加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱串联质谱法检测沉积物中痕量增塑剂

研究了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)对沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)物质的提取效果,建立了快速溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)检测沉积物中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的方法。用正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为提取溶剂,加速溶剂萃取法萃取沉积物中16种PAEs,再用Florisil层析柱净化,最后用GC/MS对净化后提取液中的PAEs进行定量分析。结果表明:当萃取剂为二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1,V/V),萃取温度为80℃时,萃取效率最高,16种PAEs的回收率稳定在81.2%～128.5%之间,相关系数≥0.99,检出限为0.12～0.98 ng/g,相对标准偏差为1.1%～10.8%。加速溶剂萃取法与传统索氏提取法相比,既提高了萃取效率同时又减少了有机萃取溶剂的用量。在检测实际样品时,同时加入3种内标指示剂对方法的性能进行了验证,3种内标的回收率分别为106.0%±18.8%,87.4%±10.8%和81.4%±14.5%,样品中16种PAEs的检出率为100%。前处理方法处理简单,定性与定量分析准确可靠。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定白洋淀水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱法(GC)分析环境水样中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的方法。选用100 μm聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)萃取纤维,在磁力搅拌条件下,对水样中的PAEs萃取富集60 min,然后直接注入GC进样口,在250 ℃温度下解吸4 min后进行分析测定,13种PAEs能得到充分提取和分离。方法的重现性(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计为0.2%～9.7%,检出限为0.02～0.83 μg/L。将本方法应用于白洋淀水样中PAEs的分析检测发现,样品中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)检出率相对较高。对水样进行两个浓度水平(2.5 μg/L和5.0 μg/L)的加标试验,加标回收率为75.3%～111.0%,RSD为2.1%～8.0%(n=3),能够满足环境水样中痕量PAEs的测定要求。     

应用磁性氧化石墨烯作为吸附分离净化剂-气相色谱-质谱法测定植物油中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量

气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定植物油中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(PAEs)的第一步是提取样品中的PAEs。取样品0.500 0g,加入正己烷100μL和乙腈2mL,超声提取5min,离心5min,收集上清液,于留存的下层液相中再加乙腈2mL,重复提取1次。所得上清液与第一次上清液合并在40℃氮吹蒸发至近干。于残渣中加入乙腈1mL使溶解。在此溶液中依次加入无水硫酸镁250mg,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)80mg和磁性氧化石墨烯50mg,超声萃取5min,通过外加磁场收集经净化的上清液,供GC-MS分析。在GC分析中,采用RXI-5si1MS色谱柱,按程序升温(在80～280℃区间)进行色谱分离,进样量为1μL。在MS分析中采用电子轰击离子源(EI)和选择离子监测(SIM)模式。用基质匹配法绘制标准曲线,测得16种PAEs的线性范围均在0.02～1.00mg·L~(-1)之间,其检出限(3S/N)为0.005～0.008mg·kg~(-1)。以空白植物油为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在82.2%～111%之间。16种PAEs测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.0%～7.2%之间。应用此方法分析了市购的5种植物油样品,并在样品中检出5种PAEs。     

GC-MS同时测定油脂性的食品及食品添加剂中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移物

采用气相色谱电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI-MS)技术同时分析油脂性食品及油脂性添加剂中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)环境激素的迁移量。以GC-EI-MS选择离子检测模式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析,优化出了油脂性基质的系统前处理方法。当样品的加标浓度水平分别为0.25和0.50 mg/kg时,加标回收率为58.9%～111.1%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～4.6%。16种PAEs在0.1～2.0 mg/L浓度范围内16种PAEs都呈现良好的线性关系,r为0.9960～0.9995,检测限(LOD)均为0.07～0.70μg/kg。方法已用于8批油脂性的食品和7批油脂性食品添加剂中16种痕量PAEs迁移物的分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量

