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1.
On the basis of the experimental data on diffractive processes in πp, pp and pˉp collisions at intermediate, moderately high and high energies, we restore the scattering amplitude related to the t-channel exchange by vacuum quantum numbers by taking account of the diffractive s-channel rescatterings. At intermediate and moderately high energies, the t-channel exchange amplitude turns, with a good accuracy, into an effective pomeron which renders the results of the additive
quark model. At superhigh energies the scattering amplitude provides a Froissart-type behaviour, with an asymptotic universality
of cross sections such as σtot
πp/σtot
pp→ 1 at s→∞. The quark structure of hadrons being taken into account at the level of constituent quarks, the cross sections of pion
and proton (antiproton) in the impact parameter space of quarks, σπ(r
1⊥, r
2⊥; s) and σp(r
1⊥, r
2⊥, r
3⊥; s), are found as functions of s. These cross sections implicate the phenomenon of colour screening: they tend to zero at |r
i⊥−r
k⊥|→ 0. The effective colour screening radius for pion (proton) is found for different s. The predictions for the diffractive cross sections at superhigh energies are presented.
Received: 15 December 1998 相似文献
2.
I. S. Dmitriev Ya. A. Teplova Yu. A. Fainberg 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》1999,89(5):830-836
The electron loss and electron capture cross sections σ
i,i+m and σ
i,i−m for boron ions and atoms traveling at the velocities V=1.19 and 1.83 a.u. in H2, He, N2, Ne, Ar, and Xe are measured. The known experimental data on these cross sections at velocities near the cross-section maximum
are analyzed. It is found that the electron loss cross sections can be described by a formula which was previously derived
in the free-collision approximation and takes into account features of both the ions and the ambient atoms. As the nuclear
charge Z
t of the ambient atoms increases, the cross sections vary nonmonotonically, increasing on average as Zt
t
1/2
. A formula based on the model of independent electrons is proposed for electron capture by ions with small values of the
charge i. It describes the dependence of the electron capture cross section σ
i,i−1 on the mean binding energy of an electron in an ion with the charge i−1. The total electron capture cross section σ
i,i−1 is proportional to the number of vacancies in the unfilled electron shell nearest the nucleus. The cross sections 0σ
i,i−1 exhibit substantially nonmonotonic variation with Z
t, increasing on average as Z
t
1/3
.
Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 1539–1550 (November 1999) 相似文献
3.
Yu. N. Uzikov 《JETP Letters》2005,81(7):303-306
It is shown that the differential cross sections of the reactions dd → n
3He and dd → p
3H measured at a c.m.s. scattering angle θcm = 60° in the interval of the deuteron beam energy 0.5–1.2 GeV demonstrate the scaling behavior dσ/dt ∼ s
−22, which follows from constituent quark counting rules. It is found also that the differential cross section of the elastic
dp → dp scattering at θcm = 125°–135° follows the scaling regime ∼s
−16 at beam energies 0.5–5 GeV. These data are parameterized here using the Reggeon exchange.
From Pis’ma v Zhurnal éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, Vol. 81, No. 7, 2005, pp. 387–390.
Original English Text Copyright ? 2005 by Uzikov.
This article was submitted by the author in English. 相似文献
4.
