近独立子系系统的统计规律（一）——二维系统统计规律的计算初席封以

利用刚球模型，根据力学规律，对二维近独立子系系统粒子的运动进行了计算机模拟；模拟中，在不同时刻对系统中各粒子的能量和速率进行多次测量，并对测量结果进行统计平均，得到了粒子数不同的力学系统中粒子按能量和速率的分布图；根据所得的分布图形曲线，给出了任意数目的粒子系统的统一的分布函数．从而完全证明了少量粒子构成的力学系统，其长时间行为也具有确定的统计规律．     

近独立子系系统的统计规律(一)——二维系统统计规律的计算机模拟

利用刚球模型,根据力学规律,对二维近独立子系系统粒子的运动进行了计算机模拟;模拟中,在不同时刻对系统中各粒子的能量和速率进行多次测量,并对测量结果进行统计平均,得到了粒子数不同的力学系统中粒子按能量和速率的分布图;根据所得的分布图形曲线,给出了任意数目的粒子系统的统一的分布函数.从而完全证明了少量粒子构成的力学系统,其长时间行为也具有确定的统计规律.     

Phase-dependent double optomechanically induced transparency in a hybrid optomechanical cavity system with coherently mechanical driving

We propose a scheme that can generate tunable double optomechanically induced transparency in a hybrid optomechanical cavity system.In this system, the mechanical resonator of the optomechanical cavity is coupled with an additional mechanical resonator and the additional mechanical resonator can be driven by a weak external coherently mechanical driving field.We show that both the intensity and the phase of the external mechanical driving field can control the propagation of the probe field, including changing the transmission spectrum from double windows to a single-window.Our study also provides an effective way to generate intensity-controllable, narrow-bandwidth transmission spectra, with the probe field modulated from excessive opacity to remarkable amplification.     

Normal Mode Splitting in a Cavity Optomechanical System with a Cubic Anharmonic Oscillator

The strong coupling between a macroscopic mechanical oscillator and a cavity field is essential for many quantum phenomena in a cavity optomechanical system. In this work, we discuss the normal mode splitting in a cavity optomechanical system with a cubic nonlinear movable mirror. We study how the mechanical nonlinearity affects the normal-mode splitting behavior of the movable mirror and the output field. We find that the mechanical nonlinearity can increase the peak separation in the spectra of the movable mirror and the output field. We also find that the heights and linewidths of the two peaks are very sensitive to the mechanical nonlinearity.

     

Qubit-assisted squeezing of mirror motion in a dissipative cavity optomechanical system

In this study, we investigate a hybrid system consisting of an atomic ensemble trapped inside a dissipative optomechanical cavity assisted with perturbative oscillator-qubit coupling. Such a system is generally very suitable for generating stationary squeezing of the mirror motion in the long-time limit under the unresolved sideband regime. Based on the master equation and covariance matrix approaches, we discuss in detail the respective squeezing effects. We also determine that in both approaches, simplifying the system dynamics with adiabatic elimination of the highly dissipative cavity mode is very effective. In the master equation approach, we find that the squeezing is a resulting effect of the cooling process and is robust against thermal fluctuations of the mechanical mode. In the covariance matrix approach, we can approximately obtain the analytical result of the steady-state mechanical position variance from the reduced dynamical equation. Finally, we compare the two approaches and observe that they are completely equivalent for the stationary dynamics. Moreover, the scheme may be useful for possible ultraprecise quantum measurement that involves mechanical squeezing.     

Enhancement of feasibility of macroscopic quantum superposition state with the quantum Rabi-Stark model

We propose an efficient scheme to generate a macroscopical quantum superposition state with a cavity optomechanical system, which is composed of a quantum Rabi-Stark model coupling to a mechanical oscillator. In a low-energy subspace of the Rabi-Stark model, the dressed states and then the effective Hamiltonian of the system are given. Due to the coupling of the mechanical oscillator and the atom-cavity system, if the initial state of the atom-cavity system is one of the dressed states, the mechanical oscillator will evolve into a corresponding coherent state. Thus, if the initial state of the atom-cavity system is a superposition of two dressed states, a coherent state superposition of the mechanical oscillator can be generated. The quantum coherence and their distinguishable properties of the two coherent states are exhibited by Wigner distribution. We show that the Stark term can enhance significantly the feasibility and quantum coherence of the generated macroscopic quantum superposition state of the oscillator.     

光学消像旋高精度位置控制系统的算法与实现

为了解决周视光电观瞄设备中光学消像旋齿轮传动所带来的误差大、间隙难以控制等不足,本文提出去掉光学消像旋的机械传动,将其变为无机械传动的位置控制系统.结合现代控制理论,在分析了光学消像旋位置控制系统中被控对象模型的基础上,设计以比例-积分-微分控制器为主,非线性控制为辅的融合控制算法.以单片机C8051作为控制核心,编码器作为位置传感器,光电转台方位角度作为控制信号,组成位置控制系统并进行调试、试验测试,测试结果表明其实现的光学消像旋性能优于含有机械传动的光学消像旋性能,最终实现光学消像旋高精度位置控制.     

