夹芯型雷达吸波结构的多目标优化

通过引入一个无量纲参数,将重量和雷达吸波性能两个优化目标结合于同一个目标函数中,提出了针对含有多孔材料芯层的夹芯型雷达吸波结构（RASS）的一种多目标优化设计方法．优化模型为承受均布载荷的悬臂夹芯板,考虑4种不同形式的芯层．由传输矩阵法和周期矩量法计算出镜面反射率的平均值,作为表征吸波性能的指标;而面板屈服、芯层剪切破坏和面板起皱则作为优化设计中的力学性能约束．优化结果表明,以填充超轻质海绵体的复合材料二维点阵为芯层的夹芯结构,比含有多孔泡沫或六角蜂窝芯层的夹芯结构更适合作为轻质夹芯型雷达吸波结构．Kagome二维点阵则表现出优于正方二维点阵的吸波性能．     

碳纤维/树脂基复合材料曲壁蜂窝夹芯结构的三点弯曲性能北大核心CSCD

为研究碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)曲壁蜂窝结构在三点弯曲载荷作用下的承载特性与失效模式,对不同芯层高度、面板厚度的结构进行了理论预报、数值模拟及试验.首先,根据夹芯结构的主要失效模式,提出了相应的理论预报公式,并绘制了失效机制图;其次,建立了CFRP曲壁蜂窝夹芯结构的有限元仿真模型,对其在三点弯曲载荷作用下的典型失效行为进行模拟;最后,通过模压成型工艺制备了不同尺寸的CFRP曲壁蜂窝夹芯结构,并将试验结果与理论、模拟结果进行比较.结果表明,蜂窝夹芯结构承载能力与芯层高度、面板厚度密切相关,结构芯层及面板刚度随其尺寸的减小而下降,导致结构失效模式由面芯脱黏失效变为面板压溃失效.     

任意弹性边界的多段梁自由振动研究

研究了连续多段梁的自由振动特性.为区别于诸简支等传统约束边界,提出了弹性约束边界下多段梁结构的自由振动特性分析方法.首先根据谱几何法,在传统Fourier级数的基础上添加四个辅助函数,构造了多段Euler梁中每段的横向位移函数.其次,将位移函数的假设谱几何形式代入多段梁结构的Lagrange函数得到新的表达式,由Hamilton原理将自由振动问题化成矩阵特征值形式,从而求解出任意弹性边界条件下多段梁的自振频率和模态.针对四个具体算例,通过改变边界处弹簧刚度值可求得不同边界条件下连续多段梁的自振频率和模态.与已有文献的结果比较,充分验证了该文方法的正确性、规范性和高效性.     

弹性边界约束旋转功能梯度圆柱壳结构自由振动行波特性分析

对旋转功能梯度圆柱壳自由振动行波特性及边界约束影响进行了分析研究.将功能梯度材料的物理特性表示成沿壳体厚度方向指数变化的函数,基于Love壳体理论,将圆柱壳3个方向的振动位移场采用改进Fourier(傅立叶)级数方法展开, 进而改善位移函数在边界位置求导连续性,结合旋转圆柱壳结构能量原理描述与Rayleigh Ritz法,推导旋转功能梯度圆柱壳自由振动特征方程.通过将计算结果与现有文献结果对比验证了该文模型的正确性与收敛性.随后,通过算例讨论分析了功能梯度材料特性参数、几何参数、边界条件及约束弹簧刚度对旋转功能梯度圆柱壳自由振动行波振动特性的影响.结果表明:边界条件在环向波数n较小或长径比L/R较小的情况下对行波特性影响较为明显;随着厚径比H/R的增大,边界条件的影响逐渐减小;边界约束弹簧对行波特性影响程度取决于模态阶数情况;功能梯度材料特性参数对前后行波频率的影响随着模态序数的增大而逐渐增大.     