Andre Toom 《Journal of statistical physics》1997,88(1-2):347-364
We consider space- and time-uniformd-dimensional random processes with linear local interaction, which we call harnesses and which may be used as discrete mathematical
models of random interfaces. Their components are rea random variablesa
s
t
, wheres ∈ Z
d
andt=0, 1, 2.,... At every time step two events occur: first, every component turns into a linear combination of itsN neighbors, and second, a symmetric random i.i.d. “noise”v is added to every component. For any σ ∈Z
d
+
define Δσ
a′
s
as follows. If σ=(0,...,0), σ=(0,...,0), Δσ
a
s
t
=a
s
t
. Then by induction,
wheree
i is thed-dimensional vector, whoseith component is one and other components are zeros. Denote |σ| the sum of components of σ. Call a real random variable ϕ symmetric
if it is distributed as −ϕ. For any symmetric random variable ϕpower decay or P-decay is defined as the supremum of thoser for which therth absolute moment of ϕ is finite. Convergence a.s., in probability and in law whent→∞ is examined in terms of P-decay(v): Ifd=1, σ=0 ord=2, σ=(0,0), Δσ
a
s
t
diverges. In all the other cases: If P-decay(v)<(d+2)/(d+|σ|), Δσ
a
s
t
diverges; if P-decay(v)>(d+2)/(d+|σ|), Δσ
a
s
t
, converges and P-decay(ν) For any symmetric random variable ϕexponential decay or E-decay is defined as the supremum of thoser for which the expectation of exp(|x|r) is finite. Let E-decay(v)>0. Whenever Δσ
a
s
t
converges (that is, ifd>2 or |σ|>0: Ifd>2, E-decay(lima
s
t
)=min(E-decay(v),d+2/2); if |σ|=1, E-decay (lim Δσ
a
s
t
)=min(E-decay(ν),d+2); if |σ| ⩾, E-decay (lim Δσ
a
s
t
)=E-decay(ν). 相似文献
5.
The correlation between the deuteron quadrupole moment Q, the deuteron asymptotic D/S ratio η, and the deuteron asymptotic normalization constant AS is studied. For local nucleon-nucleon potentials, it was found that the quantities Q/η and A
S
2 are related by a linear equation. Owing to this, the deuteron quadrupole moment Q can be determined from known values of AS and η with an absolute precision of about 0.0003 fm2. The inclusion of the correction for meson-exchange currents and the use of the experimental neutron-proton phase shifts
from the GWU partial-wave analysis made it possible to estimate the deuteron quadrupole moment at Q = 0.2852 fm2, which is in good agreement with experimental data. 相似文献
6.
W. J. Kossler X. H. Yu A. Greer H. E. Schone C. E. Stronach M. Davis R. S. Cary J. E. Crow W. F. Lankford J. Oostens 《Hyperfine Interactions》1991,63(1-4):81-86
Transverse and zero-field μSR measurements were made on YBa2(Cu1−xNix)3O7−y withx=0.1 and 0.2, and YBa2(Cu1−x
Zn
x
)3O7−y
withx=0.03, 0.06, 0.1, and 0.16, wherey≈0.1. Since doping may lead to magnetic ordering this was searched for with both zero and transverse field μSR, but no evidence
was found over the temperature range studied: 10–100 K. However, depolarization rates as functions of temperature were obtained,
and the low temperature values of these are σ=3.2 μs−1.1.6μs−1, and 1 μs−1 forx=0.01, and 0.2 Ni, respectively, and σ=0.8 μs−1, 0.75 μs−1, 0.65 μs−1, and 0.4 μs−1 forx=0.03, 0.06, 0.1, and 0.16 Zn, respectively. Estimates for the effect of decreasing electron concentration for Zn are made,
but these alone do not account for the drop in σ. Estimates for the effect of scattering on λ and hence σ are made. The reduction
in σ for Ni dopant is in surprisingly good agreement with these estimates. For Zn the order of magnitude is correct, but the
relative lack of further change in σ after the effect of the first 0.03 addition seems to imply a saturation of the effect
of scattering. 相似文献
7.
8.
We have measured the absorption cross sections of oxygen molecules in oxygen and in an oxygen-argon mixture heated by a shock
wave, in the wavelength range 190–250 nm at temperatures of 1500–7000 K, for thermal equilibrium conditions behind the shock
wave front. Analysis of the absorption cross sections obtained allowed us to select a data set that adequately describes the
absorption characteristics of the electronic transition X3Σ
g
−
→ B3Σ
u
−
for the oxygen molecule.
