氧空位浓度对ZnO电子结构和吸收光谱影响的研究

目前,氧空位对ZnO形成杂质能级的研究结果存在相反的结论,深杂质能级和浅杂质能级两种实验结果均有文献报道,并且,在实验中高温加热的条件下,氧空位体系ZnO中导带自由电子增加的来源认识不足.为了解决此问题,本文采用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,建立了纯的与两种不同氧空位浓度ZnO超胞模型,分别对模型进行了几何结构优化、态密度分布、能带分布、布居值和差分电荷密度的计算.结果表明,氧空位浓度越大,系统能量越上升、稳定性越下降、形成能越高、氧空位越难、导带越向低能方向移动、电子跃迁宽度越减小、吸收光谱越红移.这对设计制备新型氧空位ZnO体系光学器件有一定的理论指导作用.     

Crystal structure and electronic spectrum of SnS2

It is shown that layered metal dichalcogenides are quasi-one-dimensional molecular crystals and form a new class of crystal structures — molecular close packed. Since the minimum structural unit in these crystals is a monomolecular layer, using the symbols employed in atomic close packing to describe them gives a mistaken representation of their structure and symmetry. A new system of notation is proposed which provides complete and exact information about the ordering of the atomic layers in different polytype modifications and about their symmetries. It is found that in molecular close packing and, especially, in tin disulfide, there is not one (as in atomic close packing), but two, simplest structures, 1T and 1H, containing one molecule each in a unit cell and, therefore, two series of superlattices constructed on their basis. An energy model is constructed for the natural superlattice in tin disulfide crystals and the electronic spectra of the 2H, 4H, and 9R polytype modifications are calculated in the Kronig-Penney approximation with rectangular potential barriers as superstructure perturbations of the simplest structures. These results make it possible to explain the observed complicated dependence of the band gaps of these crystals on polytype structure. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1712–1718 (September 1998)     

Magneto-optic spectrum and electronic structure of single-crystal MnBi

Single crystals of MnBi were used for magneto-optic Kerr-angle spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The Kerr-angle peak at 3.35 eV was observed for our nearly oxygen-free bulk samples, but the role of the oxide overlayer, demonstrated by Auger spectroscopy, as a possible origin of this peak cannot fully be assessed. The energy bands from photoelectron spectroscopy were in general agreement with calculated band structures, but were not extensive enough, due to sample cleavage properties, to distinguish reliably between band-structure calculations that disagree.     

Ga掺杂ZnO电子结构和吸收光谱的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的平面波赝势方法和广义梯度近似,研究了纤锌矿ZnO掺杂Ga前后的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明,ZnO中引入杂质Ga后,导带底主要由Ga4s态和Zn4s态构成,并且Ga4s态跨过费米能级,形成n型半导体.计算得到电子浓度为2.42×10~(21)cm~(-3),掺Ga有效提高了ZnO的载流子浓度.同时ZnO掺Ga后,ZnO的光学带隙从3.47 eV展宽为4.25 eV,并且在可见光区几乎无吸收,是理想的透明导电材料.     

The electronic spectrum of the SiC radical: A theoretical study

Electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states of the SiC radical have been determined from the ab initio based configuration interaction calculations. Potential energy curves of 32 Λ-S states of singlet, triplet, and quintet spin multiplicities have been constructed. Spectroscopic constants (r_e, T_e, and ω_e) of 23 states within 6 eV are reported and compared with the existing data. The dipole moments (μ_e) of most of these states at their respective equilibrium bond lengths have been computed. Effects of the spin-orbit coupling on the spectroscopic properties of SiC have been studied. The E³Π state is found to be an important one which has not been studied before. A transition of the type E³Π-X³Π is predicted to take place in the range 25 000-26 000 cm⁻¹. The partial radiative lifetimes for several electric dipole allowed transitions such as A³Σ⁺-X³Π, B³Σ⁺-X³Π, C³Π-X³Π, D³Δ-X³Π, E³Π-X³Π etc. have been reported.     

First-principles study of the effect of heavy Ni doping on the electronic structure and absorption spectrum of wurtzite ZnO

The band structures, densities of states and absorption spectra of pure ZnO and two heavily Ni doped supercells of Zn_0.9722Ni_0.0278O and Zn_0.9583Ni_0.0417O have been investigated using the first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory. The calculated results showed that the band gap is narrowed by Ni doping in ZnO; this, is because the conduction band undergoes a greater shift toward the low-energy region than the valence band and because heavier doping concentrations lead to, narrower band gaps. Moreover, the optical absorption edge exhibits a redshift due to the narrowing of the band gap. Heavier doping concentrations leads to more significant redshifts, which is in agreement with the experimental results.     

