The46Ti(d,τ)45Sc reaction

The⁴⁶Ti(d, τ)⁴⁵Sc reaction has been investigated at an incident energy of 52 MeV. Angular distributions have been taken for 14 τ-groups corresponding to excitation energies below 4 MeV in⁴⁵Sc. Spectroscopic factors were extracted through DWBA calculations. Spins and parities of 5/2⁺ are proposed for states at 1.30, 1.80, 2.91, 3.48, and 3.72 MeV. The hole state spectrum of⁴⁵Sc closely resembles that of⁴⁷Sc. A strong fractionation of the 1d _3/2 strength was not observed in contrast to other recent work. The data provide evidence for (1f _7/2 · 1f _5/2 ¹) components in the ground state wave function of⁴⁶Ti, which demonstrates that such configurations are not restricted to neutron excitations.     

The low-lying states and configurations in138La

Tritons from the reaction¹³⁹La(d, t)¹³⁸La atE _d=16 MeV were analyzed at eleven reaction angles from 22 ° to 90 ° with a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. TheQ-value of the reaction is ?2522±5 keV. The nine lowest-lying states in¹³⁸La are interpreted in terms of the shell model configurations (πg _7/2)^?1 (vd _3/2)^?1, (πg _7/2)^?1 (vs _1/2)^?1 and (πg _7/2)^?2 (πd _5/2)^?1(vd _3/2)^?1. Seven levels in the energy range of 700–1300 keV are populated byl=5 transitions and are interpreted as coming from the (πg _7/2)^?1(vh _11/2)^?1 configuration. The ground state of¹³⁸La is shown to haveJ ^π=5⁺. Therefore, beta decay by unique second-forbidden transitions to the 2⁺ one-phonon states of¹³⁸Ce and¹³⁸Ba must be inferred in spite of unusually high logft values of 19.2 and 18.5, respectively.     

Decay of three-particle high spin states in85Y

High spin states in⁸⁵Y have been excited in the reaction⁷²Ge(¹⁶O,p2n) at 48–60 MeV beam energy. From measurements ofnγ andγγ coincidences, excitation functions and angular distributions, the high spin spectrum of⁸⁵Y has been established up to 5.4 MeV excitation energy and spinI≦29/2. Lifetimes or limits of lifetimes have been determined for 14 levels via the recoil distance and Doppler shift attenuation method. Theg _9/2 decoupled proton band is found to backbend atI ^π=17/2⁺ as also seen in the reduction of the 17/2⁺→13/2⁺ and 21/2⁺→17/2⁺ E2 transition strengths. The lowest (3qp) positive parity band has predominantly aν ² g _9/2×πg _9/2 structure. The observed negative parity yrast states in the spin range 15/2^?≦I≦29/2^? are most probably of (g _9/2)² ×(f _5/2,p _1/2) (3qp) nature as suggested by a comparison of the⁸⁴Sr and⁸⁵Y level structures and electromagnetic transition strengths.     

Experimental determination of the potential energy curves of the I(3/2u) and I(3/2g) states of Kr+ 2

The I(3/2u) and I(3/2g) states of Kr⁺ ₂ have been investigated by pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy following (2 + 1′) resonance-enhanced multiphoton excitation via the 0⁺ _g Rydberg state located below the Kr?([4p]⁵5p[1/2]₀) + Kr(¹S₀) dissociation limit of Kr₂. From the positions of a large number of vibrational bands in the spectra of the ⁸⁴Kr₂ and ⁸⁴Kr-⁸⁶Kr isotopomers, the adiabatic ionization potentials (IP(I(3/2u)) = 112672.4 ± 0.8cm^?1, IP(I(3/2g)) = 111 395.0 ± 1.4cm^?1), the dissociation energies (D ⁺ ₀(I(3/2u)) = 368.8 ± 2.0cm^?1, D ⁺ ₀(I(3/2g)) = 1646.2 ± 2.3cm^?1) and vibrational constants for both ionic states have been determined. Potential energy curves have been extracted which perfectly reproduce all experimental observations and are accurate over a wide range of energies and internuclear distances. The equilibrium internuclear distances (R ⁺ _e(I(3/2u)) = 4.11 ± 0.04 Å, R ⁺ _e(I(3/2g)) = 3.35 ± 0.10 Å) have been derived by comparing the intensity distribution in the PFI-ZEKE photoelectron spectra to calculated Franck-Condon factors. The dissociation energy of the I(3/2g) state and the equilibrium internuclear distance of the I(3/2u) state differ markedly from previously reported values.     