等直蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面梁约束弯曲应力的分析

在研究等截面蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面直梁自由弯曲位移和应力的基础上,分析其约束弯曲位移和应力附加项．对附加位移采用了分离变量假设,在此基础上,得到了几何、物理和平衡三方面的方程．采用伽辽金解法,使问题归结为具有衰减特性的二阶线性常微分方程．分析表明,应力衰减速度的快慢,取决于参数ν,而ν与载荷的大小、梁截面的几何尺寸以及材料的物理性质有关．     

多孔材料夹芯的分层复合双壁面圆柱壳体中波的传播

在经典的理论框架内,对分层的复合材料壳体——多孔材料夹芯的双壁面圆柱壳体,研究自由谐和波在其中的传播.借助于一个具有同样几何特性的展开平板,评估波通过多孔夹芯层传播时大部分有效的成分.通过有效波成分的考虑,将多孔层模拟为具有等效特性的流体.因此,模型简化为一个集满流体介质的双壁面圆柱壳体.最后,评估带宽频率中结构的传播损失,并对结果加以比较.     

应用4变量精确平板理论分析FG复合板的自由振动

应用4变量的精确平板理论,对矩形功能梯度材料(FGM)复合板进行自由振动分析.与其它的理论不同,该理论的未知函数数量只有4个,而别的剪变形理论的未知函数为5个.提出的4变量精确平板理论,协调条件有了改变,与经典的薄板理论相比,许多方面有着惊人的相似,无需引入剪切修正因数——当横向剪应力越过板厚后,为了满足剪应力自由表面条件,出现抛物线状的改变,导致横向剪应力的变化.考虑了两种常见类型的FGM复合板,即,FGM表面层和各向同性夹芯层的复合板,以及各向同性表面层和FGM夹芯层的复合板.通过Hamilton原理,得到了FGM复合板的运动方程.得到闭式的Navier解,然后求解特征值问题,得到自由振动的基本频率.将该理论得到的结果,与经典理论,一阶的及其它更高阶的理论所得到的结果进行比较,检验了该理论的有效性.研究发现,该理论在求解FGM复合板自由振动性能方面,既精确又简单.     

新型轻质复合材料夹芯结构振动阻尼性能研究进展

作为新一代先进轻质超强韧结构材料,复合材料格栅和点阵夹芯结构受到了国内外学者的广泛关注.目前关于该类结构材料的设计制备以及相关力学性能研究已取得了大量的研究成果.然而对该类结构振动阻尼性能的研究则处于起步阶段.该文综述了纤维增强树脂基复合材料简单层合结构以及各类夹芯结构振动阻尼性能的研究现状.首先阐述其阻尼机理, 然后分别概述了复合材料简单层合板的微观和宏观阻尼模型、复合材料粘弹性阻尼夹层结构和新型夹层结构的阻尼预报工作,最后总结归纳现有关于该类结构阻尼特性研究工作中已取得的成果和不足之处,并对其未来发展进行了展望.     

等直蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面杆约束扭转应力和位移的解析解

用待定函数法建立等截面蜂窝夹芯盒式矩形截面直杆约束扭转微分方程并求得其通解．求得无量纲化的面板正应力、剪应力,芯材剪应力和横截面的翘曲位移．数值结果表明,面板正应力沿轴向衰减很快．距固定端20 h远处横截面的面板正应力仅为固定端处的百分之一．     

论理想流体与线弹性结构的耦联振动

本文对理想流体与线弹性结构的耦联振动问题作理论分析和数值分析.文中证明了耦联振动的固有频率存在并且均为正实数.将流-固耦合系统分析转化为单一结构物在真空中的自由振动分析后,频率方程中不再含有流体变元.使问题得以大大简化.给出了数值解的收敛性证明,以保证解的可靠性.文中还综合里兹法、边界元和有限元方法,提出一种分析转化后结构的混合算法.利用该算法,只需对现有结构分析程序稍作改进,就可分析那些理想流场与结构的耦合问题.一些数例说明了算法的有效性.     

Modified mixed Ritz-DQ formulation for free vibration of thick rectangular and skew plates with general boundary conditions

Recently, the present authors proposed a simple mixed Ritz-differential quadrature (DQ) methodology for free and forced vibration, and buckling analysis of rectangular plates. In this technique, the Ritz method is first used to discretize the spatial partial derivatives with respect to a coordinate direction of the plate. The DQ method is then employed to analogize the resulting system of ordinary or partial differential equations. The mixed method was shown to work well for vibration and buckling problems of rectangular plates with simple boundary conditions. But, due to the use of conventional Ritz method in one coordinate direction of the plate, the geometric boundary conditions of the problem can only be satisfied in that direction. Therefore, the conventional mixed Ritz-DQ methodology may encounter difficulties when dealing with rectangular plates involving adjacent free edges and skew plates. To overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a modified mixed Ritz-DQ formulation in which all the natural boundary conditions are exactly implemented. The versatility, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for free vibration analysis of thick rectangular and skew plates are tested against other solution procedures. It is revealed that the proposed method can produce highly accurate solutions for the natural frequencies of thick rectangular plates involving adjacent free edges and skew plates using a small number Ritz terms and DQ sampling points.     

