应用MRI研究CO2在癸烷中的扩散

应用核磁共振成像(MRI)技术可视化研究CO₂在癸烷中的扩散,在MRI系统采集图像的同时,应用双室压力衰减法（PVT法）监测压力,通过对MRI图像进行信号强度分析,可得到CO₂的无量纲浓度分布,然后基于菲克定律应用有限体积法可计算得出与扩散距离和扩散时间有关的扩散系数,并可得到任意扩散时间范围内的整体平均扩散系数,MRI方法得出的扩散平衡时间范围内的整体平均扩散系数与PVT法相比较误差为2.7%,并且与相似条件下的前人实验结论具有相同的数量级(10^–9)．根据实验结果得出,扩散系数沿扩散方向下降且随时间以指数形式降低,整体平均扩散系数随扩散时间的增加而减小．     

Synthesis of Polypropylene/Attapulgite Nanocomposites and Their Crystallization Behavior Studied by Step-Scan DSC

Attapulgite (AT) was modified by grafting with butyl acrylate (BA) via polymerizations initiated by Gamma radiation. Polypropylene (PP)/AT nanocomposites were synthesized via melt extrusion in a twin-screw extruder. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to assess the structure of the hybrid materials and the dispersion of AT was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallization kinetics of PP/AT nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and analyzed by using the Avrami method. The isothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the addition of AT increased both the crystallization rate and the isothermal Avrami exponent of PP. Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC) was used to study the influence of AT on the crystallization and subsequent melting behavior. The results revealed that PP and PP/AT nanocomposites experienced multiple melting and secondary crystallization processes during heating. The melting behaviors of PP and PP/AT nanocomposites varied with the variation of crystallization temperature and AT content.     

高剂量Ar离子辐照Si缺陷产生及其退火行为EPR研究

112MeVAr离子在50K以下的低温辐照Si到8×10¹⁴/cm²剂量,室温下采用电子顺磁共振技术分析了由辐照引起的缺陷产生及其退火行为,结果表明:Ar离子辐照在Si中引起了中性四空位(Si-P3心)､带正电荷的〈100〉劈裂的双间隙子(Si-P6心)以及连续的非晶层3种缺陷的形成. 在200℃的退火温度,Si-P3心和Si-P6心消失,这时带负电荷的五空位(Si-P1心)开始生长,Si-P1心可以保持到550℃左右的退火温度. 在350℃时,可以明显地观测到另一个含有更多空位的顺磁缺陷心(Si-A11心).连续非晶层的再结晶需要600℃以上的温度,并且在整个退火过程中,非晶顺磁共振线的线型和线宽保持不变. 定性地讨论了结果.     

Preparation and In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) by Direct-Melt Polycondensation

Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)copolymer (85/15) was prepared by direct-melt polycondensation instead of a ring-opening process. The polymer samples were hydrolyzed at 37°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for periods up to 10 weeks and the degradation behavior was characterized through weight average molecular mass change, mass loss, water uptake, and morphology. The results indicate that mass loss, weight average molecular mass, and water uptake of PLGA increase with increasing time; however, pH value of the PBS solution decreases. The degradation is heterogeneous—degradation in their central parts was faster than in the surface and regions due to the increased concentration of the acidic degradation products inside.     

Behavior of a High Current Vacuum Arc between Hollow Cylindrical Electrodes in a Radial Magnetic Field

Experimental observations were conducted on the behavior of a high current vacuum arc on cylindrical electrodes in a radial magnetic field. The arc was sustained between the ends of two cylindrical Cu electrodes, 54-mm diam and 1.5-mm wall thickness separated by 5 mm. Arc current pulses with peak values in the range 4-15 kA with a half amplitude full width (HAFW) duration of 8 ms were investigated with radial magnetic fields proportional to the instantaneous current with proportionality constants of 4.0 and 6.5 × 10-6 T/A. The arcs were photographed simultaneously with a streak camera and by a high speed framing camera and the arc voltage was recorded on a digitizing transient recorder. The results indicated that the arc in this geometry, both with and without an imposed radial magnetic field, can be characterized by three development stages: a) arc formation, b) diffuse arc along the electrode perimeter, and c) simultaneous existence of several concentrated arc columns. When a radial magnetic field was imposed two changes were noted: 1) the arc appeared somewhat more distributed in that a greater number of constricted columns were observed, and they were distributed more evenly; and 2) the constricted columns moved in the J? × B? direction with velocities in the range 5-35 m/s.     