应用气相色谱-质谱法测定了食品中17种危害人体健康的污染物-邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)塑化剂的含量。选择了白酒等12种不同类别的食物作为分析样品,样品的前处理参照国家标准GB 5009.271-2016中所述方法进行。选择正己烷作为溶剂提取样品中的PAEs,在30℃下超声提取30min。对一些基体效应较明显的样品(如菠菜、芹菜、芒果汁和奶粉等),需经N-丙基乙二胺和硅吸附剂复合填料(PSA/Silica)玻璃固相萃取柱净化处理,洗脱方法参照上述国家标准方法。色谱分离中选择非极性色谱柱(DB-5MS),并适当降低初始温度(60℃)和在60～290℃之间的程序升温速率。在此条件下,17种PAEs可得到很好的分离。质谱测定中采用电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。用外标法定量。结果表明:17种PAEs的质量浓度均在0.05～2.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.003～0.020mg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行加标回收试验,一些基质较复杂的样品(如奶粉、蔬菜等)的回收率偏高很多,而一些基质较简单的样品(如白酒、食醋等)的回收率则稍有偏高。其测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。另根据12种食品样品的分析结果,推测其中测出的PAEs可能来自生产过程中或之后的运输、包装等过程中接触了塑料制品所致。     

固相膜萃取-超声解吸-气相色谱-质谱法分析水中酞酸酯类化合物

酞酸酯(PAEs)是一种常用的增塑剂,由于其广泛应用已经对环境造成了污染.本研究建立了固相膜萃取-超声解吸-气相色谱-质谱分析水中酞酸酯类化合物的方法.对萃取条件、解吸条件进行了优化,确定了最佳的实验条件.在水浴温度40℃,超声功率50%的条件下超声7 min,测定水中PAEs的检出限(S/N>3)在0.05 ~0.26 μg/L之间;对不同基质空白样品进行加标回收实验,回收率在76.2%~112.3%之间,相对标准偏差小于10%.     

基于杯［6］芳烃萃取头的固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定啤酒中痕量的酞酸酯类化合物

选用自制杯［6］芳烃溶胶-凝胶固相微萃取(SPME)萃取头,建立了顶空SPME与气相色谱联用检测啤酒中8种酞酸酯(PAEs)的方法。采用L25(56)正交设计对萃取条件进行了优化,所得方法检出限为0.003～3.429 μg/L,相对标准偏差不超过13.5%,加标回收率为86.3%～109.3%。采用标准加入法对3种瓶装啤酒中PAEs进行了检测,结果表明邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)是啤酒中最主要的酞酸酯类污染物,含量最高达5.24 μg/L。迁移试验表明,瓶装啤酒所用塑料垫圈中高含量的DEHP可能成为酒体中PAEs的一种来源,且延长贮存时间、提高贮存温度和振荡都能加快垫圈中DEHP的迁移。     

离子液体和氯代溶剂分散液-液微萃取/高效液相色谱法联用富集和分析环境水样中酞酸酯类污染物的对比研究

以4种室温离子液体和4种氯代溶剂为萃取剂,与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用,对比研究了分散液-液微萃取(DLLME)对5种痕量酞酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的富集分离性能。以1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([OMim][PF6])和建议研究四氯化碳替代品为典型萃取溶剂优化了萃取条件。结果表明,在1.00～100μg/L范围内色谱峰面积与PAEs浓度成良好的线性关系(相关系数>0.995);对于10.0μg/L加标混合样品,平均加标回收率88.2%～103.3%,RSD在2.1%～6.8%之间(n=5),LOD在0.01～0.08μg/L范围内(S/N=3)。与四氯化碳相比,[OMim][PF6]作为DLLME的萃取溶剂对PAEs的富集倍数较高,水相盐效应影响较小。超声波辅助微萃取(USA)可在2 min达到平衡,建立的USA-DLLME-HPLC方法可用于黄河水样和城生活区污水样品中痕量PAEs的富集分离和测定。     

气相色谱-质谱联用同时测定蔬菜中16种邻苯二甲酸酯残留

研究了蔬菜中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)环境激素残留的气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI/MS)分析方法。优化了样品的前处理条件,以苯甲酸苄酯(BB)为内标物,采用GC-EI/MS的选择离子检测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。当蔬菜样品的加标浓度水平分别为100和200μg/kg时,加标回收率为70.9%~123.0%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~15%。除邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基已酯(DMEP)外,其它15种PAEs的方法检测限(MDL)均为0.11~2.77μg/kg。在50.0~800.0μg/kg浓度范围内16种PAEs都呈现良好的线性关系,r为0.99623~0.99998。方法已用于5种蔬菜中16种痕量PAEs残留的分析。     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆水中多氯联苯

提出了搅拌棒吸附萃取(SRAE)-气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆水中7种多氯联苯含量的方法。采用正交试验方法研究了萃取时间、分散剂种类及体积、热脱附时间及冷阱收集温度对萃取效率的影响。分析中采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱作为分离柱,质谱条件为电子轰击电离源全扫描监测模式。7种多氯联苯的峰面积与其质量分数在一定范围内呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在5～60ng.kg-1之间。分别在3个浓度水平对方法的回收率和精密度进行了试验,测得回收率在74%～107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%～16.9%之间。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水中46种半挥发性有机物

