光伏孤子对向传播相互作用研究

用数值方法研究了对向传播条件下不同频率的光伏孤子的相互作用行为.结果表明，两个不同频率的光伏孤子在对向传播相互作用过程中表现出不同的空间演化动力学特性.共轴对向传播时两孤子光场有着不同的会聚或发散行为，并且依赖于晶体长度；非共轴对向靠近传播孤子的会聚或发散作用有所减弱，但频率较大的孤子对频率较小的孤子有显著的吸引作用，使其发生横向偏移，孤子的演化方式也不同于同向传播的情形.     

光折变介质中空间光孤子自弯曲现象研究

光折变非线性介质在外加直流电压时会引起介质内部电荷移动,而移动后的电荷又会导致空间电荷的扩散效应,从而产生非局域非线性现象。从理论上研究了具有流动和扩散非局域非线性的光折变晶体中所支持的空间光学孤子的传播行为。应用等效粒子近似方法分析了这类介质中(1 1)维空间光学孤子动力学行为,得出孤子运动"加速度"显式解。孤子的有效"加速度"决定于孤子参量和光折变非局域参量。所得的解析结果可在一定参量范围内直接用来计算孤子的传播轨迹。对孤子在光折变非局域非线性作用下的传播动力学行为做了仿真模拟,数值模拟结果与理论分析结论符合得很好。     

计及次近邻非谐相互作用下原子链中的非线性元激发

利用多重尺度法，研究了谐振、非谐的近邻和次近邻相互作用下单原子链的晶格振动行为， 发现非传播孤子在单原子链Brillouin区的任何位置均有可能存在.与仅考虑最近邻相互作用 下的单原子链的孤子群速相比，此时链中孤子的群速在Brillouin中央增大且衰减得更快； 在Brillouin区会出现另一个群速为零的位置.同时，孤子的幅度也相应增大且最大幅度孤子 的位置趋向于Brillouin中央. 关键词： 单原子链 非谐次近邻相互作用 非传播的孤子     

超短激光脉冲在等离子体中的分裂以及类孤子结构的形成

用一维粒子模拟研究了超短脉冲在等离子体中传播时产生的光孤子结构以及由此形成的脉冲分裂现象，比较了不同峰值强度和脉冲宽度对形成光孤子以及脉冲传播方式的影响.研究表明: 脉冲宽度在若干个到十几个振荡周期的超短脉冲在等离子体中可能形成高速传播的光孤子；脉冲宽度增加和强度增大两种方式都可以使得孤子结构的传播速度减慢,且由于高阶孤子的衰变使得初始激光脉冲在等离子体中发生分裂，形成两个以不同速度向前传播的孤子结构.由孤子阶数的理论计算可较好地预言激光脉冲在等离子体中分裂的子脉冲数. 关键词： 光孤子 超短激光脉冲 等离子体 粒子模拟     

基于光折变双光束耦合的刚性全息明孤子的温度依赖特性研究

研究了基于双光束耦合的光折变耗散系统中全息明孤子的温度演化特性.数值计算结果表明，晶体温度与刚性全息孤子的稳定性密切相关.在一定温度下，全息孤子能在晶体中传播足够远的距离；当晶体温度漂移不大时，入射孤子能演化成稳定的全息孤子继续传播；而当晶体温度变化足够大时，孤子波强度随传播距离增加或减小，入射孤子不能以稳定的全息孤子态传播.讨论了将刚性全息孤子的温度特性应用于光学衰减、中继器件的可能性. 关键词： 空间光孤子 光折变非线性光学 耗散系统 全息聚焦     