In order to approximate the temperature dependence of these cross sections at a temperature of 1500–4500 K, we chose the function
σ(λ, T) = σ0(λ)(1 − exp (−θ/T)) exp (− n*θ/T) where θ0 = 1.4·10−17, 1.4·10−17, 1.2·10− 17, and 1.3·10−17 cm2, n* = 3.1, 4.1, 5.6, and 7.47 for wavelengths 190, 210, 230, and 250 nm, respectively; θ = 2240 K is the characteristic temperature
of the O2 molecules. The approximation error was 19–25% and did not exceed the experimental error.
__________
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 13–17, January–February, 2006. 相似文献
9.
The total cross sections for positron impact on hydrocarbons have been calculated using the additivity rule in which the total
cross section for a molecule is the sum of the total cross section for the constituent atoms. The energy range considered
is from a few eV to several thousand eV. The total cross sections for positron impact on an atom are calculated by employing
a complex spherical potential which comprises of a static, polarization and an absorption potential. We have good agreement
with the experimental results for hydrocarbons for positron energy ⩾100 eV. Our results also agree with the available calculations
for CH4 and C2H2 which employed full molecular wavefunctions beyond 100 eV. Our absorption cross sections also agree with molecular wave-function
calculations for C2H2 and CH4 beyond 100 eV. We have shown the Bethe plots fore
+−C ande
+−H scattering systems and Bethe parameters have been extracted. We have fitted the cross section for positron impact on hydrocarbons
in the formσ
t(C
n
H
m
)=naE
−
b+mcE
−
d in the energy range 300–5000 eV wherea=195.0543,b=0.7986,c=371.1757 andd=1.1379 withE in eV andσ
t in 10−16 cm2. 相似文献
10.
V. V. Varlamov B. S. Ishkhanov V. N. Orlin S. Yu. Troshchiev 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2010,74(6):842-849
The results from experimental and theoretical studies of the total and partial cross sections of photoneutron reactions on
the 197Au isotope were analyzed. The cross sections for reactions σ(γ, nX) = σ(γ, n) + σ(γ, np) + … + σ(γ, 2nX) = σ(γ, 2n) + σ(γ, 2np) + … were evaluated in the energy range 7 ≤ E
γ ≤ 30 MeV using an approach free of the shortcomings of experimental photoneutron multiplicity sorting methods. The total
photoneutron reaction cross sections σexp(γ, xn) = σexp(γ, nX) + 2σexp(γ, 2nX) + … = σexp(γ, n) + σexp(γ, np) + 2σexp(γ, 2n) + 2σexp(γ, 2np) + … were used as the initial experimental data. The contributions from the cross sections σ(γ, nX) and σ(γ, 2nX) to the cross sections σexp(γ, xn) were separated using the multiplicity transition functions F
1
theor = σtheor(γ, 1nX)/σtheor(γ, xn) and F
2
theor = σtheor(γ, 2nX)/σtheor(γ, xn), calculated within an updated version of the pre-equilibrium model of photonuclear reactions. New evaluated data for both
partial reaction cross sections, i.e., σeval (γ, 1nX) = F
1
theorσexp(γ, xn) and σeval(γ, 2nX) = F
2
theorσexp(γ, xn), were obtained. The cross sections σeval(γ, nX) and σeval.(γ, 2nX) evaluated using the theoretically calculated functions F
1,2theor are consistent with the Livermore data, but substantially contradict the Saclay data. 相似文献
11.
M. Schumacher 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2006,30(2):413-422
The t-channel contribution to the difference of electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon, (α - β)t, can be quantitatively understood in terms of a σ-meson pole in the complex t-plane of the invariant scattering amplitude A
1(s, t) with properties of the σ-meson as given by the quark-level Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). Equivalently, this quantity may
be understood in terms of a cut in the complex t-plane where the properties of the σ-meson are taken from the ππ → σ → ππ, γγ → σ → ππ and Nˉ → σ → ππ reactions. This equivalence may be understood as a sum rule where the properties of the σ-meson as predicted by
the NJL model are related to the f
0(600) particle observed in the three reactions. In the following, we describe details of the derivation of (α - β)t making use of predictions of the quark-level NJL model for the σ-meson mass.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
12.