Half-life and magnetic moment of the 1+ first excited state in116Sb

The life-time and the magnetic dipole moment of the 1⁺ isomeric state in¹¹⁶Sb have been measured by the TDPAD method. The state was populated in the reaction¹¹⁶Sn(p, n)¹¹⁶Sb atE _p =15 MeV. The obtained results,μ(1⁺,¹¹⁶Sb)=+2.47(9) n.m. andT _1/2= 194(4) ns, support the pure single particle [πd _5/2*vd _3/2] configuration for the 1⁺ isomeric state.     

Neutron induced reaction cross-section of115In around 14 MeV

A systematic investigation was carried out on¹¹⁵In to determine the contribution of different reactions to the total non-elastic cross-section in the 13.43 and 14.84 MeV incident neutron energy range. All the major components ofσ _NE were measured with exception of theσ ^g(n, n′) cross section. An analytical expression is recommended to estimate theσ _NE data as a function of mass number at E_n=14.1 MeV. By the knowledge ofσ _NE, the energy dependence ofσ ^g(n, n′) could be deduced. The isomeric cross section ratios both for (n, 2n) and (n, n′) processes were also determined in the given energy range. The present experiment proves the dependence ofσ ^m/(σ ^g+σ ^m) ratio on the spin value (I _m) of the isomeric state in the (n, 2n) reaction. Excitation functions of the (n, 2n), (n, n′) (n, p) and (n∶ p, α) reactions calculated by STAPRE code show good agreement with the experimental results.     

In-beamγ-ray spectroscopy of the neutron deficient100Ag

The neutron deficient nucleus¹⁰⁰Ag, three proton holes below and three neutron particles above the N=Z=50 shell closure at¹⁰⁰Sn, has been identified and studied by in-beam spectroscopy. The reactions⁴⁶Ti(⁵⁸Ni,3pn) at 231 MeV and⁶⁴Zn(⁴⁰Ca,3pn) at 167 MeV of the respective⁵⁸Ni and⁴⁰Ca beams were used, and states up to 8.7 MeV excitation energy and spin I?20 were found in two mainγ-ray cascades forming band-like structures of even and odd parity. Large scale shell model calculations suggest predominantπg ₉ ^2/?3 ν(d_5/2,g_7/2)³ andπg ₉ ^2/?3 ν(d_5/2,g_7/2)²h_11/2 structures with maximum spins I ^π = 19⁺ and I ^π =22^?, respectively, for the two level sequences. The influence ofπp_1/2 vs.νh_11/2 excitations is discussed for low lying odd-parity levels.     

Recoil distance lifetime measurements in82Kr

The lifetimes τ=124±12, 6 _?2 ⁺⁴ and 380±100 ps of theE _x (I ^π )=3.46(8⁺), 2.92(6⁺) and 3.04(6^?) MeV states, respectively, populated by the reaction⁷⁶Ge(¹²C,α2n) were measured with the recoil distance method. In addition upper lifetime limits were obtained for nine states. The measured lifetimes and energies indicate a band crossing at aboutI ^π =8⁺, probably arising from the alignment of twog _9/2 neutrons. For the 3.04 MeV 6^? state as a second member of a band built on the 2.65 MeV 4^? state the measured lifetime points to a two-quasiparticle configuration. The positive-parity states have been discussed in the frame of the interacting boson approximation, nuclear field theory and the cranked shell model.     