暗-暗与亮-暗光伏孤子相互作用

用数值方法分析了平行传播异色光伏暗孤子之间及亮-暗孤子之间的相互作用.结果表明，光伏暗孤子共轴传播能在有限的距离内保持准孤子形态，靠近传播时存在着相互吸引的作用 ，而相距较远传播时表现为一孤子暗区使另一孤子的缓变光场部分发生局部会聚作用.光伏暗孤子与亮孤子的相互作用随距离的不同可使亮孤子光强分布变尖锐或变平缓，以及使亮孤子发生能量转移.从两束信号光共同引起折射率波导这一物理机理对光伏孤子这些相互作用给出定性物理解释. 关键词： 光伏空间孤子 暗孤子 亮孤子 相互作用     

量子孤子在光纤中的传播特性

利用线性近似和分步傅里叶变换法，分析了量子孤子在无耗光纤中的传播规律.量子孤子在光纤中的行为由量子非线性薛定谔方程（QNSE）描述,用线性近似法求解此方程，将量子噪声与经典部分分离，着重讨论了孤子量子噪声的演化行为，分析了高阶色散对噪声压缩的影响.结果表明：在较短的传输距离内，孤子的压缩性依然存在，但无论初始时压缩参数如何，随着传输距离的增加，压缩比会达到一个极限;在负色散区，三阶色散对压缩效应无影响.     

暗孤子耗散阻尼的周期补偿

用计算模拟方法研究了暗孤子在用光纤放大器周期补偿损耗的光纤中的传播。暗孤子对在这种系统中传播时，其亮背景会产生自激的噪声。与光纤放大器配合使用法布里－珀罗滤波器，可以消除这种噪声，有利于暗孤子的长距离稳定传播。     

周期量级超短激光脉冲在近临界密度等离子体中形成的光孤子

利用一维粒子模拟程序，观测到周期量级的超短激光脉冲在等离子体中可以以孤子形式传播.它在一定密度等离子体中以较高的群速度向前传播，并在到达等离子体与真空界面时发生反射和透射.当入射激光脉冲强度增大时，非线性调制效应使它产生较大的频率下移，致使光孤子传播速度变小.另外，对于同样光强下的几十个周期以上的光脉冲，它在等离子体中传播时形成的则是一连串低频的被捕获在等离子体中的光孤子. 关键词： 光孤子 超短激光脉冲 等离子体 粒子模拟     

扭结孤子牛顿动力学行为的奇异摄动理论

利用奇异摄动展开,发展了一种研究sine-Gordon扭结孤子动力学行为的理论,得到了在恒定外力作用下sine-Gordon扭结孤子类似于经典粒子,其运动遵守牛顿运动定律.同时,还得到了它在传播过程中所辐射的色散波的一个形式简单的解析表达式. 关键词： 扭结孤子 奇异摄动展开 动力学行为     

Carrier-envelope phase dependence of the duration of generated solitons for few-cycle rectangular laser pulses propagation

We investigate the nonlinear propagation of few-cycle rectangular laser pulses on resonant intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells using an iterative predictor–corrector finite-difference time-domain method. An initial 2π rectangular pulse will split into Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursors and a self-induced transparency soliton during the course of propagation. The duration of generated soliton depends on the carrier-envelope phase of the incident pulse. In our case, not only the near-resonant frequency components but also the low frequency components could contribute to the generation of the soliton pulse when the condition of multi-photon resonance is satisfied. The phase-sensitive property of the solitons results from the phase-dependent distribution of high and low frequency sidebands of few-cycle rectangular pulses.     

Nonlinearity management and diffraction management for the stabilization of two-dimensional spatial solitons

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation which governs the dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons in Kerr media with periodically varying diffraction and nonlinearity has been analyzed in this paper using variational approach and numerical studies. Analytical expressions for soliton parameters have been derived using variational analysis. Variational equations and partial differential equation have been simulated numerically. Analytical and numerical studies have shown that nonlinearity management and diffraction management stabilize the pulse against decay or collapse providing undisturbed propagation even for larger energies of the incident beam.     

