差和系统误差,计算了积分多极场的大小; 讨论了非零积分场引起的闭轨畸变和对储存环工作点的影响。     

FAIR收集环二极超导实验磁体的研究

为验证国际反质子和离子加速器(Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research-FAIR)收集环(Collector Ring-CR)二极超导磁体工程设计的可靠性,设计并制造了用于导体性能测试的实验磁体,借助基于有限元的ANSYS软件对其进行了分析,达到了实验磁体的强度要求,实验结果表明导体在低温下性能稳定。进行的研究为收集环二极超导磁体的研发提供了有益的参考。     

Optimizing magnetization orientation of permanent magnets for maximal gradient force

The force exercised on a permanent magnet (PM) in a nonuniform field (gradient force) is dependent on the magnetization orientation of the magnet. In this paper, it is shown theoretically that the gradient force is greatest when the magnetization through the magnet, or at least at its surface, is collinear with the external field. The formulae for calculating the force between an axis-symmetric optimal magnet and a coaxial axis-symmetric coil are presented. Using the finite element method (FEM), calculations of the magnetic field distribution of an optimal cylindrical magnet and some its approximations are performed. The forces between these magnets and a pancake coil are computed and compared. For a system consisting of a magnet with a height of 1 unit and a diameter of 2 units and magnetization invariant in field and an annular pancake coil with a diameter of 2.4 units, a thickness of 0.2 units, an inner diameter of 0.4 units and a distance from the magnet of 0.2 units, the force on the optimal magnet was 1.44 times greater than the force on an axially magnetized magnet of the same size and magnetization magnitude. The optimal magnetization may be approximated by magnetization inclined at a constant angle to the axis and by a combination of axially and radially magnetized sections. With magnetization at a constant angle to the axis in the axis plane, the force was greatest when the angle was about 45°, being 1.38-fold compared to the force on an axially magnetized magnet. When the magnet was composed of an axially magnetized cylindrical core and a radially magnetized outer ring, the force was greatest when the volume of the core was approximately equal to the volume of the ring, being 1.26-fold compared to the force on an axially magnetized magnet. The optimal magnet and its approximations also provided a reduced stray field. A short review of methods of the fabrication of permanent magnets (PMs) with a continuous variation of the magnetization orientation and with radial magnetization orientation is given.The results of this study can be used to design linear electromagnetic (micro)actuators.     

THE EDDY-CURRENT EFFECTS OF A BENDING MAGNET ON AN ELECTRON STORAGE RING DURING SLOW ACCELERATION

The magnetic field distribution of a C—type solid yoke bending magnet—a model magnet used on the Hefei synchrotron is measured and the eddy-current effects of a bending magnet on an electron storage ring during slow acceleration are investigated by two coil induction approach. When slow acceleration exists, possibility of applying a solid yoke bending magnet is verified.     

用周期铁磁结构环作磁累积发生器的初始能源

 首先推导了描述铁磁体的磁场方程，并分析计算了圆筒型周期性永磁结构环内部所携带的磁能，研究了磁能与永磁体质量的关系。分析表明，采用内外径分别为60和90mm、长为60mm、质量约为30kg的四级周期永磁结构能够提供1kJ左右的磁能。这种结构有可能成为间接馈电磁累积发生器的初始能源。     

反质子和离子加速器收集环的超导二极磁体设计

介绍了德国FAIR工程中的收集环(CR)超导二极磁体的工程设计。用CATIA软件建立了CR超导二极磁体的三维模型,并用ANSYS软件对建立的1/4模型进行了磁场和电磁力的分析,基于磁场分析对线圈盒进行了位移和应力的初步分析,并对磁体失超后液氦容器可能出现的最大位移和最大应力进行了分析。进行的分析研究为实验磁体和产品磁体的制造提供了必要的参数。     

Producing terahertz coherent synchrotron radiation at the Hefei Light Source

This paper theoretically proves that an electron storage ring can generate coherent radiation in the THz region using a quick kicker magnet and an AC sextupole magnet. When the vertical chromaticity is modulated by the AC sextupole magnet, the vertical beam collective motion excited by the kicker produces a wavy spatial structure after a number of longitudinal oscillation periods. The radiation spectral distribution was calculated from the wavy bunch parameters at the Hefei Light Source(HLS). When the electron energy is reduced to 400 Me V, extremely strong coherent synchrotron radiation(CSR) at 0.115 THz should be produced.     

开口磁环的周期聚焦系统仿真分析与实验

当前行波管周期永磁聚焦系统的波端口位置处的磁环通常采用单向开口磁环。在波端口位置引入波导阻抗调谐支节的基础上,提出了两种不同的双向开口磁环结构。利用三维电磁仿真软件Opera-3D,分析了双开口磁环的中心轴线附近的磁场,并据此进一步介绍了带双开口磁环周期永磁聚焦系统的设计方法。为了验证带双开口磁环的周期永磁聚焦系统应用的可行性,设计和测试了一套E波段折叠波导行波管电子光学系统。在行波管试验中,电子枪发射电流83 mA,带双开口磁环的周期永磁聚焦系统聚焦的电子束流通率达到99%。     

静磁边值问题和魔球魔环式永磁体

提供或补充了现行电动力学教科书中尚难见到的由泊松方程构成的静磁值问题的趣例及其求解方法,而且这些能产生均匀磁场的趣例与现代永磁体的发展和应用前尚密切相关,因而也是电磁理论联系工程实际的生动实例。