On the strong summation of Fourier series with variable exponents

Пустьf 2π-периодическ ая суммируемая функц ия, as _k (x) еë сумма Фурье порядк аk. В связи с известным ре зультатом Зигмунда о сильной суммируемости мы уст анавливаем, что если λn→∞, то сущес твует такая функцияf, что почти всюду $$\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left\{ {\frac{1}{n}\mathop \sum \limits_{k = n + 1}^{2n} |s_k (x) - f(x)|^{\lambda _{2n} } } \right\}^{1/\lambda _{2n} } = \infty .$$ Отсюда, в частности, вы текает, что если λn?∞, т о существует такая фун кцияf, что почти всюду $$\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left\{ {\frac{1}{n}\mathop \sum \limits_{k = 0}^n |s_k (x) - f(x)|^{\lambda _k } } \right\}^{1/\lambda _n } = \infty .$$ Пусть, далее, ω-модуль н епрерывности и $$H^\omega = \{ f:\parallel f(x + h) - f(x)\parallel _c \leqq K_f \omega (h)\} .$$ . Мы доказываем, что есл и λ _n ?∞, то необходимым и достаточным условие м для того, чтобы для всехf∈H ^ω выполнялос ь соотношение $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left\{ {\frac{1}{n}\mathop \sum \limits_{k = n + 1}^{2n} |s_k (x) - f(x)|^{\lambda _n } } \right\}^{1/\lambda _n } = 0(x \in [0;2\pi ])$$ является условие $$\omega \left( {\frac{1}{n}} \right) = o\left( {\frac{1}{{\log n}} + \frac{1}{{\lambda _n }}} \right).$$ Это же условие необхо димо и достаточно для того, чтобы выполнялось соотнош ение $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \frac{1}{{n + 1}}\mathop \sum \limits_{k = 0}^n |s_k (x) - f(x)|^{\lambda _k } = 0(f \in H^\omega ,x \in [0;2\pi ]).$$      

On oscillatory integral Hilbert transformation with trigonometric polynomial phase

Let $ \mathcal{P}_n $ denote the set of algebraic polynomials of degree n with the real coefficients. Stein and Wpainger [1] proved that $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{p( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{P}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{ip(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \leqslant C_n , $$ where C _n depends only on n. Later A. Carbery, S. Wainger and J. Wright (according to a communication obtained from I. R. Parissis), and Parissis [3] obtained the following sharp order estimate $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{p( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{P}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{ip(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \sim \ln n. $$ . Now let $ \mathcal{T}_n $ denote the set of trigonometric polynomials $$ t(x) = \frac{{a_0 }} {2} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {(a_k coskx + b_k sinkx)} $$ with real coefficients a _k , b _k . The main result of the paper is that $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{t( \cdot ) \in \mathcal{T}_n } \left| {p.v.\int_\mathbb{R} {\frac{{e^{it(x)} }} {x}dx} } \right| \leqslant C_n , $$ with an effective bound on C _n . Besides, an analog of a lemma, due to I. M. Vinogradov, is established, concerning the estimate of the measure of the set, where a polynomial is small, via the coefficients of the polynomial.     

On absolute summation of Fourier series by subsequences

В работе изучается сл едующая задача. Пусть заданы числа 0<α≦1 и β<α. При каки х условиях на строго во зрастающую последов ательность натуральных чисел {n _k } _k ^t8 =1 для всех 2π-периодических функ ций \(f(x) \sim \sum\limits_{v = - \infty }^\infty {c_v e^{ivx} } \) , принадлежащих к лассу Lip α, равномерно пох будет выполнено неравенство $$\sum\limits_{k = 1}^\infty {|\sum\limits_{n_k \leqq |v|< n_{k + 1} } {c_v e^{ivx} } |n_k^\beta< \infty ?} $$ .     

