Single-crystal spectrum of 5-anilinopentadienylidenanilinium bromide,C17H17BrN2

The visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of crystalline 5-anilinopenta-dienylidenaniliniumbromide have been measured with a microreflexion spectrometer, using polarized light. The (110) crystal plane shows exceptional dichroism, which is interpreted from the results of X-ray structure analysis as being due to the approximately parallel arrangement of the molecular oscillators.     

异质结光催化剂PANI/F-BiPO4的制备及其可见光催化活性研究

采用简单的水热法结合化学吸附法制备了具有异质结构的光催化剂PANI/F-BiPO4,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对其结构、形貌、光谱特征、表面化学组成等进行了表征和分析.在可见光条件下,考察了PANI/F-BiPO4对罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解效率,并且对光催化降解的机理进行了分析.这种异质结构明显拓宽光吸收范围,同时PANI和F-BiPO4间载流子的有效迁移产生了内建电场,从而促进了光生电子与空穴的分离.研究表明:PANI/F-BiPO4在可见光下表现出优异的光催化活性.经可见光照射4 h,它对40 mg/L的RhB去除率达到98.7;.     

A unitary model for reversible vectorial and scalar photo-structural transformations in amorphous chalcogenide films

Experimental results on reversible vectorial photostructural transformations - dichroism and birefringence induced by linearly polarized light - in amorphous AsSe films are reported and explained in the frame of a two-photon model analogous to that formerly proposed for reversible scalar transformations.     

Polarization optics for X-rays

An experimental arrangement for X-rays is described which is analogous to the optical bench for polarization investigations. Using this arrangement elliptically polarized X-rays should be generated and proved. Although the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction is needed for X-ray optics the polarization phenomena can be phenomenologically interpreted in analogy to visible light optics. The experimental results showed that with a wedge-shaped crystal used as the phase shifter any polarization state of X-rays can be generated.     

Cr掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文对Cr掺杂TiO2进行了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究.模拟计算了完整及Cr掺杂TiO2的电子结构,介电函数及吸收光谱的偏振特性.计算结果表明完整的锐钛矿型TiO2晶体在可见光范围内无吸收;掺Cr后晶体的禁带宽度减小到2.25 eV,吸收边红移,并在可见光区域出现了2.51 eV(495 nn)的吸收峰,表明Cr掺杂有利于提高TiO2对太阳光的吸收.计算结果与实验结果基本相符.     

固溶体半导体碲硫锌多晶薄膜的制备及发光特性研究

ZnS1-x Tex薄膜具有高效的发光特性.样品可观测到强烈的光致发光,随着Te含量x的不同,发射光的颜色从深蓝到黄变化,使其成为制作短波长光波段光电子器件和紫外探测器的理想材料.本文介绍了ZnS1-x Tex多晶薄膜真空蒸发制备的情况,并用X射线衍射仪对淀积在玻璃、石英玻璃和单晶硅衬底上的多晶薄膜进行结构分析,用紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光光谱分析仪对样品的光吸收和发光性质进行研究.分析表明,该薄膜的结构符合闪锌矿的特征.紫外-可见吸收光谱显示该样品在紫外光区有一个强烈的吸收峰,可见光区的吸收很微弱.光致发光光谱表明,样品在可见光区有一个以470nm为中心的发射峰,发射光肉眼可见.该多晶薄膜基本保持了单晶薄膜的紫外吸收、光致发光等良好特性.     

Determination of anisotropic optical parameters of thin films with allowance for multiple reflections

The intensity of light transmitted through a system consisting of a polarizer, a sample, and an anlyzer is calculated with due regard for multiple reflections at the sample boundaries. The intensities of the transmitted light calculated with and without allowance for multiple reflections are compared in the presence and the absence of absorption. It is shown that multiple reflections considerably change the transmitted-light characteristics. The computational errors are evaluated for sample birefringence and dichroism with due regard for multiple reflection.     

High performance visible light responsive photocatalysts for environmental cleanup via solution processing

Fabrication of nitrogen-doped titania and/or strontium titanate nanoparticles via soft chemical reactions and their performance for environmental cleanup under visible light irradiation were introduced. Nitrogen-doped anatase, brookite and rutile with high specific surface area can be selectively prepared by the solvothermal reactions in mixed aqueous solution of titanium trichloride-hexamethylenetetramine. Nitrogen-doped strontium titanate can be prepared by mechanochemical reaction of strontium carbonate, titania and hexamethylenetetramine using a planetary ball-mill. Nitrogen-doped titania shows excellent photocatalytic activity for the nitrogen monoxide destruction under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania is in the order anatase > brookite > rutile. The photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania and strontium titanate can be improved by co-doping with higher valence metal ions to reduce oxygen vacancy and/or coupling with Fe₂O₃ and Pt to retard quick recombination of photo-induced electron and hole by the heterogeneous electron transfer.     

