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Une expression analytique est recherchée pour le calcul des constantes de force k CH dans le cadre de la méthode CNDO/2. Les dérivées des intégrales de résonance qui apparaissent dans cette expression sont évaluées empiriquement. Un ajustement statistique est effectué sur les valeurs expérimentales, la paramétrisation originale de la méthode CNDO/2 étant conservée. Dans cette optique, deux évaluations des dérivées βμ, ν′ et βμ, ν″ des intégrales de résonance par rapport à la distance CH sont proposées:

1. βμ, ν′ et βμ, ν″ sont supposées constantes.

2. βμ, ν′ et βμ, ν″ sont posées proportionnelles aux dérivées S μ, ν′ et S μ, ν″ des intégrales de recouvrement.

L'une ou l'autre de ces évaluations traduit l'évolution des constantes de force grâce à l'effet conjugué d'une contribution ‘statique’ (fonction des éléments de la matrice densité) et d'une contribution ‘dynamique’ (dépendant de la variation pendant la vibration de ces mêmes éléments).

An analytical expression is sought for k CH bond force constants, within the frame of the CNDO/2 method. Some integrals appearing in this expression are empirically valued. A statistical adjustment is effected on the experimental data, the original parameters of the CNDO/2 method having been preserved. Two appraisals of βμ, ν′ and βμ, ν″ derivatives of the resonance integrals are compared with each other.

1. βμ, ν′ and βμ, ν″ are constants.

2. βμ, ν′ and βμ, ν″ are in direct ratio to S μ, ν′ and S μ, ν″ derivatives of the overlap integrals.

Either of these valuations explains the evolution of the bond force constants, thanks to the aggregate effect of a ‘static’ contribution (function of elements of the density matrix) and thanks to a ‘dynamic’ contribution (depending on the variation during the vibration of these same elements).  相似文献   

4.
《Optics Communications》1986,57(1):59-63
The reflectance of zirconium nitride has been measured at 20, 500 and 700°C, within the range 0.22 to 5.50 μ m. The optical constants have been determined using Kramers-Kronig analysis. The spectral selectivity of this compound noticeably depends on temperature; the absorptance increases from 0.28 at 20°C to 0.36 at 700°C while the emittance increases from 0.06 to 0.14.  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents theoretical modelling works on the thermal behaviour of an urban space (street). A calculation code, named Codyflow, has been developed in order to simulate the thermal response of an urban system to climatic solicitations. The model allows us to take into consideration, on the one hand, the radiative flux soliciting the urban canyon, on the other hand, heat transfers inside the system. The airflow solicitation, which plays a part in the convective exchanges and in the ambient air temperature, is calculated by the CFD code Fluent. Some simulation results, obtained by the code Codyflow, are presented. They bring to the fore the influence of many factors on the thermal response of the urban canyon: the geometrical configuration, the used materials (through their thermophysical characteristics) and the airflow solicitation. These results allow us to predict the thermal behaviour of urban spaces for the benefit of architects and urban designers in the conception phase of an urban plan.  相似文献   

6.
《Revue Generale de Thermique》1996,35(412):232-242
Numerical prediction of the structure of high temperature axisymmetric turbulent jets. Turbulent axisymmetric jets at high temperature are studied numerically by using first and second order turbulence models. Regarding the temperature fields, on which we concentrate in this work, predictions with both types of models do not show large differences. In general, predictions agree well with the measurements; the existing differences are usually favorable for the second order model. The effect of solving a transport equation for the scalar dissipation rate on the prediction of the mechanical to scalar time scale ratio and on the prediction of the scalar fluctuations is studied. The influence of varying the density ratio on parameters such as the axial decay rates of the temperature and velocity and the turbulence intensity are studied. Two definitions of the mixing efficiency are introduced. According to both definitions, the mixing efficiency decreases with increasing effects of buoyancy.  相似文献   

7.
Nuclear Overhauser effects allow us to determine all transition probabilities in a two-spin AB system, using a triple resonance apparatus we have constructed. Theoretical and experimental studies of the relaxation in the special case where the nuclei belong to a molecule interconverting slowly between two different conformations have been made, and the exchange ratio has been deduced.  相似文献   

