Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Myrcia multiflora and Eugenia florida Essential Oils

The essential oils of three specimens of Myrcia multiflora (A, B and C) and Eugenia florida were extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compositions from the essential oils were identified by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (CG/MS and CG-FID). The fungicide potential of the EOs against five fungicide yeasts was assessed: Candida albicans INCQS-40175, C. tropicalis ATCC 6258, C. famata ATCC 62894, C. krusei ATCC 13803 and C. auris IEC-01. The essential oil of the specimen Myrcia multiflora (A) was characterized by the major compounds: α-bulnesene (26.79%), pogostol (21.27%) and δ-amorphene (6.76%). The essential oil of the specimen M. multiflora (B) was rich in (E)-nerolidol (44.4%), (E)-γ-bisabolene (10.64%) and (E,E)-α-farnesene (8.19%), while (E)-nerolidol (92.21%) was the majority of the specimen M. multiflora (C). The sesquiterpenes seline-3,11-dien-6-α-ol (12.93%), eremoligenol (11%) and γ-elemene (10.70%) characterized the chemical profile of the EOs of E. florida. The fungal species were sensitive to the essential oil of M. multiflora (B) (9–11 mm), and the lowest inhibitory concentration (0.07%) was observed in the essential oil of M. multiflora (A) against the yeasts of C. famata. Fungicidal action was observed in the essential oils of M. multiflora (A) against C. famata, with an MIC of 0.78 µL/mL and 3.12 µL/mL; C. albicans, with an MFC of 50 µL/mL and M. multiflora (C) against C. albicans; and C. krusei, with a MFC of 50 µL/mL.     

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Two Specimens of Eugenia florida DC.

Eugenia florida DC. belongs to the Myrtaceae family, which is present in almost all of Brazil. This species is popularly known as pitanga-preta or guamirim and is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems. In this study, two specimens of Eugenia florida (Efl) were collected in different areas of the same region. Specimen A (EflA) was collected in an area of secondary forest (capoeira), while specimen B (EflB) was collected in a floodplain area. The essential oils (EOs) were extracted from both specimens of Eugenia florida by means of hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the volatile compounds present, and the antioxidant capacity of the EOs was determined by antioxidant capacity (AC-DPPH) and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant (TEAC) assay. For E. florida, limonene (11.98%), spathulenol (10.94%) and α-pinene (5.21%) were identified as the main compounds of the EO extracted from sample A, while sample B comprised selina-3,11-dien-6α-ol (12.03%), eremoligenol (11.0%) and γ-elemene (10.70%). This difference in chemical composition impacted the antioxidant activity of the EOs between the studied samples, especially in sample B of E. florida. This study is the first to report on the antioxidant activity of Eugenia florida DC. essential oils.     

过渡金属离子对漆酶催化活性的影响

以2,2＿连氮＿双(3＿乙基苯并噻唑＿6＿磺酸)(ABTS)为底物,在pH＝4.5的条件下,用分光光度法考察了5种金属离子(Fe2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Cu2+)对漆酶催化活性的影响。实验发现Fe2+对漆酶的催化活性显示出抑制作用,并进一步探讨了其抑制特征、抑制位点和作用方式。结果表明,Fe2+对漆酶催化活性抑制属竞争性抑制过程,抑制作用是通过还原ABTS·来实现的。     

Effect of the Inducers Veratryl Alcohol, Xylidine, and Ligninosulphonates on Activity and Thermal Stability and Inactivation Kinetics of Laccase from Trametes versicolor

Laccase production from Trametes versicolor was improved in the presence of the inducers ligninosulphonates, veratryl alcohol, and xylidine respectively two-, four-, and eightfold. The thermal inactivation of the produced laccase, after partial purification with ammonium sulfate was kinetically investigated at various temperatures (60?C70?°C) and pH values (3.5, 4.5, and 5.5). The inactivation process followed first-order kinetics for all conditions tested, except for veratryl alcohol, for which a constant activity level was observed at the end of the inactivation, also after first-order decay. Enzyme thermostability was affected by the type of inducer used in the culture medium for the production of laccase and also by the pH of incubation mixture. Generally, laccase stability increased with pH increment, being more stable at pH?5.5, except with xylidine. At pHs?4.5 and 5.5, the three inducers significantly increased laccase thermal stability, with the higher effect being observed for pH?5.5 and ligninosulphonates, where increment of half-life times ranged from 3- to 20-fold, depending on the temperature.     