X-ray Laue diffraction with allowance for second derivatives of amplitudes in dynamical diffraction equations

Asymmetrical Laue diffraction in a perfect crystal with a plane input surface is considered. The second derivatives of amplitudes in the direction, perpendicular to diffraction plane in the dynamical diffraction equations are taken into account. Using the corresponding Green function a general form of the amplitude of diffracted wave in the crystal is derived. The sizes of the source in both directions as well as the source-crystal distance and non-monochromaticity of the radiation incident on the crystal are considered. On the base of obtained expression the coherent properties of the field depending on sizes of source and on the width of the spectrum of the incident radiation are analyzed. Taking into account the second derivatives of amplitudes with respect to the direction, perpendicular to the diffraction plane, the time-dependent propagation equations for an X-ray pulse in a perfect crystal, are given.     

Propagation dynamics of nonlinear chirped optical laser pulses in a two-level medium

We investigate the propagation dynamics of nonlinear chirped optical laser pulses in a two-level medium. For certain chirp strength and chirp width, an incident 2π nonlinear chirped pulse will split into optical precursors and a stable self-induced transparency soliton. This is caused by the particular Fourier spectrum that includes not only central resonant frequency components but also high-frequency and low-frequency sidebands. Moreover, the effects of chirp parameters on the evolution of nonlinear chirped pulses are also discussed.     

Few-optical-cycle solitons and pulse self-compression in a Kerr medium

In a transparent medium with instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity we find a new class of few-optical-cycle solitons and prove them to be the fundamental structures in pulse propagation dynamics. We demonstrate numerically that in the asymptotic stage of pulse propagation the input pulse splits into isolated few-cycle solitons where the quantity and their parameters are determined by the initial pulse. We generalize the concept of the high-order Schr?dinger solitons to the few-cycle regime and show how it can be used for efficient pulse compression down to the single cycle duration.     

Diffraction of X‐ray free‐electron laser femtosecond pulses on single crystals in the Bragg and Laue geometry

A solution of the problem of dynamical diffraction for X‐ray pulses with arbitrary dimensions in the Bragg and Laue cases in a crystal of any thickness and asymmetry coefficient of reflection is presented. Analysis of pulse form and duration transformation in the process of diffraction and propagation in a vacuum is conducted. It is shown that only the symmetrical Bragg case can be used to avoid smearing of reflected pulses.     

Borman effect in resonant diffraction of X-rays

A dynamic theory of resonant diffraction (occurring when the energy of incident radiation is close to the energy of the absorption edge of an element in the composition of a given substance) of synchronous X-rays is developed in the two-wave approximation in the coplanar Laue geometry for large grazing angles in perfect crystals. A sharp decrease in the absorption coefficient in the substance with simultaneously satisfied diffraction conditions (Borman effect) is demonstrated, and the theoretical and first experimental results are compared. The calculations reveal the possibility of applying this approach in analyzing the quadrupole-quadrupole contribution to the absorption coefficient.     

吸收限附近GaAs在劳厄情况下的荧光溢出

利用同步辐射光源，在Ga和As的K吸收限之间调节入射X射线的能量时，在对称劳厄情况下，GaAs的(200)衍射峰附近可观测到从GaAs的入射面出射的Ga的K系荧光X射线.当入射X射线的能量改变时，荧光曲线的非对称性会发生变化，变化趋势与相应的对称布喇格情况相类似.但是，劳厄情况下的变化不能解释为晶体内部X射线驻波的波节面相对于GaAs(200)格子面的移动.在劳厄情况下，X射线驻波的振幅随入射角的变化与结构因子的相位密切相关，因此结构因子的相位变化也会导致荧光曲线的非对称性变化.在假设原子的荧光溢出与该原 关键词：     

New mechanism of solitons formation at diffraction on a periodic inhomogeneity induced in a cubic nonlinear medium

Formation of solitons during the propagation of the initial Gaussian pulse in a Kerr medium and its diffraction on the induced periodic layer structure are described using the computer simulation. Dependence of the characteristics and the number of the resulting solitons on the parameters of the structure is demonstrated.