Eine Bemerkung über diophantische Approximationen vone a,a≠0 rational

The following theorem is proved, based on an irrationality measure fore ^a (a∈0, rational) ofP. Bundschuh: Letp, q, u, v∈0 be rational integers withq≥1,v≥1,a=u/v, 0<δ≤2. If $$\begin{gathered} q > \exp \{ u^2 ((ea)^2 /8) (1 + u^2 (a e/2)^2 ) + |u|^{8/\delta } e^{2/\delta } + (4/\delta )\log \upsilon + \hfill \\ + (2/\delta )\log 12 + |a| + \log (3 + 20|a|e^{|a|} )) + \log ((3/2)e^{|a|} ) + e/2\} , \hfill \\ then |e^a - p/q| > q^{ - (2 + \delta )} . \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$      

Estimate of a sum of Legendre symbols of polynomials of even degree

Let n≥4 be even, p > (n²?2n)/2 be simple odd, andf(x)=a ₀+a ₁+...+a _nxⁿ be a polynomial with integral coefficients that are not quadratic over the residue field modulo p, (a _n, p)=1. The following inequality is proved: $$\left| {\sum\nolimits_{x = 1}^p {\left( {\frac{{f(x)}}{p}} \right)} } \right| \leqslant (n - 2)\sqrt {p + 1 - \frac{{n(n - 4)}}{4}} + 1.$$      

A moment problem associated to rational Szegő functions

Leta ₁,...,a _p be distinct points in the finite complex plane ?, such that |a _j|>1,j=1,..., p and let \(b_j = 1/\bar \alpha _j ,\) j=1,..., p. Let μ₀, μ _π ^(j) , ν _π ^(j) j=1,..., p;n=1, 2,... be given complex numbers. We consider the following moment problem. Find a distribution ψ on [?π, π], with infinitely many points of increase, such that $$\begin{array}{l} \int_{ - \pi }^\pi {d\psi (\theta ) = \mu _0 ,} \\ \int_{ - \pi }^\pi {\frac{{d\psi (\theta )}}{{(e^{i\theta } - a_j )^n }} = \mu _n^{(j)} ,} \int_{ - \pi }^\pi {\frac{{d\psi (\theta )}}{{(e^{i\theta } - b_j )^n }} = v_n^{(j)} ,} j = 1,...,p;n = 1,2,.... \\ \end{array}$$ It will be shown that this problem has a unique solution if the moments generate a positive-definite Hermitian inner product on the linear space of rational functions with no poles in the extended complex plane ?^* outside {a ₁,...,a _p,b ₁,...,b _p}.     

A Tauberian vanishing theorem

ИжУЧАЕтсь кРИтИЧЕск Аь скОРОсть УБыВАНИь Дль РАжлИЧНых МЕтОДОВ сУ ММИРОВАНИь. пРОтОтИпОМ тАкИх РЕж УльтАтОВ ьВльЕтсь сл ЕДУУЩЕЕ УтВЕРжДЕНИЕ, ОтНОсьЩ ЕЕсь к МЕтОДУ сУММИРОВАНИ ь АБЕль: ЕслИ $$a_n = O(n^p ) \Pi pI x \to \infty $$ Дль НЕкОтОРОгОp И $$\sum {a_n e^{ - nx} = O(e^{ - \eta (x)/x} ) \Pi pI x \to + 0,} $$ пРИx→+0, гДЕ ФУНкцИьη УДОВлЕт ВОРьЕт УслОВИУ $$\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{x \to + 0} \eta (x) = \infty ,$$ тО кОЁФФИцИЕНтыa _n РАВ Ны НУлУ Дль ВсЕхn. Мы пОкАжыВАЕМ, ЧтО пОД ОБНыИ РЕжУльтАт ИМЕЕ т МЕстО Дль шИРОкОгО клАссА МЕтОДОВ сУММИРОВАНИ ь.     

Solvability of the Dirichlet problem for degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations

In a bounded domain of the n -dimensional (n?2) space one considers a class of degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations, whose model is the equation $$\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\frac{{\partial F}}{{\partial x_i }}} (a^{\ell _i } (u)\left| {u_{x_i } } \right|^{m_i - 2} u_{x_i } ) = f(x),$$ where x =(x₁,..., x_r), l_i?0, m_i>1, the function f is summable with some power, the nonnegative continuous function a(u) vanishes at a finite number of points and satisfies \(\frac{{lim}}{{\left| u \right| \to \infty }}a(u) > 0\) . One proves the existence of bounded generalized solutions with a finite integral $$\int\limits_\Omega {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {a^{\ell _i } (u)\left| {u_{x_i } } \right|^{m_i } dx} }$$ of the Dirichlet problem with zero boundary conditions.     