Antimicrobial and Antineoplasic Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the antimicrobial and antineoplasic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833. To study the antimicrobial activity, the following extracts were prepared: water infusion of the fresh fruiting bodies (B1), dehydrated fruiting bodies (B2), fresh mycelium (M1), and dehydrated mycelium (M2). Polysaccharides from the fresh mycelium were also obtained by water infusion followed by ethanol treatment (EP). The extracts were tested against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. To investigate the antineoplasic effect of P. ostreatus, the culture broth in natura, the extract from the culture broth (ECB), and the extract from the fruiting bodies were tested in female Swiss albino mice inoculated with the Ehrlich ascitic tumor (EAT). B1, B2, and M1 showed more than 50.0% inhibition against C. albicans. M2 presented a high degree of inhibition against E. coli (87.5%) and B. subtilis (57.5%), while EP was not effective. All the tested substances inhibited the development of EAT at levels near 70% when injected intraperitoneally in mice. The highest tumor inhibition (76%) was achieved for the treatment with ECB. The intragastric treatment did not promote any reduction in tumor cell development, independent of the test substance.     

杏鲍菇多糖WPP2的结构表征及抗肿瘤活性

采用热水浸提法从杏鲍菇中提取粗多糖, 经纯化得到一种新的多糖WPP2.通过紫外光谱、色谱、质谱、核磁共振、红外光谱、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等技术相结合的方法, 对WPP2结构进行了表征, 并对其体外抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性进行了初步探讨.结果表明, WPP2的平均分子量为4.499×10⁵, 主要由Glc组成, 每个重复单元存在2条支链,→1,2,3)-β-D-Manp和→1,2,6)-β-D-Manp位于支链位点, 支链由→1,6)-β-D-Glcp和→1,6)-β-D-Galp构成, 非还原末端基为→1)-β-D-Glcp, 主链主要由→1,3)-β-D-Glcp,→1,6)-β-D-Galp和→1,3)-β-D-Manp糖残基组成.刚果红实验结果表明其具有三螺旋结构; 用ESEM和AFM首次在纳米尺度观察到WPP2具有多分枝结构; 活性实验结果表明WPP2具有一定的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性.     

丁二酸酐修饰对漆酶稳定性和除酚效率的影响(英文)

采用(NH4)2SO4分步沉淀法对诺维信中国公司生产的漆酶制剂DeniLiteIIS进行了纯化,并用丁二酸酐(SA)对纯化酶进行了化学修饰,运用三硝基苯磺酸法、紫外光谱法及荧光光谱法对修饰效果进行了初步表征,比较了天然酶和修饰酶的pH稳定性、热稳定性及除酚效率.结果表明,修饰酶的平均氨基修饰度为85%,其紫外吸收峰和荧光发射峰均出现蓝移,而且紫外吸收减小、荧光强度增加.尽管采用SA化学修饰未能改变漆酶的最适反应温度,但使其最适反应pH值由4.5提高到5.5,并且使酶活提高60%.与天然酶相比,修饰酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性更高,催化效率(kcat)和酶与底物的亲和力(kcat/Km)分别提高了53%和122%,对邻、间和对苯二酚的除酚效率分别提高了48%,57%和18%.这预示着这些修饰漆酶可望应用于工业生产和酚类污染废水的治理.     