半挥发性有机物主要包括多环芳烃类(PAHs)、邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)、有机氯农药类(OCPs)和硝基苯类(NBs)等化合物,这些物质多具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用,以及内分泌干扰效应.因此,快速准确测定水中半挥发性有机物非常重要,目前国内尚无水中半挥发性有机物的检测标准.该研究从氮吹温度、水样pH值和萃取时间3个方面...     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴儿奶粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）测定复杂基体婴儿奶粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的分析方法。奶粉样品以水溶解均质,乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）类型玻璃固相萃取柱净化,DB-5 MS UI气相色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）分离,同位素稀释质谱法（IDMS）定量。比较了氧化铝/PSA和PSA两种固相萃取柱在不同洗脱条件下萃取16种塑化剂的回收率。最终选择PSA固相萃取柱,以正己烷-丙酮（60：40,v/v）作为洗脱溶剂,实现奶粉基体中16种塑化剂的净化。采用基质匹配同位素内标法定量,16种塑化剂在0.01~2.0 mg/kg范围内线性良好,线性相关系数（R²）大于0.9996,检出限和定量限分别是0.15~2.50 μg/kg和0.50~8.33 μg/kg,加标回收率为96.1%~104.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.3%（n=5）,该方法灵敏度好、精密度高,适用于婴儿奶粉基体中16种塑化剂的痕量分析。     

Solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters in water sample using different activated carbon-polymer monoliths as adsorbents

In this study, the application of different activated carbon-polymer (AC-polymer) monoliths as adsorbents for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water sample were investigated. The activated carbon (AC) was embedded in organic polymers, poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (poly(BMA-EDMA)) or poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(STY-DVB)), via a 5-min microwave-assisted or a 15-min water bath heating polymerization. Preliminary investigation on the performance of the native poly(BMA-EDMA) and poly(STY-DVB) demonstrated remarkable adsorption efficiencies for PAEs. However, due to the strong hydrophobic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the analytes and polymers, low extraction recoveries were achieved. In contrast, the presence of AC in native polymers not only enhanced the adsorption efficiencies but also assisted the PAE desorption, especially for AC-poly(STY-DVB) with extraction recovery ranged of 76.2–99.3%. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction recoveries for intra-, inter-day and column-to-column were in the range of 76.5–100.8% (<3.7% RSDs), 77.2–97.6% (<5.6% RSDs) and 75.5–99.7% (<6.2% RSDs), respectively. The developed AC-poly(STY-DVB) monolithic column showed good mechanical stability, which can be reused for more than 30 extraction times without any significant loss in the extraction recoveries of PAEs. The AC-poly(STY-DVB) monolithic column was successfully applied in SPME of PAEs in water sample with extraction recovery ranged of 78.8%–104.6% (<5.5% RSDs).     

超高效液相色谱法测定儿童指画印泥中柚皮苷和苯甲酸地那铵

儿童指画印泥样品用甲醇与0.02mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液以体积比3∶7组成的混合液超声萃取20min,冷却至室温,于16 000r·min^-1转速下离心15min,取上清液过0.22μm过滤膜过滤,采用超高效液相色谱法测定滤液中柚皮苷和苯甲酸地那铵的含量。以C18色谱柱为分离柱,用乙腈和pH 4.3的0.02mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器测定。柚皮苷和苯甲酸地那铵的质量浓度均在0.1~5.0mg·L^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.75,1.15mg·kg^-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为73.5%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.2%~6.6%。     

固相微革取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定海水与沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是塑化剂产品中使用最广泛的一类化合物,准确分析海洋中邻苯二甲酸酯的种类、组成及浓度水平,对认识PAEs在海洋环境的迁移变化及生态效应具有重要意义.本研究建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析海水与沉积物中PAEs的方法,确定了萃取时间、萃取温度等最佳实验条件.本方法测定海水与沉积物中PAEs含量的精密度为±10%,检出限分别为0.04~0.32 ng/L和0.12~1.60μg/kg;除邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)外,海水中PAEs回收率为68.0%~114.0%,沉积物中PAEs回收率为76.4%~105.0%.利用本方法测得长江口及其邻近海域水体与沉积物中PAEs的浓度分别为0.270~1.39μg/L和0.79~34.8μg/kg.实验表明,本方法操作简单,准确度高,大大缩减了海水萃取体积,能够应用于近岸海水与沉积物中PAEs含量的准确分析.     