Singularities of carleman type for subsystems of a trigonometric system

We prove that for arbitrary ε>0 there exists a sequence of positive integers {n_k} such that a) the system { cos n_k X, sin n_k X} is a basis with respect to the C[-π, π] norm in the closure of its linear hull, and b) a continuous functionf(x) belonging to the closure of the linear hull of the system can be found such that its Fourier coefficientsa _n and b_n satisfy the relation $$\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {\left| {a_n } \right|^{2 - \varepsilon } + \left| {b_n } \right|^{2 - \varepsilon } } = \infty $$ .     

Estimate of a multiple sum involving the legendre symbol

Supposef(x₁,..., x_n) is a polynomial of even degree d having coefficients in the finite field k=[q] and satisfying certain natural conditions, and let χ be the quadratic character of k. Then $$\left| {\sum {x_1 , \ldots ,} x_n \in k\chi (f(x_1 , \ldots ,x_n ))} \right| \leqslant Cq^{{n \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {n 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} $$ where the constant C depends only on d and n.     

On some local properties of the sum of lacunary trigonometric series

В статье изучается по ведение суммы лакуна рного тригонометрическог о ряда при приближени и к некоторой фиксиров анной произвольной т очке. Первая половина рабо ты посвящена изложен ию метода исследования локаль ных свойств суммы лакунарного ря да, разработанного ав тором. Вторая половина рабо ты посвящена приложе ниям этого метода. Здесь в частно сти, получаются необходи мые и достаточные усл овия для интегрируемости сум мы лакунарного ряда с весом при широк их условиях на вес. При ведем соответствующий рез ультат. Пусть?р(x) — сумма ряда \(a + \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n \cos (\lambda _n x + \psi _n )} \) , гдеа, а _n ,λ _n ,ψ _n — действительные числа,εa _n ^/2 <∞,a _n ≧0,λ _n >0 приn≧1 и \(\mathop {\inf }\limits_{n \geqq 1} \lambda _{n + 1} /\lambda _n > 1\) . При этих условиях функция?(х) определена почти всю ду. Пустьр>0 иω(х) — положительная неуб ывающая функция, определенная при все хх>0, которая при некот оромC>0 удовлетворяет услов ию:ω(2x)≦ ≦Cω(х) при всехх>0. Тогда имеет место Теорема. Для того, чтоб ы интеграл \(\int\limits_{ + 0} {|\varphi (x)|^p \frac{{dx}}{{\omega (x)}}} \) сходился, необходимо и достато чно, чтобы сходились все р яды $$\begin{gathered} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {D_n (\sum\limits_{k = n}^\infty {a_k^2 } )^{p/2} ,} \sum\limits_{n = 2}^\infty {D_n |a_n + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^{n - 1} {a_k \cos } \psi _k |^p ,} \hfill \\ \sum\limits_{n = 2}^\infty {D_n (pj)|\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{n - 1} {a_k \lambda _k^j \cos (\psi _k + \pi j/2)} |^p ,} j = 1,2,..., \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ , где $$D_n = \int\limits_{I_n } {\frac{{dx}}{{\omega (x)}},} D_n (pj) = \int\limits_{I_n } {\frac{{x^{pj} dx}}{{\omega (x)}},} a I_n = [\pi \lambda _n^{ - 1} ,\pi \lambda _{n - 1}^{ - 1} ]$$      

Upper bound for the product of nonhomogeneous linear forms

It is proved that for any unimodular lattice Λ with homogeneous minimum L>0 and any set of real numbers α₁, α₂,..., α_n there exists a point (y₁, y₂,..., y_n) of Λ such that $$\Pi _{1 \leqslant i \leqslant n} |y_i + \alpha _i | \leqslant 2^{ - n/2_\gamma n} (1 + 3L^{8/(3n)/(\gamma ^{2/3} - 2L^{8/(3n)} )} )^{ - n/2} ,$$ where γⁿ= n^n/(n?1).     

Кусочно-монотонная и рациональная аппрок симации и равномерная сходим ость рядов Фурье

Let $$R_n [f] = \inf \left\{ {\mathop {\max }\limits_{ - \pi \leqq x \leqq \pi } \left| {f(x) - \frac{{P(x)}}{{Q(x)}}} \right|} \right\}$$ , whereP andQ denote polynomials (algebraic or trigonometric) of degree ≦n. Theorem 2a. If for a continuous 2π-periodic function f the condition $$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{1}{n}R_n [f]< \infty } $$ holds, then the Fourier series of f converges to f(x) uniformly. Theorem 2b. Let {β _n } be a non-increasing sequence of positive numbers such that $$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{1}{n}\beta _n = \infty } $$ Then there exists a continuous 2π-periodic function f₀ for which R_n[f₀]≦β_n for all n=1 and yet the Fourier series of f₀ diverges at x=0.R _n [f]may be replaced in these theorems byM _n [f], whereM _n [f] is the minimal uniform deviation off(x) from piecewise monotonie functionsМ _n (х) of order ≦n.     