Perturbation to symmetries and Hojman adiabatic invariant for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with non-Chetaev type constraints

This paper studies the perturbation to symmetries and adiabatic invariant for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with non-Chetaev type constraints. It gives the exact invariants introduced by the Lie symmetries of the nonholonomic controllable mechanical system with non-Chetaev type constraints without perturbation. Based on the definition of high-order adiabatic invariants of mechanical system, the perturbation of Lie symmetries for nonholonomic controllable mechanical system with non-Chetaev type constraints with the action of small disturbances is investigated, and a new type of adiabatic invariant of system are obtained. In the end of this paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

双光腔耦合下机械振子的基态冷却

机械振子的基态冷却是腔量子光力学中的基本问题之一.所谓的基态冷却就是让机械振子的稳态声子数小于1.本文通过光压涨落谱和稳态声子数研究双光腔光力系统(标准单光腔光力系统中引入第二个光腔,并与第一个光腔直接耦合)的基态冷却.首先得到系统的有效哈密顿量,然后给出朗之万方程和速率方程,最后分别给出空腔和原子腔的光压涨落谱、冷却率和稳态声子数.通过光压涨落谱、冷却率和稳态声子数表达式,重点讨论空腔时机械振子的基态冷却,发现当满足最佳参数条件(机械振子的冷却跃迁速率对应光压涨落谱的最大值,而加热跃迁速率对应光压涨落谱的最小值)时,机械振子可以被冷却到稳态声子数足够少.此外分析:当辅助腔内注入原子系综时,若参数选择恰当可能更利于基态冷却.     

Theoretical modelling of physiologically stretched vessel in magnetisable stent assisted magnetic drug targetingapplication

The magnetisable stent assisted magnetic targeted drug delivery system in a physiologically stretched vessel is considered theoretically. The changes in the mechanical behaviour of the vessel are analysed under the influence of mechanical forces generated by blood pressure. In this 2D mathematical model a ferromagnetic, coiled wire stent is implanted to aid collection of magnetic drug carrier particles in an elastic tube, which has similar mechanical properties to the blood vessel. A cyclic mechanical force is applied to the elastic tube to mimic the mechanical stress and strain of both the stent and vessel while in the body due to pulsatile blood circulation. The magnetic dipole–dipole and hydrodynamic interactions for multiple particles are included and agglomeration of particles is also modelled. The resulting collection efficiency of the mathematical model shows that the system performance can decrease by as much as 10% due to the effects of the pulsatile blood circulation.     

机械变速压力机电液伺服自动控制系统设计

对机械变速压力机自动控制系统进行设计,可以提高压力机的运行效率,增强其实用意义。当前利用可编程控制器对机械变速压力机自动控制系统进行设计时,无法实现高效稳定地设计,存在成本高、设计工艺复杂、系统运行稳定性差以及响应时间长等问题。为此,提出一种基于TMS320LF2407A的机械变速压力机电液伺服自动控制系统设计方法。过程中系统控制模块中的自编全浮点的运算和变参数PID程序对系统进行实时控制,PLC通过通信的形式采集压力信号;电源模块采用LM2575系列的稳压器完成12V~5V的DC/DC转化;时钟模块利用晶振当作振荡源与闭合回路结合,并配合内部的震荡工期生成控制系统的时钟信号;复位模块采用手动复位形式通过按复位钮实现系统复位;接口电路选取了CTM1050的CAN收发器所设计的CAN总线完成接口电路的设计,通过以上部分组建控制系统的硬件部分。系统的软件部分利用对PID在机械变速压力机电液伺服自动控制规律的计算,根据位置式的PID控制算法对机械变速压力机执行元件进行控制,并通过增量式的PID控制算法获得系统的增量完成软件的设计。实验证明,所提方法提高了系统的稳定性,减少了系统响应时间,增强了系统的抗扰能力。     

子孔径拼接检测光学系统波前机械定位误差补偿算法

为了实现大口径光学系统波前子孔径拼接干涉测量,保证子孔径采样数据准确定位,提出了子孔径拼接定位补偿算法。介绍了该算法原理,分析了该算法子孔径定位误差补偿能力。首先根据被检光学系统和子孔径口径大小规划出采样子孔径布局,在子孔径采样装置机械精度误差范围内对子孔径进行拼接,根据所求子孔径定位误差补偿系数和调整误差系数,得到被检全孔径波前,完成大口径光学系统波前的拼接检测。通过仿真验证了该算法的可行性,在机械平移定位精度为1 mm和转动角定位精度为0.5°时,用该算法实验检测口径为200 mm的光学系统平面波前。检测结果表明该算法稳定可靠,能有效补偿机械精度引起的子孔径定位误差,从而可放宽对机械定位精度的要求。     

Mechanical effects of polishing pad in copper electrochemical mechanical deposition for planarization