Dichroism and birefringence of natural violet diamond crystals

Investigation of the optical properties of natural violet diamonds from the Yakutian kimberlites is performed. A red shift of the absorption edge is revealed in the absorption spectra of these crystals. This shift is indicative of the presence of a high concentration of nitrogen in the diamonds studied. Along with the strong band at 0.550 μm, weaker bands at 0.390, 0.456 and 0.496 μm are revealed. It is shown that violet diamond crystals have birefringence and dichroism of about 10^?5 and 10^?6, respectively. When a light beam propagates perpendicularly to colored lamellas, the dichroism is much larger and the birefringence is smaller than in the case where the beam direction is parallel to lamellas.     

掺铈钒酸钇晶体的生长及光学性质的研究

报导了采用提拉法生长的高质量的掺铈钒酸钇(Ce:YVO4)晶体,其中Ce3 离子的掺杂浓度为1.0%原子分数。对加工好的掺铈钒酸钇晶片进行了吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量。三个吸收峰的中心波长分别在473nm、557nm和584nm。400~600nm的发射带包含两个发射峰,其中心波长分别在424nm和469nm处。文章从能级结构上对Ce:YVO4晶体光谱的产生机制进行了讨论。     

ALIGNMENT INSTABILITY INDUCED BY IRRADIATION OF VISIBLE LIGHT IN FRUSTOELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE CELLS SHOWING THE V-SHAPED SWITCHING

Abstract

Irradiation of the powerful visible light from the laser expedites the deterioration of the frustoelectric liquid crystalline cells (Inui mixture) showing the V-shaped switching. This deterioration is caused by the light absorption in the aligning layer, which strongly influences the molecule-surface polar interaction; this cannot be observed in the cell with the transparent aligning material in the used visible light region. This is observed just in the tilted smectic X* phase, not in the SmA phase. Irradiation during the switching leads to hysteresis in the V-shaped pattern and changes even the surface molecular alignment. These results can be explained by the shielding of the surface charge due to the alignment of the spontaneous polarization and the disturbed polar anchoring.     

Energy spectrum of uranyl ions in soda-lime glass

The wide band structures observed in the absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum induced by a broad-band light source are the superpositions of narrower bands associating with different non-interacting uranyl molecular systems in glass. When the uranyl molecular systems are selectively excited by narrow-band light sources, the bandwidths of the fluorescence decrease. Furthermore, fluorescence showed multiplet structures and shifting of these structures when the excitation wavelength was varied, particularly, between 5100 and 5250 Å. By means of selective excitation and correlation between excitation energy and fluorescence energy, the first absorption band in the visible region has been analyzed to be the superposition of six narrower bands.     

Dielectric Multilayer Including Azobenzene Polymer Liquid Crystal with Non-quarter-wave Stack

Dielectric multilayer including azobenzene polymer liquid crystal acts as a one-dimensional photonic crystal and has optical-switchable reflection bands. The reflection intensity can be controlled by irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, in which the optical switch is based on cis-trans photoisomerization. An increase in the number of layers prevents photoresponse in the multilayer including azobenzen layers because UV or visible light for control cis-trans isomerization hardly reach the bottom of the multilayer due to exponential decay of light intensity. In this study, the multilayer consisting of thin azobenzene layers is investigated. According to numerical calculations, the non-quarter-wave structured multilayer has multiwavelength reflection band. Angular dependence of reflection color from multiwavelength stopband is also studied using the XYZ color space. The non-quarter-wave multilayer suppresses reflection color change compared with conventional quarter-wave multilayer.     

Experimental study of the dynamics of Zn2Mg Laves phase

A way to address the problem of phonons in quasicrystals (QCs) is to compare their dynamical response with that of approximant crystalline structures. Although the Zn₂Mg Laves phase is not a periodic approximant of a QC phase, its structure is a periodic packing of Friauf polyhedra which are basic units involved in the construction of larger icosahedral atomic clusters found in Frank–Kasper type quasicrystals. We report on the experimental study of the lattice dynamics of the Zn₂Mg hexagonal phase using inelastic neutron scattering with a particular attention devoted to the behavior of transverse acoustic (TA) modes. For TA modes propagating along the (T) direction, polarized along the c axis, there is a strong bending of the dispersion curve. Whereas the broadening rate is rather slow, going like q², a strong coupling of the acoustic mode with an higher energy optical mode takes place. For TA modes propagating along the (Δ) direction, polarized in the hexagonal plane, the dispersion relation reaches much higher energy: the broadening rate is however steeper, going like q⁴, most likely due to a mixing of several excitations in the spectral response. In any case, the width of acoustic and optical excitations is found much smaller than in quasicrystals.     