Lipschitz-Nikolski\imath constants and asymptotic simultaneous approximation on theM n -operatorsconstants and asymptotic simultaneous approximation on theM n -operators

This note is a study of approximation of classes of functions and asymptotic simultaneous approximation of functions by theM _n -operators of Meyer-König and Zeller which are defined by $$(M_n f)(x) = (1 - x)^{n + 1} \sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {f\left( {\frac{k}{{n + k}}} \right)} \left( \begin{array}{l} n + k \\ k \\ \end{array} \right)x^k , n = 1,2,....$$ Among other results it is proved that for 0<α≤1 $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } n^{\alpha /2} \mathop {\sup }\limits_{f \in Lip_1 \alpha } \left| {(M_n f)(x) - f(x)} \right| = \frac{{\Gamma \left( {\frac{{\alpha + 1}}{2}} \right)}}{{\pi ^{1/2} }}\left\{ {2x(1 - x)^2 } \right\}^{\alpha /2} $$ and if for a functionf, the derivativeD ^m+2 f exist at a pointx∈(0, 1), then $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } 2n[D^m (M_n f) - D^m f] = \Omega f,$$ where Ω is the linear differential operator given by $$\Omega = x(1 - x)^2 D^{m + 2} + m(3x - 1)(x - 1)D^{m + 1} + m(m - 1)(3x - 2)D^m + m(m - 1)(m - 2)D^{m - 1} .$$      

Approximation of integrable functions by linear methods almost everywhere

It is shown that 2π periodic functions whose (r-1)-th derivatives have bounded variation (r > 0) can be approximated by de La Vallée-Poussin sums σ _n,m (an ?m =m (n) ?An,0 <a<A<1) at almost all points with a rate o(n^?r). For functions belonging to the class Lip (α, L) (0 <α < 1), any natural N, and a positive ?, we have almost everywhere $$|f(x) - \sigma _{n,m} (f;x)| \leqslant c(f,x)n^{ - \alpha } lnn \ldots ln_N^{1 + \varepsilon } n,$$ where \(ln_k x = \underbrace {ln \ldots ln x}_k(k = 1, 2, \ldots )\) . For any triangular method of summation T with bounded coefficients we construct functions belonging to Lip (α, L) (0 < α < 1) and such that almost everywhere, $$\mathop {\overline {\lim } }\limits_{n \to \infty } |f(x) - \tau _n (f;x)|n^a (ln n \ldots ln_N n)^{ - a} = \infty $$ where the τ_n(f; x) are the means of the method T.     

On the approximation by de la Vallée Poussin sums and interpolatory polynomials in Lipschitz norms

ПустьM ^m,α - множество 2π-п ериодических функци йf с конечной нормой $$||f||_{p,m,\alpha } = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^m {||f^{(k)} ||_{_p } + \mathop {\sup }\limits_{h \ne 0} |h|^{ - \alpha } ||} f^{(m)} (o + h) - f^{(m)} (o)||_{p,} $$ где1 ≦ p ≦ ∞, 0≦α≦1. Рассмотр им средние Bалле Пуссе на $$(\sigma _{n,1} f)(x) = \frac{1}{\pi }\int\limits_0^{2x} {f(u)K_{n,1} (x - u)du} $$ и $$(L_{n,1} f)(x) = \frac{2}{{2n + 1}}\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{2n} {f(x_k )K_{n,1} } (x - x_k ),$$ де0≦l≦n и x _k=2kπ/(2n+1). В работе по лучены оценки для вел ичин \(||f - \sigma _{n,1} f||_{p,r,\beta } \) и $$||f - L_{n,1} f||_{p,r,\beta } (r + \beta \leqq m + \alpha ).$$      

OnL 1-convergence of Walsh-Fourier series I

We prove the convergence in theL ¹(0, 1)-metric of Walsh-Fourier series \(\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {a_k w_k \left( x \right)} \) of an integrable function with coefficients such that lim_n→∞ and the following Tauberian condition of Hardy-Karamata kind is satisfied: $$\mathop {lim}\limits_{\lambda \to 1 + 0} {\text{ }}\mathop {lim}\limits_{n \to \infty } \sum\limits_{k = n}^{\left[ {\lambda n} \right]} {k^{p - 1} \left| {\Delta a_k } \right|^p } = 0,$$ , wherep>1, [·] denotes the integral part, and Δa _k=a_k?a_k+1.     