Solute rejection by porous thin film composite nanofiltration membranes at high feed water recoveries

The authors developed a rigorous framework to model nanofiltration (NF) membrane selectivity at high feed water recoveries and verify it experimentally. The phenomenological model and the Donnan steric partitioning pore model (DSPM) were incorporated into a differential element approach for predicting removal of a variety of solutes from single salt solutions and natural water by NF membranes up to 90% feed water recovery in the temperature range 5-41 degrees C. In this approach, the entire membrane ensemble was divided into numerous sub-elements analogous to real-world full-scale NF installations, where concentrate (or reject) from one element feeds into the next element. Fundamental membrane properties (average pore radius, surface charge density, and ratio of thickness to porosity) and the reflection coefficient and permeability coefficient were first independently obtained for each solute-membrane-temperature combination using separate low recovery experiments with negligible concentration polarization and later used as model inputs to calculate solute removal in a purely predictive fashion for 5-90% recovery. This modeling approach accurately predicted removals from single salt solutions of NaCl and MgSO(4) as well as natural organic matter, disinfection by-product precursors, and several ions from pretreated Lake Houston water in a wide range of operating conditions demonstrating its use to simulate NF permeate water quality under real-world conditions of high feed water recovery.     

在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱测定水样中4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酯、邻苯二甲酸丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯)的新方法.样品由外加泵注入一根固相萃取小柱上进行富集,再将富集柱切换至高效液相色谱系统中,将富集在固相萃取小柱的邻苯二甲酸酯洗脱至分析柱进行分析.在线固相萃取柱为IonPac(...     

仿真饰品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的含量测定和迁移风险考察

建立了仿真饰品中14种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的含量和迁移量测定的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。考察了微波萃取、超声波萃取、快速溶剂萃取和索氏提取4种前处理方法对增塑剂含量测定的影响。在模拟人体温度及汗液环境下,考察了0～168 h内塑料仿真饰品中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)3种增塑剂的迁移风险。结果表明微波萃取法的提取效率优于其余3种方法。所建立方法的定量限为5 mg/kg (邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)为25 mg/kg),在0.1～50 mg/L(DINP、DIDP在0.5～250 mg/L)范围内,线性相关系数在0.99以上,在3个添加水平下的回收率在90.95%与98.67%之间。在模拟条件下,DEHP的迁移风险较高,浸泡72 h后约有0.75%溶出,而DBP和DOP的溶出风险较低。该法的灵敏度高、回收率高、选择性好,能满足实际工作的要求。     

Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Ubiquitous occurrences of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) or phthalates in a variety of consumer products have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, studies on their occurrence in various types of bottled drinks are limited. In this study, fifteen PAEs were analyzed in six categories of bottled drinks (n = 105) collected from the Chinese market, including mineral water, tea drinks, energy drinks, juice drinks, soft drinks, and beer. Among the 15 PAEs measured, DEHP was the most abundant phthalate with concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 41,000 ng/L at a detection rate (DR) of 96%, followed by DIBP (DR: 88%) and DBP (DR: 84%) with respective concentration ranges of below LOQ to 16,000 and to 4900 ng/L. At least one PAE was detected in each drink sample, and the sum concentrations of 15 PAEs ranged from 770 to 48,004 ng/L (median: 6286 ng/L). Significant differences with respect to both PAE concentrations and composition profiles were observed between different types of bottled drinks. The median sum concentration of 15 PAEs in soft drinks was over five times higher than that detected in mineral water; different from other drink types. Besides DEHP, DBIP, and DBP, a high concentration of BMEP was also detected in a tea drink. The estimated daily dietary intake of phthalates (EDI_drink) through the consumption of bottled drinks was calculated based on the concentrations measured and the daily ingestion rates of bottled drink items. The EDI_drink values for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BMEP, DAP, BEEP, BBP, DCP, DHP, BMPP, BBEP, DEHP, DOP, and DNP through the consumption of bottled mineral water (based on mean concentrations) were 0.45, 0.33, 12.5, 3.67, 2.10, 0.06, 0.32, 0.16, 0.10, 0.09, 0.05, 0.81, 112, 0.13, and 0.20 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively, for Chinese adults. Overall, the EDI_drink values calculated for phthalates through the consumption of bottled drinks were below the oral reference doses suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).