Fundamental reflection spectrum and the electronic band structure of chlorine-doped CdTe

The effect of chlorine impurity on the fundamental reflection spectrum and the electronic band structure of cadmium telluride crystals has been studied. At the impurity concentration N _Cl>5.0×10¹⁹ cm^?3, a peak appears in the reflectance spectra. This peak is due to electron transitions at the X point of the Brillouin zone from the upper split valence band to Cl levels lying 0.05 eV above the Γ minimum of the conduction band. The other features in the reflectance spectra and band structure are explained as being due to the effect of spin-orbit splitting at the X point and to indirect electronic transitions from the Cl levels to the Γ minimum.     

NpFn分子结构与电子结构的理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函(B3LYP)方法,对NpFn(n=3~6)的分子结构特性进行了系统地研究.优化得到了各分子的平衡几何构型,计算了分子的振动频率,并进行了态密度和自然键价轨道(NBO)分析.讨论了不同芯电子相对论有效原子芯势(RECP)对计算结果的影响,分析了NpFn分子的成键,发现随着与Np结合的F原子数目增加,Np原子的5f与F原子的2p轨道能逐渐接近,成键依次增强,键长呈现出收缩的趋势.目前的计算结果与可行的理论和实验符合较好.     

The electronic spectrum of PN. A configuration interaction study

Potential energy curves were calculated for the ground state of PN and for all excited singlet and triplet states resulting from the 2π → 3π, 7σ → 3π, 2π → 8σ, and 7σ → 8σ orbital excitations. CI studies at 4 Å served to establish dissociation energies. Spectroscopic constants were calculated, and are in good agreement with those of the known X¹Σ⁺ and A¹Π states. Overall, their similarity with those observed for N₂ is striking. Various states considered to perturb the known excitations are discussed. The recently discovered second ¹Σ⁺ state is included.     

外电场对对硝基氯苯分子结构与电子光谱影响的研究

为达到降解有机污染物硝基氯苯的目的, 采用外加平行电场的方法, 研究电场对硝基氯苯化合物的分子结构和电子光谱等的影响. 以对硝基氯苯分子为研究对象, 采用密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311+g(d, p) 基组水平上优化并计算了不同外电场作用下pCNB的基态分子结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量, 在此基础上采用含时密度泛函研究了该分子的前六个激发态的波长、振子强度受外电场的影响规律.结果表明: C–Cl, C–N键长随电场增加而快速增大, 即键能快速减小, 同时苯环上的C–C, C–H键长的变化很小, 且有增有减, 说明分子的降解可能是C–Cl, C–N键断裂而苯环则相对稳定. 同时分子总能量随电场先增大后变小, 电偶极矩刚好相反.另外, 最大吸收波长λ_max 随电场先缓慢减小, 后快速增大, 导致电子跃迁相对容易, 而振子强度随电场变化则相对比较复杂. 关键词： 对硝基氯苯 外电场 密度泛函 含时密度泛函     

The fine structure of the spectrum of the electronic NO laser

The spectrum of the electronic NO laser has been photographed with high resolution in the region 10 100–10 500 Å. It shows the band system F²Δ-C²Π whose upper and lower states are both Rydberg states configurationally mixed with valence states. Only predissociated rotational levels of the lower state appear in the spectrum. For v = 0 of C²Π a single mixed level $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{y}}\text{(J = 5}\text{1}\text{2}\text{) = 52431}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, very close to the dissociation limit, gives rise to laser lines.     

电场作用下CaS的分子结构和电子光谱

以6-311++G(d,p)为基组,采用密度泛函的B3LYP方法优化得到不同外电场(-0·03—0·045a.u.)下CaS分子的基态结构参数、电偶极矩μ、电荷分布、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙、红外光谱和谐振频率等.结果表明,随着正向电场的增加,分子结构与外电场有着强烈的依赖关系,且对电场方向的依赖呈现出不对称性,基态键长和分子偶极矩μ先减小后增大,在F=0·02a.u.时,键长Re取最小值0·2289nm,电偶极矩取最小值1·5969D,HOMO能级和LUMO能级处于先增大后减小,能隙始终是减小的,占据轨道的电子容易激发到空轨道.外电场对CaS分子的激发能和振子强度有较大的影响,这为进一步研究它的电致发光机理提供了一定的理论基础.     