V. V. Varlamov B. S. Ishkhanov V. N. Orlin V. A. Chetvertkova 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2010,74(6):833-841
A combined analysis of experimental data on total and partial photoneutron reaction cross sections, obtained using bremsstrahlung
γ-radiation and quasi-monoenergetic annihilation photon beams, was performed for nine Sn isotopes. The partial reactions σeval(γ, nX) and σeval(γ, 2nX) cross sections were evaluated using an approach free of the shortcomings of experimental neutron multiplicity sorting methods.
This approach involves calculations within the photonuclear reaction model, based on Fermi gas densities and considering the
effects of nucleus deformation, the isospin splitting of its giant dipole resonance (GDR), and experimental data on the total
photoneutron cross sections σexp(γ, xn) = σexp(γ, nX) + 2σexp(γ, 2nX) = σexp(γ, n) + σexp(γ, np) + … + 2σexp(γ, 2n) + 2σexp(γ, 2np) + …. The evaluated σeval(γ, nX) and σeval(γ, 2nX) reactions cross sections were obtained using the introduced transition multiplicity functions F
theor = σtheor(γ, 2nX)/σtheor(γ, xn) = σtheor(γ, 2nX)/[σtheor(γ, nX) + 2σtheor(γ, 2nX) + …]; and σeval.(γ, 2nX) = F
theor.σexp.(γ, xn) = σeval(γ, nX) = (1 − 2F
theor)σexp(γ, xn). The evaluated partial reaction cross sections were used to assess the total photoneutron reaction cross sections σeval(γ, sn) = σeval(γ, nX) + σeval(γ, 2nX) + … as functions of the mass number A. The GDR features of 112, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124Sn isotopes were studied and are discussed here. 相似文献
13.
F. Schümann S. Zavatarelli L. Gialanella U. Greife M. Junker D. Rogalla C. Rolfs F. Strieder H.P. Trautvetter 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》1998,2(4):337-342
Abstact: The elastic scattering cross sections, σ (E,θ), for the systems He+Ta and He+W have been measured at θlab=165° and E
lab=76.1 keV to 3.988 MeV using targets with a thickness of a few atomic layers. The results are smaller than the results given
by the Rutherford scattering law, σR(E,θ), due to the effects of electron screening and can be described by σ(E,θ)/σR(E,θ)=(1+Ue/E)−1, where U
e is an atomic screening potential energy. The deduced average value, U
e=28 ± 3 keV, is consistent with the Moliére- and Lenz-Jensen-models as well as electron binding energies.
Received: 25 May 1998 相似文献
14.
The present paper reports that triboluminescence (TBL) does not appear at the instant of impact of the load but a certain
time lag is required for its appearance which depends on the value of the stress applied to the crystal. Since TBL appears
in sugar crystals during the creation of new surfaces, the fracture-initiation time of the crystal has been taken to be the
delay time in observing TBL pulse after the application of stress. The dependence of fracture-initiation time,t
f
σ
, of crystals on the stress, σ, may be expressed ast
f
σ
=t
o exp (− ασ), wheret
o and α are constants. The values of the lattice energy, and the change in lattice energy per unit stress, of sugar crystals
have been calculated from TBL measurements and they have been found to be 21·2 kcal mole−1 and 0·41 × 10−8 kcal mole−1 dyne−1 cm2 respectively. 相似文献
15.
P. Zh. Aslanyan V. N. Emelyanenko G. G. Rikhkvitzkaya 《Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters》2007,4(1):60-66
The experimental data from the 2-m propane bubble chamber have been analyzed for pC → Λ(K
s
0
)X reactions at 10 GeV/c. The estimation of experimental inclusive cross sections for Λ and K
s
0
production in the p
12C collision is equal to σΛ = (13.3 ± 1.7) mb and σ
K
s
0
= (4.6 ± 0.6) mb, respectively. The measured 〈Λ〉/〈π+〉 ratio from pC reaction is equal to (5.3 ± 0.8) × 10−2, and it is approximately two times larger than the 〈Λ〉/〈π+〉 ratio simulated by the FRITIOF model and than that of experimental pp reactions at the same energy.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
16.