变温过程中二甲基亚砜与水之间氢键行为的拉曼光谱研究

测量了在降温过程中体积比为1∶1的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)水溶液的拉曼光谱,并对DMSO水溶液的拉曼光谱进行了归属。对实验数据进行分析发现: 在降温过程中DMSO分子与水分子的分子间氢键、DMSO分子与DMSO分子和水分子与水分子间氢键的作用行为引起了DMSO的SO双键和水分子的O—H键的拉曼谱带的变化。进一步分析表明：在27～-30 ℃降温过程DMSO与水之间氢键加强,-30～-60 ℃降温过程水与水之间氢键代替DMSO与水之间的氢键。这为丰富水溶液的氢键理论提供了实验依据。     

Viscoelastic Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-Co-Methyl Acrylate) Random Copolymer Studied by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Nanoindentation

The viscoelastic behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) homopolymer and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate) random copolymers was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis and nanoindentation. Differential scanning calorimetric results showed only one glass transition, indicating the random distribution of comonomers in the copolymers. The α relaxation temperature (T_α) and activation energy (H_α) decreased with increasing content of methyl acrylate monomers (C_MA%). The β relaxation temperature (T_β) also decreased whereas the activation energy (H_β) showed only small variations compared with H_α. Moreover, the indention displacement and creep compliance strongly depended on C_MA%. Two creep stages were found in the creep compliance curves.     

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Attapulgite Nanocomposites Studied by Step-scan DSC

The crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/attapulgite (AT) nanocomposites and their melting behaviors after isothermal crystallization from the melt were investigated by DSC and analyzed using the Avrami method. The isothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the addition of AT increased both the crystallization rate and the isothermal Avrami exponent of PET. Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the influence of AT on the crystallization and subsequent melting behavior in conjunction with conventional DSC. The results revealed that PET and PET/AT nanocomposites experience multiple melting and secondary crystallization processes during heating. The melting behaviors of PET and PET/AT nanocomposites varied in accordance with the crystallization temperature and shifted to higher temperature with the increase of AT content and isothermal crystallization temperature. The main effect of AT nanoparticles on the crystallization of PET was to improve the perfection of PET crystals and weaken its recrystallization behavior.     

丽江玛咖的营养成分分析及多糖体外的抗氧化作用

对丽江种植区玛咖（Lepidium meyenii Walp）的营养成分进行分析,其含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素、脂肪酸和氨基酸等,并通过试验证明玛咖多糖体外具有一定的抗氧化保健作用,为丽江玛咖成功引种和进一步的研究开发提供依据.     

Global Behavior of Field Line and Particle Diffusion in a Stochastic Magnetic Field

Global behavior of field line diffusion in a stochastic magnetic field is obtained. Stochastic motion of particles undergoing mutural random collisions in the stochastic magnetic field is studied for the whole time range. The field line as wel as the particle diffusion coefficients are calculated to the sixth order of the relative magnitude of the fluctuating magnetic field.     

Magnetic Transitions in Fe 3 Pt Invar Alloy Under High Pressure and Temperature Studied by Inelastic X-ray Scattering

The magnetic properties of the Invar alloy Fe 72 Pt 28 have been investigated by X-ray emission spectroscopy as a function of temperature up to 900 K and pressure up to 25 GPa. With increasing temperature and pressure, the amplitude of the Fe local moment, deduced from the Fe K g line satellite intensity, is reduced. Both the temperature and pressure dependence are interpreted in terms of transitions from a high-spin state to a low-spin state. This behavior provides a microscopic picture of the Fe magnetism in Invar alloys in agreement with the 2 n state model.     