ECMD (electrochemical mechanical deposition) process consists of a traditional ECP (electrochemical plating) mechanism and a mechanical component. That is, this technique involves both electrochemical plating and mechanical sweeping of the material surface by the polishing pad. The mechanism of the ECMD process may be achieved through two mechanisms. The first mechanism may be the electrochemical plating on the surface where mechanical sweeping of polishing pad does not reach, and the second mechanism may be that the plating rate in the area that is mechanically swept may be reduced by the polishing pad. In this study, the effects of the mechanical component were investigated through various polishing pad types and hole ratios. In comparison to various polishing pad types using the manufactured the ECMD system, the plating rate and WIWNU (within wafer non-uniformity) using the experimental non-pore polishing pad were better than those of the experiments using other polishing pads.     

一种广义三模腔光机械系统的相干完美吸收与透射

提出了一种广义的三模式腔光机械系统,系统的中间是一个反射率为100%的可移动的全反射机械振子,两侧均由一个部分透射的固定光学腔镜构成.其中两个光学腔由一束较强的控制场和一束较弱的信号场驱动与同一个机械振子实现耦合.较弱的信号场将会被该系统完全吸收而不产生任何能量输出,并且当相干完美吸收产生时,输入信号场的能量将由两个腔场和机械模共同分担;较弱的输入信号场由一个腔完美透视到另一个腔而不产生任何的能量损耗.分析与数值结果显示,在不同参数机制下,在该三模光机械系统中可以实现相干完美吸收、相干完美透射和相干完美合成的量子现象.此外,改变腔与腔之间的耦合度,可以实现输出探测场在相干完美吸收和相干完美透射之间转换;通过简单的相位调制,可以实现探测场左腔-右腔的输出和输入方向的互换.这些动态控制在量子信息网络可用来构造光子开关、光子路由、光子交换机等一些特殊功能的光子学器件.     

用谐振来解释超声加工中的“局部共振”现象

本文采用机械阻抗方法分析了超声加工系统中出现的“局部共振”现象，通过对不同截面积比的变频杆和工具杆组合系统的计算，得出“局部共振”是超声加工系统的某些固有频率和工具杆固有频率相接近时的现象，此时整个系统仍是全谐振。     

Strong Squeezing of Duffing Oscillator in a Highly Dissipative Optomechanical Cavity System

In the conventional scheme of generating strong mechanical squeezing by the joint effect between mechanical parametric amplification and sideband cooling, the resolved sideband condition is required so as to overcome the quantum backaction heating. In the unresolved sideband regime, to suppress the quantum backaction, a χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium is introduced to the cavity. The result shows that the quantum backaction heating effect caused by unwanted counter-rotating term can be completely removed. Hence, the strong mechanical squeezing can be obtained even for the system far from the resolved-sideband regime.     

声纹的变压器放电与机械故障诊断研究

变压器中的一些放电和机械故障会产生异常声,可用于故障检测.据此,该文提出基于可听声的变压器放电和机械故障诊断方法.针对机械故障声与变压器本体噪声特征相似易混淆的问题,提出改进小波包-BP神经网络算法,与传统小波包-BP神经网络算法相比声音识别率提高了5.7％.为提高声音识别系统的泛化性,提出基于梅尔对数频谱和卷积神经网...     

光学系统调制传递函数的敏感性分析

光学元件、结构件的加工和光机系统的装校会导致光学系统的入瞳孔径尺寸和焦距偏离设计值,从而导致光学系统F数的改变,并且光学系统在光谱谱段内成像,光学系统的空间截止频率也在改变.分析了入瞳孔径尺寸D(100～1000mm)、焦距f′(400～2000mm)、F数(4～20)、光谱波长λ(350～800 nm)的变化对光学系...     

Mechanochemistry and thermochemistry are different: stress-induced strengthening of chemical bonds

Most chemical reactions require activation which is conventionally supplied by heat. In stark contrast, mechanical activation by applied external forces opens intriguing novel possibilities. Here, the first direct comparison of mechanical versus thermal activation of bond breaking is provided. Studying both thiolate-copper interfaces and junctions provides evidence for vastly different reaction pathways and product classes. This is understood in terms of directional mechanical manipulation of coordination numbers and system fluctuations in the process of mechanical activation.     

Ground-state cooling based on a three-cavity optomechanical system in the unresolved-sideband regime

In the unresolved sideband regime,we propose a scheme for cooling mechanical resonator close to its ground state in a three-cavity optomechanical system,where the auxiliary cavities are indirectly connected with the mechanical resonator through standard optomechanical subsystem.The standard optomechanical subsystem is driven by a strong pump laser field.With the help of the auxiliary cavities,the heating process is suppressed and the cooling process of the mechanical resonator is enhanced.More importantly,the average phonon number is much less than 1 in a larger range.This means that the mechanical resonator can be cooled down to its ground state.All these interesting features will significantly promote the physical realization of quantum effects in multi-cavity optomechanical systems.