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Un complexe tétraédrique du nickel (II) est étudié cinétiquement pour la première fois. Le solvate Ni(HMPT)4 2+, 2ClO4 - est préparé au sein du HMPT anhydre, et les temps de relaxation de 31P mesurés à deux fréquences (8 et 14 MHz), six températures (8–66°C) et plusieurs concentrations (10-3-10-2 M). On détermine ainsi: le déplacement de contact: Δωm = 41800 Hz (25°C et 14 MHz); la constante de couplage hyperfin A = 11,9 MHz; les temps de relaxation électronique, T 1e et T 2e = 1,32 et 0,69 × 10-12 s; la trace du carré du tenseur de couplage spin-spin à champ nul Δ = 3,31 cm-1 et le temps de corrélation afférent τv = 5,6 × 10-12 s (à 25°C); les paramètres cinétiques de l'échange: libre: k M (25°C) = (9,6 ± 0,60) × 105 s-1; ΔH ? = 3,6 ± 2,1 kJ mol-1; ΔS ? = -117 ± 8 J deg-1 mol-1. Le mécanisme de cet échange est associatif, et l'enthalpie d'activation associée extrêmement faible, conformément aux prévisions qualitatives de la théorie du champ cristallin.  相似文献   

9.
The fuel spray from a one-hole injector is characterized by experimental conditions close to those of the Diesel engine. Droplet sizes and velocity histories were measured using a phase Doppler analyzer in a transparent constant volume combustion chamber. This bomb was filled with nitrogen at a pressure of 2 MPa, in a temperature range of 20 to 325 °C. The combined effects of temperature coalescence and aerodynamic drag lead to an increase of the Sauter mean diameter with the penetration of the spray. At room temperature, the coalescence process predominates. At higher temperatures, this growth is mainly due to the evaporation of the smallest drops.  相似文献   

10.
F. Fried  C. Brot  P. Sixou 《Molecular physics》2013,111(6):1845-1859
Les temps de relaxation spin-réseau du proton ont été mesurés dans les phases liquide et plastique du furanne pur et en solution dans le furanne perdeutéré, les relaxations nucléaires d'origine intra et inter-moléculaire ont été ainsi séparées. Des temps de corrélation pour le second harmonique sphérique τ2 ont été déduits de ces mesures et comparés aux temps de corrélation du premier harmonique sphérique τ1 obtenus par des mesures antérieures d'absorption micro-onde ; les valeurs du coefficient de diffusion translationnelle sont estimées en phase liquide.

Sur la base de ces résultats et en utilisant, pour la phase plastique, les donnés cristallographiques, un modèle est proposé pour dépeindre les mouvements réorientationnels des molécules dans chacune des deux phases condensées.

Dans le liquide, près du point triple, un modèle de type Ivanov s'applique avec des angles moyens de saut voisins de 50° et des durées de piegeage orientationnel de l'ordre de 1,3 ps. En augmentant la température, les temps de résidence tendent à devenir comparables aux durées de saut ou même inférieurs.

Dans la phase plastique, les sauts réorientationnels ont lieu de façon concertée (simultanée) entre les quatre orientations permises. Un modèle analytique décrivant les mouvements d'un ensemble de rotateurs dans un potentiel de symétrie rectangulaire permet d'expliquer les résultats expérimentaux en supposant que les sauts ont lieu de façon privilégiée entre puits de potentiel non adjacents. Un calcul numérique confirme l'existence de quatre puits de potentiel séparés par de faibles barrières et montre que les corrélations d'orientation ont principalement pour origine des intéractions de type Van der Waals entre atomes d'hydrogène de molécules voisines.  相似文献   

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In this paper we propose a model of a glow discharge in a turbulent flow. The electron density is calculated using a conservation equation. We assume that the gas glow acts on the electron density and the Shwartz model is used to model the change of diffusivity due to turbulence. In order to show the effects of the turbulence on the electron density, we use a 1D model of a stable electric discharge in to a turbulent flow. The model shows that the increase in turbulent diffusivity at high Reynolds numbers tends to flatten the electron density profiles. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the reported measures. Next, the model was applied to a 2D argon axisymmetric turbulent compressible steady flow. This study shows that when plasma oscillations and turbulence fluctuations of the neutral gas are correlated the temperature profile flattens. Finally, we study electronic distribution into a 3D plasma column in a dissymmetrical flow.  相似文献   