FastM1 transitions in85Rb

Excited states in⁸⁵Rb have been studied via the⁸²Se(⁷Li, 4n) reaction by using in-beamγ-ray spectroscopy. On the basis of new experimental data on coincidence relations, angular distributions and linear polarizations of theγ-rays the yrast sequence has been extended up to a 33/2⁺ level at 7.1 MeV excitation energy. Using the DSA method mean lifetimes have been determined for 9 levels. Above the 21/2⁺ yrast state 5 fast M1 transitions withB (M 1) ≧0.3 W.u. have been identified. They are interpreted as transitions between recoupled states of the configuration πg_9/2ν(g_9/2) ₈₊ ^?2 or πg_9/2(f ₅ ² /?1p ₃ ^2?1 )₄₊ν(g_9/2) ₈₊ ^?2 .     

The (n, 2n) excitation functions for93Nb and103Rh with special respect to the isomeric states in92Nb and102Rh

By means of the activation technique the excitation functions for the reactions⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb(10.15d),¹⁰³Rh(n,2n)^102mRh(2.9y), and¹⁰³Rh(n,2n)^102gRh(206d) were measured with an average total uncertainty of about ±8% between 10 and 20 MeV neutron energy. In addition the total⁹³Nb(n, 2n) cross-section was compared with the⁵⁹Co(n, 2n) cross-section at 16.8 MeV by direct neutron detection using the time-of-flight technique. The results are compared with statistical theory, especially with theoretical expectations for the isomeric cross-section ratios, which are only in reasonable agreement with the experiment if one assumes a ground state spinI _g=5 for⁹²Nb andI _g=2 for¹⁰²Rh.     

Deformation dependence of magnetic moments in the odd transitional nuclei117–125Te

The magnetic moments of the 5/2 ₁ ⁺ state in¹¹⁷Te at 274.4 keV and of the 7/2 ₁ ⁺ state in¹²¹Te at 443.1 keV have been determined asμ _exp(5/2⁺)=?0.75(5)n.m. andμ _exp(7/2⁺)=+0.63(7) n.m., respectively, using the TDPAD method and the reactions^115,119Sn(α,2n)^117,121Te. An evaluation method is described which provides, in case of the normalized time differential patternR(t) exhibits less than half of an oscillation period, a unique value of the Larmor frequency. The comparison of the measured magnetic moments with Nilsson-, soft rotor Coriolis- as well as core-particle coupling calculations gives valuable hints on the shape dependence of magnetic moments and, consequently, on the deformation of different states in the odd transitional nuclei^117–125Te. In the light of the core-particle coupling model the positive parity states of¹¹⁷Te and¹²¹Te are interpreted as the members ofΔJ=1 andΔJ=2 bands built on thes _1/2,d _3/2,d _5/2 and g_7/2 single-particle states, respectively.     

Fragmented 2d 5/2, 1g 7/2 and 1g 9/2 deep proton-hole states of207TI

The three proton-hole states ?2d_5/2, 1g_7/2 and 1g_9/2 are found to be fragmented as a result of coupling of these states with the 3^?, 5^?, 2⁺, 4⁺ and 6⁺ collective states of²⁰⁸Pb. The excited states in²⁰⁸Pb (t,α) reaction can be quantitatively explained in terms of altered 2d_5/2, 1g_7/2 and 1g_9/2 states with the hole-core coupling model.     

Coupling effects of resonant and discretized non-resonant continuum states in4He +6Li scattering at 10 MeV/A

Alpha- particle scattering from the resonant (3 ₁ ⁺ ) and non-resonant continuum states of⁶Li is studied at incident energy 10 MeV/A. Theα+d breakup continuum part within the excitation energyE _ex=1.475–2.475 MeV is discretized in two energy bins. Unlike the results at higher incident energies, here the coupled-channel calculations show significant breakup continuum coupling effects on the elastic and inelastic scattering. It is shown that even when the continuum-continuum coupling effects are strong, the experimental data of the ground state and the resonant as well as discretized non-resonant continuum states impose stringent constraint on the coupling strengths of the non-resonant continuum states.     