A semi-empirical theory of the electronic structure of ethylene with particular reference to the ionization potential

The electronic structure of the ethylene molecule is rescrutinized within the framework of the semi-empirical pi-electron theory. The lower electronic energy levels, twisting frequency, ionization potential and electron affinity are calculated without treating the so-called β parameter as empirical. A new approach for calculating the ionization potential is presented, in which an allowance is made for the change in the effective nuclear charge accompanying the actual ionization. The ionization potential is computed to be 10·757 ev, the observed value being 10·62 ev.     

Microwave spectrum and structure of ethylene ozonide-D4

Rotational spectra of six isotopic species of ethylene ozonide-D₄ have been assigned. The O_pO_p distance was calculated six independent ways using Kraitchman's substitution equations, and values between 1.458 and 1.462 Å were obtained. This is in contrast to a similar analysis for normal ethylene ozonide where the O_pO_p distance varied between 1.455 and 1.502 Å. This difference is associated with the greater value of I_b-I_a for the D₄ species which markedly decreases the effect of axes rotations upon isotopic substitution. The structural parameters derived from the D₄ data set are in excellent agreement with those extracted from the H₄ analyses after minimization of axes rotation effects.     

外电场作用下苯乙烯分子结构和电子光谱

采用密度泛函B3P86方法在6-311G基组水平上优化得到了在不同外电场(0—0.05a.u.)作用下,苯乙烯分子的基态电子状态、几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量.在优化构型下利用杂化CIS-DFT方法(CIS-B3P86)研究了同样外电场条件下对苯乙烯的激发能和振子强度的影响.计算结果表明,分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系,分子偶极矩随电场的增加而增大.分子总能量随着电场增加而降低.激发能随电场增加快速减小,表明在电场作用下,分子易于激发和解离. 关键词： 苯乙烯 电场 激发态 杂化CIS-DFT     

左旋尤利沙星电子结构及ECD谱的理论研究

采用DFT及TD-DFT方法在B3LYP/6-311+-G**水平对左旋尤利沙星的电子结构及ECD谱进行了理论研究.研究发现,环A、环B、环C及羰基之间共轭,成刚性平面结构.电子密度拓扑分析发现,H(23)与O(19)之间存在分子内氢键;水溶液中,分子内氢键作用加强,键长缩短为0.1624 nm,键鞍点电荷密度增加为0.0581 a.u..理论研究获得的ECD谱与实验谱基本吻合.水溶液中,左旋尤利沙星在244nm处存在负性康登效应,在253、278、333 nm处存在正性康登效应.轨道成份分析显示,电子跃迁所涉及的轨道均为π轨道;因此,所有的康登效应均由π→π*荷移跃迁引起.这些结论对于深入理解尤利沙星的电子结构和手性光学性质具有一定的意义.     

外电场作用下的五氯酚分子结构和电子光谱的研究

为研究外电场对环境毒物氯酚类化合物的分子结构、化学键和电子光谱产生的影响, 本文采用密度泛函(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上优化并计算了不同外电场(0—0.025 a.u.) 作用下五氯酚分子的基态几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量, 在此基础上利用含时密度泛函(TDDFT)在同一基组下研究了五氯酚(pentachlorophenol, PCP)的紫外吸收光谱, 并与文献中给出的苯酚的紫外吸收峰的波长进行了比较, 最后对PCP分子的前10个激发态的波长和振子强度受外电场作用的的影响规律进行了研究. 结果表明, 分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系, 分子偶极矩随着外电场的增强先减小后增加, 而分子总能量随着外电场的增强先增加后减小; PCP的紫外吸收峰相对苯酚出现了红移, 其激发态的振子强度随着电场的增强而减小、紫外吸收峰也出现红移.     

左旋尤利沙星电子结构及ECD谱的理论研究

采用DFT及TD-DFT方法在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平对左旋尤利沙星的电子结构及ECD谱进行了理论研究. 研究发现,环A、环B、环C及羰基之间共轭,成刚性平面结构. 电子密度拓扑分析发现,H(23)与O(19)之间存在分子内氢键;水溶液中,分子内氢键作用加强,键长缩短为0.1624 nm,键鞍点电荷密度增加为0.0581 a.u.. 理论研究获得的ECD谱与实验谱基本吻合. 水溶液中,左旋尤利沙星在244 nm处存在负性康登效应,在253、278、333 nm处存在正性康登效应. 轨道成份分析显示,电子跃迁所涉及的轨道均为π轨道;因此,所有的康登效应均由π→π*荷移跃迁引起. 这些结论对于深入理解尤利沙星的电子结构和手性光学性质具有一定的意义.