壳寡糖化学修饰对云芝漆酶催化活性和酶学性质的影响

利用壳寡糖(COS)对纯化后的云芝漆酶(EC1.10.3.2)进行化学修饰以改善其活性和稳定性.最优化学修饰条件:温度5℃,pH=4.0,100mgNaIO4,20mgCOS.在此条件下得到的修饰酶(COS-TvL)的活性(456.00U/mg)为天然酶(TvL)活性(314.39U/mg)的145.04%.十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDSPAGE)结果表明,TvL的3条肽链相对分子质量为58100,45200和21600,而COS-TvL的3条肽链相对分子质量为62900,53300和39700,说明酶分子修饰成功,氨基修饰率为30.7%.TvL的最适pH值在4.0附近,而COS-TvL的最适pH值在3.5~4.0之间.TvL的最适温度为40℃,而COS-TvL的最适温度为45℃.动力学研究结果显示,TvL的Km=9.929mmol/L,vmax=714.29mmol/(mg·min);而COS-TvL的Km=8.989mmol/L,vmax=1250mmol/(mg·min).通过红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱、紫外差示光谱和荧光发射光谱对TvL和COS-TvL进行了结构表征.     

蠕虫状孔道介孔SiO2的合成及其固定化漆酶的活性

以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物(P123)与离子型助表面活性剂{十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)或N-肉豆蔻酰-D-丙氨酸(C14-D-A)}为结构导向剂,合成了蠕虫状孔道的介孔SiO2,并在P123/C14-D-A/TMAPS(N-三甲氧基硅丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵)合成反应体系中,研究了扩孔剂聚乙二醇(PEG)-400的不同添加量对蠕虫状孔道的扩孔效果.合成的产物分别用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和N2吸附进行表征.此外,利用溶剂萃取法对扩孔后的蠕虫状介孔SiO2进行处理,得到不同孔径的季铵盐官能团化介孔SiO2,分别用于漆酶的固定化;并对固定化酶的稳定性、所需的最佳pH值以及降解2,4-DCP的重复利用性进行了研究.通过比较研究发现,介孔SiO2孔径与漆酶分子直径的匹配性是影响固定化漆酶比活及降解2,4-DCP效率的重要因素.     

Elimination of Estrogenic Activity of Thermal Paper Using Laccase from Trichoderma sp NFCCI-2745

In thermal printing, bisphenol A (BPA) functions chemically as a developer and reacts with white or colorless dyes in the presence of heat, converting them to a dark color. BPA can transfer readily to skin in small amounts from these papers. Its damage to environment and organisms has caused an extensive concern. In the present study, thermal paper used at the local automated teller machine counters of India were analyzed for the presence of BPA, and the capability of the paper to produce estrogenicity were assessed using a yeast two-hybrid assay experimental system. The study also focused on eliminating the endocrine-disrupting properties with partially purified laccase from newly isolated ascomycete fungi. The results indicate that these papers can produce estrogen hormone-like effect on experimental systems. It should be noted that on a daily basis, tons of such receipts are being dumped in the environment. Estrogenic properties of thermal paper were effectively removed from the reaction mixture within 3 h of incubation with the partially purified enzyme. We propose the utilization of waste thermal paper as a cheap substrate for laccase production for a safer and cleaner environment.     

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil from Rhododendron anwheiense Flowers

Chemistry of Natural Compounds -     

Constituent Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Cnidium dahuricum

Chemistry of Natural Compounds -     

Larvicide Activity on Aedes aegypti of Essential Oil Nanoemulsion from the Protium heptaphyllum Resin

The aim of this work was to prepare a nanoemulsion containing the essential oil of Protium heptaphyllum resin and to evaluate the larvicidal activity and the residual larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti. The essential oil was identified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, and the nanoemulsions were prepared using a low-energy method and characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy. The results indicated the major constituents as p-cimene (27.70%) and α-Pinene (22.31%). Nanoemulsions had kinetic stability and a monomodal distribution in a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 14 with particle diameters of 115.56 ± 1.68 nn and zeta potential of −29.63 ± 3.46 mV. The nanoemulsion showed larvicidal action with LC₅₀ = 2.91 µg∙mL⁻¹ and residual larvicidal effect for 72 h after application to A. aegypti larvae. Consequently, the nanobiotechnological product derived from the essential oil of P. heptaphyllum resin could be used against infectious disease vectors.