同步荧光结合主成分与二维相关研究盐碱性土溶解性有机质组成与结构特征

为解决同步荧光光谱(SFS)荧光峰重叠而产生的应用局限性,应用同步荧光技术结合二维相关与主成分等方法,对重叠峰进行解析,研究土壤溶解性有机质(SDOM)组成与结构特征。选取河套灌区典型常见的芦苇、白杨、玉米、籽瓜等四种植被覆盖的土壤为研究对象,采集四个样点的土样,每个样点按0~20,20~40,40~60和60~80 cm等四层采集植被下土壤,共计16个土样,提取溶解性有机质,检测SFS。结果表明瓜地和玉米地SDOM荧光强度大于林地和芦苇地SDOM的荧光强度,瓜地SDOM荧光强度随着土层深度的增大而增大,而其他三种植被SDOM的荧光强度随着土壤深度的增大而减小,表明瓜地水浇过程中土层以淋溶作用为主,而其他土层以渗滤作用为主。应用主成分分析方法(PCA),识别出酪氨酸、色氨酸、微生物代谢产物、富里酸和胡敏酸等5种荧光组分,酪氨酸荧光峰出现了红移现象,表明瓜地土壤中的酪氨酸荧光强度明显高于其他三种植被土壤。基于二维相关光谱分析,芦苇土壤中的色氨酸与微生物代谢产物呈正相关变化趋势,光谱波段先后变化顺序为370 nm→337 nm→290 nm,表明组分变化顺序为富里酸→微生物代谢产物→色氨酸;玉米土壤中富里酸与胡敏酸呈正相关,波段变化顺序为318 nm→350 nm→420 nm→274 nm,表明组分变化顺序为微生物代谢产物→富里酸→胡敏酸→酪氨酸;林地土壤中酪氨酸、富里酸和胡敏酸呈正相关,波段变化顺序为270 nm→392 nm→426 nm→305 nm→337 nm,表明组分变化顺序为酪氨酸→富里酸→胡敏酸→色氨酸→微生物代谢产物;瓜地土壤中富里酸与胡敏酸呈正相关,而与酪氨酸呈负相关,波段变化顺序为410 nm→355 nm→334 nm→309 nm→275 nm,表明组分变化顺序为胡敏酸→富里酸→微生物代谢产物→色氨酸→酪氨酸。因此,运用SFS结合PCA与二维相关光谱分析SDOM的荧光光谱特征,识别荧光组分,揭示荧光组分的空间变化规律具有十分显著的效果。     

用于测量高功率激光远场光强空间分布的小畸变光强衰减与成像系统研究

介绍了用于测量星光装置激光远场空间分布的高衰减倍率与成像系统。它是高功率激光产时监测系统的组成部分。衰减器减倍数可以在１０＾－２－－１０＾－１２间变化，衰减成 给定条件下引入的附以像差被控制在２倍衍射极限之内，总的波像差小于２λ／３。     

大视场宽谱段高分辨率分波段机载紫外-可见光成像光谱仪设计

紫外-可见光(200～500 nm)成像光谱仪是空间遥感的重要组成部分,本文基于机载紫外-可见成像光谱仪的特殊性和实际应用要求,提出了一种采用面阵CCD的摆扫式成像光谱仪,这样既克服了传统线阵CCD摆扫式成像光谱仪空间分辨率低的缺点,同时又弥补了推扫式成像光谱仪视场范围有限的缺点,能够满足大视场、宽谱段、高分辨率成像光谱仪的应用要求;此外,考虑400～500 nm波段中200～250 nm波段二级光谱的影响和<290 nm的短波区和>310 nm的长波区两个波段相差3个数量级的辐射波动,采用了分波段、分系统的方式独立进行消杂光光谱成像。在系统结构设计方面,本着高性能、低成本的设计理念,选用了两镜同心系统作为望远系统,Czerny-Turner平面光栅结构作为成像光谱仪系统的光学设计方案;设计了一种不使用任何辅助光学元件,全部采用球面镜结构的成像光谱仪。整个系统结构简单、紧凑,性能优良, 可行性好。全谱段、全视场调制传递函数值在0.6以上。     

葛酒中葛根素及其挥发性成分分析

HPL C法定量测定了葛酒中葛根素的含量 ,葛酒中含有一定量的异黄酮类化合物葛根素 ,相同品牌不同生产批号葛酒中的葛根素含量相对稳定 ,可作为葛酒质量控制的分析方法。对葛酒中挥发性成分采用气相色谱 -质谱 (GC- MS)联机进行定性分析 ,鉴定出 10个组分。与白酒中挥发性成分比较 ,葛酒中除了含有己酸乙酯等白酒中具有的相同成分之外 ,还含有酸、酮等化合物 ,与传统的白酒工艺相比 ,葛酒的酿造过程具有一定特色。     

Identification of Above-Threshold Ionization by Imaging Photoelectrons from Ammonia Molecules in an Intense Femtosecond Laser Field

The above-threshold ionization process of ammonia molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field at 800 nm is studied in the intensity range from 1.6 × 10¹³ to 5.7 × 10¹³ W/cm². Channel switching under different laser intensities is observed and identified in the photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of ammonia. Based on the photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and the photoelectron angular distributions, the characteristic peaks observed are exclusively ass...     

氧气在梯度磁场中流动及扩散行为研究

氧气是顺磁性气体,氮气是抗磁性气体,其在梯度磁场中具有不同的磁特性。氮气与氧气在受到梯度磁场影响时,其流动及扩散情况会呈现不同的行为特性。本文建立多通道层叠磁体阵列结构试验系统,并根据高纯氮气在多通道层叠磁体阵列结构气流通道中流动时气体中氧含量的变化,进行空气中氧气以及高纯氮气在具有梯度磁场作用时的流动及扩散情况的研究...