Lower bounds for the modulus of the logarithmic derivative of a polynomial

Estimates are given for the measure of a section of an arbitrary straight line of the set $$E_\delta = \left\{ {z:\left| {P' {{\left( z \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( z \right)} {\left( {nP \left( z \right)} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {nP \left( z \right)} \right)}} \leqslant \delta } \right|} \right\} \left( {\delta > 0} \right)$$ where P (z) is a polynomial of degree n. THEOREM. Suppose P (x) = (x ? x₁) ... (x ? x_n) is a polynomial with real zeros. Then, for any δ > 0, on any intervala ?x ?b, containing all of the x_k (k=1, 2, ..., n), outside an exceptional set E_δ?[a,b] such that $$mes E_\delta \leqslant \left( {\sqrt {1 + \delta ^2 \left( {b - a} \right)^2 } - 1} \right)/\delta $$ , we have the inequality $$\left| {P' {{\left( x \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( x \right)} {\left( {nP \left( x \right)} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {nP \left( x \right)} \right)}}} \right| > \delta $$ . A similar estimate is given for polynomials whose roots lie either in Imz ? 0 or in Imz ? 0.     

Padé tables of entire functions of very slow and smooth growth,II

Letf(z):=Σ _j=0 ^∞ a _j z ^j , where a_j ≠ 0,j large enough, and for someq ε C such that ¦q¦ $$q_j : = a_{j - 1} a_{j + 1} /a_j^2 \to q,j \to \infty .$$ Define for m,n = 0,1,2,..., the Toeplitz determinant $$D(m/n): = \det (a_{m - j + k} )_{j,k = 1}^n .$$ Given ? > 0, we show that form large enough, and for everyn = 1,2,3,..., $$(1 - \varepsilon )^n \leqslant \left| {{{D(m/n)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{D(m/n)} {\left\{ {a_m^n \mathop \Pi \limits_{j - 1}^{n - 1} (1 - q_m^j )^{n - j} } \right\}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left\{ {a_m^n \mathop \Pi \limits_{j - 1}^{n - 1} (1 - q_m^j )^{n - j} } \right\}}}} \right| \leqslant (1 + \varepsilon )^n .$$ We apply this to show that any sequence of Padé approximants {[m _k /n _k ]} ₁ ^∞ tof, withm _k →∞ ask→ ∞, converges locally uniformly in C. In particular, the diagonal sequence {[n/n]} ₁ ^∞ converges throughout C. Further, under additional assumptions, we give sharper asymptotics forD(m/n).     

Rational approximations of real numbers

For anyx ∈ r put $$c(x) = \overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } } \mathop {\min }\limits_{(p,q\mathop {) \in Z}\limits_{q \leqslant t} \times N} t\left| {qx - p} \right|.$$ . Let [x₀; x₁,..., x_n, ...] be an expansion of x into a continued fraction and let \(M = \{ x \in J,\overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } } x_n< \infty \}\) .Forx∈M put D(x)=c(x)/(1?c(x)). The structure of the set \(\mathfrak{D} = \{ D(x),x \in M\}\) is studied. It is shown that $$\mathfrak{D} \cap (3 + \sqrt 3 ,(5 + 3\sqrt 3 )/2) = \{ D(x^{(n,3} )\} _{n = 0}^\infty \nearrow (5 + 3\sqrt 3 )/2,$$ where \(x^{(n,3)} = [\overline {3;(1,2)_n ,1} ].\) This yields for \(\mu = \inf \{ z,\mathfrak{D} \supset (z, + \infty )\}\) (“origin of the ray”) the following lower bound: μ?(5+3√3)/2=5.0n>(5 + 3/3)/2=5.098.... Suppose a∈n. Put \(M(a) = \{ x \in M,\overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } } x_n = a\}\) , \(\mathfrak{D}(a) = \{ D(x),x \in M(a)\}\) . The smallest limit point of \(\mathfrak{D}(a)(a \geqslant 2)\) is found. The structure of (a) is studied completely up to the smallest limit point and elucidated to the right of it.