Free vibration of functionally graded rectangular plates using first-order shear deformation plate theory

The main objective of this research work is to present analytical solutions for free vibration analysis of moderately thick rectangular plates, which are composed of functionally graded materials (FGMs) and supported by either Winkler or Pasternak elastic foundations. The proposed rectangular plates have two opposite edges simply-supported, while all possible combinations of free, simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions are applied to the other two edges. In order to capture fundamental frequencies of the functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates resting on elastic foundation, the analysis procedure is based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) to derive and solve exactly the equations of motion. The mechanical properties of the FG plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate and obey a power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents, whereas Poisson’s ratio is set to be constant. First, a new formula for the shear correction factors, used in the Mindlin plate theory, is obtained for FG plates. Then the excellent accuracy of the present analytical solutions is confirmed by making some comparisons of the results with those available in literature. The effect of foundation stiffness parameters on the free vibration of the FG plates, constrained by different combinations of classical boundary conditions, is also presented for various values of aspect ratios, gradient indices, and thickness to length ratios.     

A symplectic analytical wave propagation model for damping and steady state forced vibration of orthotropic composite plate structure

An analytical wave propagation model is proposed in this paper for damping and steady state forced vibration of orthotropic composite plate structure by using the symplectic method. By solving an eigen-problem derived in the symplectic dual system of free bending vibration of orthotropic rectangular thin plates, the wave shape of plate is obtained in symplectic analytical form for any combination of simple boundary conditions along the plate edges. And then the specific damping capacity of wave mode is obtained symplectic analytically by using the strain energy theory. The steady state forced vibration of built-up plates structure is calculated by combining the wave propagation model and the finite element method. The vibration of the uniform plate domain of the built-up plates structure is described using symplectic analytical waves and the connector with discontinuous geometry or material is modeled using finite elements. In the numerical examples, the specific damping capacity of orthotropic rectangular thin plate with three different combinations of boundary condition is first calculated and analyzed. Comparisons of the present method results with respect to the results from the finite element method and from the Rayleigh–Ritz method validate the effectiveness of the present method. The relationship between the specific damping capacity of wave mode and that of modal mode is expounded. At last, the damped steady state forced vibration of a two plates system with a connector is calculated using the hybrid solution technique. The availability of the symplectic analytical wave propagation model is further validated by comparing the forced response from the present method with the results obtained using the finite element method.     

Natural frequencies of rectangular Mindlin plates coupled with stationary fluid

The present study is concerned with the free vibration analysis of a horizontal rectangular plate, either immersed in fluid or floating on its free surface. The governing equations for a moderately thick rectangular plate are analytically derived based on the Mindlin plate theory (MPT), whereas the velocity potential function and Bernoulli’s equation are employed to obtain the fluid pressure applied on the free surface of the plate. The simplifying hypothesis that the wet and dry mode shapes are the same, is not assumed in this paper. In this work, an exact-closed form characteristics equation is used for the plate subjected to a combination of six different boundary conditions. Two opposite sides are simply supported and any of the other two edges can be free, simply supported or clamped. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present analytical solution, a comparison is made with the published experimental and numerical results in the literature, showing an excellent agreement. Then, natural frequencies of the plate are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, fluid densities, aspect ratios, thickness to length ratios and boundary conditions. Finally, some 3-D mode shapes of the rectangular Mindlin plates in contact with fluid are illustrated.     