Experimental investigation of highly excited states of the 5,6He and 5,6Li nuclei in the (6Li, 7Be) and (6Li, 7Li) one-nucleon pickup reactions

The (⁶Li, ⁷Be) and (⁶Li, ⁷Li) reactions on ⁶Li and ⁷Li nuclei were investigated in the angular interval 0°–20° in the laboratory system at a ⁶Li energy of 93 MeV. In addition to low-lying states of the ^5,6He and ^5,6Li nuclei, broad structures were observed near the t(³He)+d and t(³He)+t thresholds at the excitation energies of 16.75 (3/2⁺) and ～20 MeV (for ⁵He), 16.66 (3/2⁺) and ～20 MeV (⁵Li), 14.0 and 25 MeV (⁶He), and ～20 MeV (⁶Li). The angular distributions measured in the ⁷Li(⁶Li, ⁷Be)⁶He reaction for transitions to the ground state (0⁺) and excited states at E _x=1.8 MeV (2⁺) and 14.0 MeV of the ⁶He nucleus were analyzed by the finite-range distorted-wave method assuming the 1p-and 1s-proton pickup mechanism. The (⁶Li, ⁷Be) and (⁶Li, ⁷Li) reactions were shown to proceed predominantly through the one-step pickup mechanism, and the broad structures observed at high excitation energies are considered as quasimolecular states of the t(³He)+d and t(³He)+t types.     

New determination of the magnetic moment of the54Fe(2 1 + ) state at 1.408 MeV

Relative to the wellknowng-factor of⁵⁶Fe(2 ₁ ⁺ ) at 0.847 MeV, theg-factor of the⁵⁴Fe(2 ₁ ⁺ ) state at 1.408 MeV has been remeasured employing the technique of transient magnetic fields (TF) with the ions slowed down in ferromagnetic Gd host at initial velocities of 2.5 ν₀. Coulomb excitation on beams of^54,56Fe was accomplished with a Si target. The value obtained,g=1.05(17), is in excellent agreement with two previous results but disagrees with the value from a TF measurement where the ions passed through ferromagnetic Fe.     

Groundstate proton radioactivity of nuclei in the tin region

Proton radioactivities with decay energies of (0.98±0.08) MeV and (0.83±0.08) MeV were produced by the fusion reactions⁵⁸Ni+⁵⁸Ni→¹¹⁶Ba ? and⁵⁸Ni+⁵⁴Fe→¹¹²Xe ?, and their halflives were measured to be (33±7) μs and (109±17) μs, respectively. The intensities of the lines correspond to production cross sections of about 30 μb and 40 μb. The two activities are assigned to the direct proton decay of¹¹³Cs and¹⁰⁹I. The measured halflives are compared with values calculated ford _5/2 andg _7/2 groundstates of¹⁰⁹I and¹¹³Cs and spectroscopic factors are deduced for the decays. An extensive search for the proton decay of¹⁰⁵Sb, produced in the reaction⁵⁰Cr(⁵⁸Ni,p2 n)¹⁰⁵Sb, had a negative result, excluding decay energies between 0.5 MeV and 1.5 MeV for halflives between 10 ns and 5 s.     

Structure of the mirror nuclei21Ne and21Na

Theγ-decay of levels in²¹Ne up to 10 MeV excitation energy has been investigated byn — γ coincidence measurements initiated with the¹⁸O(α, nγ) reaction at 12, 13, 14.5 and 15.4 MeV bombarding energies. Spin(-parity) assignments of excited states are obtained by combining then — γ angular correlation measurements performed atE _α=11, 11.82 and 13.6 MeV with a consideration of lifetimes, neutron penetrabilities of the unbound states, and information from the mirror nucleus²¹Na. The resulting values of E_x[keV]?J ^π are as follows: 4525-5⁺, 4686-3⁺, 5431-7⁺, 5549-3⁺, 5819-7^?, 6175-7⁺, 6268-9⁺, 6550-9, 6639-9, 7006-7⁺, 7041-9, 7356-7 or 9, 7422-11^(?), 7648-7⁺, 7981-11 or (7⁺), 8154-9, 8240-11, 8664-9^? or 11 or 13^?, 9401-13^?, 9867-13^? or 15⁺, 9941-13^? or 15 or 17⁺. The assignment of mirror levels in²¹Ne —²¹Na has been extended to the 6175 keV level of²¹Ne. Excitation energies, electromagnetic properties, Gamow?Teller matrix elements and spectroscopic factors of positive parity states are compared with the results of shell-model calculations which employ a unifieds—d shell Hamiltonian and the unrestricted configuration space of the 0d _5/2 —1s _1/2—0d_3/2 shell. Collective properties contained in shell model wave functions are explored up to the termination of bands atJ=17/2 or 19/2. The spectrum of intruder states in²¹Ne is observed to begin with a 5628 keV,J ^π=7/2⁺ state. The 7422, 8664 and 9401 keV levels are assigned as members of previously established negative-parity rotational bands.     