A. Yu. Buki I. S. Timchenko N. G. Shevchenko 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2012,48(2):17
The Coulomb sums S
L(q) of the 6Li nucleus have been obtained from electron scattering measurements at 3-momentum transfers q = 1.125–1.625 fm−1. It is found that at q > 1.35 fm−1 the Coulomb sum of the nucleus becomes saturated: S
L(q) = 1 . 相似文献
17.
Properties of neutral charmed mesons in <Emphasis Type="Italic">pA</Emphasis> interactions at 70 GeV
V. N. Ryadovikov 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2011,74(2):324-331
The results of data handling for the E-184 experiment involving the irradiation of the active target, consisting of carbon,
silicon, and lead plates by a 70-GeV proton beam are presented. When the two-prong neutral charmed meson decay signal was
selected and the cross section for charm production at a near-threshold energy was estimated (σ(c
$
\bar c
$
\bar c
) = 7.1 ± 2.4(stat.) ± 1.4(syst.) μb/nucleon), some properties of D
0 and $
\bar D^0
$
\bar D^0
were investigated. These include the atomic-weight dependence of the cross section on the target mass number (its A dependence); the differential cross sections dσ/dp
t
2 and dσ/dx
F; and the dependence of the parameter α on x
F, p
t
2, and p
lab. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the FRITIOF7.02 program. 相似文献
18.
F.H. Heimlich E. Rössle M. Köbberling J. Moritz K.H. Schmidt D. Wegener D. Zeller J.K. Bienlein J. Bleckwenn H. Dinter 《Nuclear Physics A》1974,228(3):478-492
Coincidence cross sections for the reactions 6Li(e, e′p) and 6Li(e, e′d) have been measured in the region of quasi-elastic scattering. Using incident electrons of 2.5 and 2.7 GeV, the four-momentum transfers to the proton were 6.6 fm?2, 10.0 fm?2 and 11.6 fm?2. The proton coincidence data agree with shell-model distributions assuming a Woods-Saxon potential and including short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations. The best fit to the deuteron coincidence data is obtained with a cluster wave function for the p-nucleons and a harmonic oscillator wave function for the s-nucleons taking into account the deuteron yield from the s-shell. The ratio of the deuteron cross section from 6Li divided by the elastic e-d scattering cross section depends only slightly on the four-momentum transfer and has a value of ≈ 2. 相似文献
19.
K.C. Chung C.S. Wang A.J. Santiago J.W. Zhang 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2001,12(2):161-167
The parameters of the σ-ω-ρ model in the relativistic mean-field theory with nonlinear σ-meson self-interaction are determined
by nuclear-matter properties, which are taken as those extracted by fits to data based on nonrelativistic nuclear models.
The values of the relevant parameters are C
σ
2∼ 94, C
ω
2∼ 32, C
ρ
2∼ 26, b∼ - 0.09, c∼ 1, and the σ-meson mass m
σ∼ 370 MeV, while the value of the calculated nuclear- surface thickness is t∼ 1.4 fm. The field system is shown to be stable, since the σ-meson self-interaction energy is a lower bound in this whole
parameter region with positive c. On the other hand, the effective nucleon mass M* is larger than 0.73M, if the symmetry incompressibility Ks is assumed to be negative and the nuclear-matter incompressibility K0 is kept less than 300 MeV.
Received: 27 June 2001 / Accepted: 5 October 2001 相似文献
20.
S. Wolf V. Lisin R. Kondratiev A.M. Massone G. Galler J. Ahrens H.-J. Arends R. Beck M. Camen G.P. Capitani P. Grabmayr F. Härter T. Hehl P. Jennewein K. Kossert A.I. L'vov C. Molinari P. Ottonello R.O. Owens J. Peise I. Preobrajenskij S. Proff A. Robbiano M. Sanzone M. Schumacher M. Schmitz F. Wissmann 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2001,12(2):231-252