Anisotropic luminescence photo-excitation in H2-loaded Ge-doped silica exposed to polarized 193 nm laser light

We have investigated the polarization dependence of the photo-luminescence VUV excitation spectra in H₂-loaded Ge-doped SiO₂ glass exposed to polarized 193 nm laser light. As for non-H₂-loaded Ge-doped silica, we show that the β band photo-luminescence excited in the VUV spectral range (6–9 eV) remains positively polarized. In our experiments, the polarization degree P is quite high (P ≈ 0.4) due to the preferential bleaching of polarized UV-exposure. As a result, we observe a highly anisotropic luminescence photo-excitation since the luminescence is mainly polarized in the writing laser polarization direction.     

γ-Bi2Sn2O7的水热合成及其可见光区光电响应研究

本文采用水热法制备了γ-Bi2Sn2O7并研究了其在可见光区的光电响应.Bi2Sn2O7的晶体结构和光电响应特性分别用X射线衍射和表面光电压谱进行表征.研究结果表明,合成的Bi2Sn2O7呈现γ相立方结构,通过吸收光谱估算光学带隙为2.67eV,比α-Bi2O3(2.85eV)的光学带隙小.Bi2Sn2O7的光电响应相对于α-Bi2O3在可见光区展现出一定的优势,同时对外加电压有很强的响应.     

6H-SiC单晶中的微管和小角度晶界

利用透射偏光显微术、同步辐射X射线形貌术、高分辨X射线衍射方法对6H-SiC(0001)晶片中的微管和小角度晶界等缺陷进行了研究.实验发现,在透射偏光显微镜下,微管通常呈现为蝴蝶形,这是由于微管周围存在着应力场,且应力分布不均匀,当线偏振光在通过微管周围区域时传播速度不同造成的.从X射线背反射同步辐射形貌像得到晶片中微管的Burgers矢量大小在2c到10c之间.从晶片00012衍射的双晶衍射摇摆曲线可以看出,晶片的中间大部分区域质量很好,双晶衍射峰为单峰且半峰宽很窄,一般为35"左右.在外围区域双晶衍射峰的半峰宽变宽,有些区域还会出现衍射峰的分裂,这说明外围区域有嵌镶块结构存在.     

D.C. Photoconductivity of Para-Terphenyl

D.C. photoconductivity characteristics of p-terphenyl single crystals have been measured in the near U.V. Holes and electrons are found to be produced at approximately equal rates which are proportional to the 3/2 power of the ight intensity. The spectra show a fast exponential rise of the photocurrents (40-50 times) in the photon energy range 3.5-3.73 eV and then a plateau up to 4.25 eV. b polarized light is 6-9 times more efficient in carrier generation compared to the a polarized light. The high field voltage and temperature effects on carrier generation are found to be in agreement with the basic predictions of Onsager's theory.     

自掺杂SnO2微球的水热合成及其可见光催化性能

本研究采用水热法,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过控制n(Sn⁴⁺)/n(Sn²⁺)的数值,合成了由具有丰富氧空位的SnO₂纳米晶体组装成的微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-Vis漫反射光谱对SnO₂纳米微球进行表征分析,结果表明:在酸性水热条件和柠檬酸的螯合作用下,二氧化锡纳米晶体聚集形成微球;在Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺摩尔比例为3:7时,其微球尺寸最小,整体分散性较好;同时适量二价锡离子的掺杂使得该样品氧空位浓度达到最佳,氧空位的存在将使得样品光吸收范围拓展至可见光,因而该样品显示出较强的可见光催化效率,在8 min内完全降解甲基橙。     

Mn掺杂LiNbO3结构ZnTiO3的磁性和光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论计算了Mn掺杂LiNbO₃结构的ZnTiO₃(LN-ZnTiO₃)的磁性和光电性质。计算结果表明Mn掺杂LN-ZnTiO₃倾向占据Zn位,形成稳定的3d⁵电子构型。Mn替代Zn位掺杂可以为LN-ZnTiO₃提供较大的局域磁矩,约为5 μB。同时在价带顶附近形成明显的Mn-3d和O-2p轨道的受主能级,降低了材料的带隙,促进可见光的吸收。在LN-ZnTiO₃中掺杂Mn可以同时实现较大的局域磁矩和p型半导体的特性,拓展了材料在磁学和可见光吸收领域的应用。