Shell model and octupole states in148Gd from in-beam experiments

Through (α, 4n) and (τ, 3n) reactions the high-spin states in the two-neutron nucleus¹⁴⁸Gd were populated up toI ^π=21? at 7.2 MeV, including numerous states above the yrast line. The¹⁴⁸Gd energy spectrum is interpreted in terms of the spherical shell model. Identification of the (νf _7/2 i _{1 3/2})_10? state gives the νi _13/2 single particle energy free of octupole admixtures as 2.1(1) MeV. Eight high-spin states between 1.2 and 3.7 MeV were identified as the couplings of the two valence-particles to the¹⁴⁶Gd octupole phonon, and three above-lying levels are assigned as double-octupole excitations including a 12⁺ state which decays by anE3-E3 stretched cascade. All these octupole levels can be quantitatively predicted from the one-particle x phonon spectrum of¹⁴⁷Gd. The high-spin states above 3 MeV are four-quasiparticle excitations ofπ ⁺¹ π ^?1 ν ² andπ ² ν ² type and their energies are in good accord with shell model estimates.     

Spins and parities of hole states in25Na and25Mg

Angular distributions of differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers were measured forl=0, 1 and 2 transitions induced by the \(^{26} Mg\left( {\overrightarrow d ,\tau } \right)^{25} Na\) reaction at 52 MeV. The following spins and parities of final states in²⁵Na were deduced:J ^π =1/2⁺ (1.069 MeV), 3/2⁺ (2.202 MeV), 5/2⁺ (2.914 MeV), 1/2^? (3.995 MeV) and 3/2^? (5.190, 5.690, 6.549 and 7.603 MeV). The DWBA analysis of proton and neutron pick-up spectra obtained from a parallel measurement of the²⁶Mg(d, τ)²⁵Na and²⁶Mg(d, t)²⁵Mg reactions allows the identification ofT=3/2 analog states in²⁵Mg. Interpretation in terms of the Nilsson model of energies and spectroscopic factors of the first 1/2^? and 3/2^? hole states observed in proton pick-up reactions from even 1d _5/2- shell nuclei indicates a close correspondence of the final state deformations with those of the first excited 2⁺ states in the target nuclei.     

Identification of a 3.2μs isomer in76Rb

Fusion evaporation reactions were investigated to search for short lived isomeric states of nuclei near the proton drip line. Gamma spectra were measured, both singles and in delayed coincidence with evaporation residues implanted into a silicon detector after a velocity separation. A short lived activity was measured in the⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca →⁸⁰Zr^* reaction at excitation energies between 55 and 79 MeV. A half-life of 3.20 (10) μs was determined from delayed coincidences between evaporation residues and gamma rays. AtE ^*=55 MeV the cross section is 9 mb. The activity was assigned to an isomeric state in⁷⁶Rb by investigation of excitation functions. The isomer decays by emission of four gamma rays with energies of 70.55(5), 101.30(4), 145.11 (5), and 246.32(10) keV. A first level scheme is proposed assigning to the isomeric state an energy of 316.94(7) keV above the ground state. The isomer decaying into the low spin 1^(?) ground state band is explained from systematics as a band head of a high spin (4⁺) (πg_9/2,νg_9/2) structure. A high hindrance factor of 3×10⁶ forE1 radiation compared to a single particle transition is due possibly to a change of the core particle structure in the transition.