Adaptive FE analysis of plates by shear-flexible quadrilateral Reissner-Mindlin elements

h-version adaptive finite element analysis of plates using QUAD4 R-M elements is discussed. The necessity of using shear flexible formulations for plate elements in adaptive FEA is explained. Two shear flexible QUAD4 plate elements formulated by reconstituted shear strain fields are selected from literature and are used to solve both thin and thick plates with various geometries and boundary conditions. The effect of boundary layers in plates with soft or free boundaries is discussed and is shown in various examples. A powerful and versatile quadrilateral automatic mesh generator (MSD) is used for the discretization of the plate domain. The error norms are computed by the Z² as well as the superconvergence theory. The global convergence rates of the adaptive solutions with respect to the energy norms are demonstrated and it is seen that the theoretical rates of convergence are exceeded in several cases.     

hp-Finite element for free vibration analysis of the orthotropic triangular and rectangular plates

The hp-version of the finite element method based on a triangular p-element is applied to free vibration of the orthotropic triangular and rectangular plates. The element's hierarchical shape functions, expressed in terms of shifted Legendre orthogonal polynomials, is developed for orthotropic plate analysis by taking into account shear deformation, rotary inertia, and other kinematics effects. Numerical results of frequency calculations are found for the free vibration of the orthotropic triangular and rectangular plates with the effect of the fiber orientation and plate boundary conditions. The results are very well compared to those presented in the literature.     

Levy-type solution for free vibration analysis of orthotropic plates based on two variable refined plate theory

Closed-form solutions for free vibration analysis of orthotropic plates are obtained in this paper based on two variable refined plate theory. The theory, which has strong similarity with classical plate theory in many aspects, accounts for a quadratic variation of the transverse shear strains across the thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton’s principle. The closed-form solutions of rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supported and the other two edges having arbitrary boundary conditions are obtained by applying the state space approach to the Levy-type solution. Comparison studies are performed to verify the validity of the present results. The effects of boundary condition, and variations of modulus ratio, aspect ratio, and thickness ratio on the natural frequency of orthotropic plates are investigated and discussed in detail.     

Free vibration of a functionally graded annular sector plate integrated with piezoelectric layers

Based on the first order shear deformation theory, free vibration behavior of functionally graded (FG) annular sector plates integrated with piezoelectric layers is investigated. The distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction of piezoelectric layers which is assumed to be a combination of linear and sinusoidal functions, satisfies both open and closed circuit electrical boundary conditions. Through a reformulation of governing equations and harmonic motion assumption, a novel decoupling method is suggested to transform the six second order coupled partial differential equations of motion into two eighth order and fourth order equations. A Fourier series method is then employed to present analytical solutions for free vibration of smart FG annular sector plates with simply supported radial edges and arbitrarily supported circular edges. The results, which can be used as a benchmark and suitable for design purposes, are verified with those reported in the literature. Finally, by presenting extensive ranges of frequencies, the effects of geometric parameters, power law index, FG and piezoelectric materials, electrical and mechanical boundary conditions as well as the piezoelectric layer thickness on vibration response of smart annular sector plates are discussed in detail.     

Exact solutions for free flexural vibration of Lévy-type rectangular thick plates via third-order shear deformation plate theory

In this paper, exact closed-form solutions in explicit forms are presented for transverse vibration analysis of rectangular thick plates having two opposite edges hard simply supported (i.e., Lévy-type rectangular plates) based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory. Two other edges may be restrained by different combinations of free, soft simply supported, hard simply supported or clamped boundary conditions. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the equations of motion and natural boundary conditions of the plate. Several comparison studies with analytical and numerical techniques reported in literature are carried out to demonstrate accuracy of the present new formulation. Comprehensive benchmark results for natural frequencies of rectangular plates with different combinations of boundary conditions are tabulated in dimensionless form for various values of aspect ratios and thickness to length ratios. A set of three-dimensional (3-D) vibration mode shapes along with their corresponding contour plots are plotted by using exact transverse displacements of Lévy-type rectangular Reddy plates. Due to the inherent features of the present exact closed-form solution, the present findings will be a useful benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of other analytical and numerical methods, which will be developed by researchers in the future.     

各向异性矩形板自由振动的一般解析解法

根据各向异性矩形薄板自由振动横向位移函数的微分方程建立了一般性的解析解．该一般解包括三角函数和双曲线函数组成的解,它能满足4个边为任意边界条件的问题．还有代数多项式和双正弦级数解,它能满足4个角的边界条件问题．因此,这一解析解可用于精确地求解具有任意边界条件的各向异性矩形卞的振动问题．解中的积分常数可由4边和4角的边界条件来确定．由此得出的齐次线性代数方程系数矩阵行列式等于零可以求得各阶固有频率及其振型,以四边平夹的对称角铺设复合材料迭层板为例进行了计算和讨论．