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《Revue Generale de Thermique》1996,35(417):571-579
Corrective model of the gas temperature thermocouple measure. Application to an important thermal gradient zone. The gas temperature measurement with a thermocouple in important thermal gradient zones requires a corrective model. For example, such zones exist for thermal boundary layers near active walls. We have calculated these thermocouple thermal exchanges where connection wires are considered as fins with a variable ambient gas temperature. The heat exchanges by convection and radiation on the thermocouple head are analytically calculated, then a numerical method is used for fins where the space increment is the same as for the experimental measure. The corrective model in steady state is semi-analytical. Its validation is made with experimental results from studies of flows along a non-isothermal vertical wall in a cavity filled with wet air. Several applications are offered for many thermal curves, for more important gradient zones corrections are larger than 1.5 K for a K type thermocouple of 0.08 mm wire diameter.  相似文献   

15.
The anomalous properties of impure yttrium iron garnet are related to the susceptibilities of the rare earth ions which it contains. The susceptibilities are calculated assuming a slow relaxation. It is shown that the success of the theory of “slow relaxation” requires the existence of a coupling between the transverse magnetization of the iron lattice on the one hand, and components of the magnetic moments of the rare earth ions, with non zero diagonal matrix elements, on the other hand. The temperature variations of the ferrimagnetic linewidth and the nuclear relaxation time are compared.  相似文献   

16.
The numeric computing of the pressure field emitted by a focusing transducer is relatively long. That is why we have developed a simple method to predict the pressure of such transducers. This model requires to compute only one integral and is called 1-dimensional model. It provides a rapid calculation of the radial and axial pressures. These pressures will be compared with the results of the 2-dimensional model and validated by experiment.  相似文献   

17.
P. Yvan 《Molecular physics》2013,111(2):451-456
Les paramètres de phosphorescence (force d'oscillateur et durée de vie), sont déterminés théoriquement pour quelques composés carbonylés (formaldéhyde, benzaldéhyde, acétophénone, propiophénone, 2,4,5-triméthylbenzaldéhyde, et 3,4-diméthylacétophénone). La fonction d'onde de l'état singulet fondamental est obtenue à l'aide d'un calcul SCF utilisant la méthode CNDO/S de Del Bene et Jaffé. Les fonctions d'onde, les énergies et les moments de transition dipolaire électrique SI S 0 et TJ T 1 sont déterminés à l'aide d'une interaction portant sur des configurations mono et diexcitées par rapport à l'état singulet fondamental.

Les paramètres de phosphorescence sont calculés en utilisant une approximation monocentrique et monoélectronique de l'opérateur hamiltonien de couplage spin-orbite. Cette approximation est justifiée par la comparaison des résultats obtenus avec les valeurs expérimentales, compte tenu de la concordance entre les conditions d'expérience et les hypothèses de calcul.  相似文献   

18.
The purely numerical computation of defect induced properties in polymers currently in use is time consuming since symmetry arguments cannot be exploited. Within the framework of Lifshitz's Green Function method, symmetry arguments well known from the treatment of chemical defects may be used for conformational defects, too, to reduce the computational work drastically.

With this objective in mind, conformational defects are classified with respect to their local symmetry in a single polyethylene (PE) chain and, for irregular PE skeletons, the defect matrix is set up in terms of appropriate symmetry states. The defect matrix of a gauche position in an otherwise transplanar PE backbone is explicitly given and the projected densities of states of this system are calculated. The applicability of optical selection rules, obtained from local symmetry, to bulk PE is briefly discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The following study, which is rather oriented towards experimentation, shows the influence of the humidity content of air on heat transfer. This first article concerns heat transfer between the external fluid (moist air) and the internal fluid (water containing glycol, whose thermal behavior inside circular tubes is well-known) in a heat exchanger of the same type as those used in automotive air conditioning (horizontal copper tubes and plane aluminium fins), in the absence of condensation. The most difficult part of this experimental work is the measurement and control of the air humidity, since one has to make sure that the measurement incertainties are not significant compared to the precision of the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient. The conclusion is that, for this type of exchanger, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with air humidity in the absence of condensation (dry wall). Some correlations have been developed with respect to the relative air humidity. An analog experimental investigation, but this time carried out in the presence of condensation (partially or completely wetted wall), is about to be completed; the obtained results will be communicated later on.  相似文献   

20.
Cet article décrit le comportement de radicaux libres dans le cristal antiferroélectrique de NH4H2AsO4 et le compare à celui de ces mêmes radicaux dans le ferroélectrique KH2AsO4. A la transition de phase, les modifications que subissent les espèces radicalaires sont interprétées en liaison avec l'abaissement de symétrie et l'établissement de l'ordre antiferro-électrique. Des transformations interradicalaires thermiquement réversibles sont mises en évidence ; elles se caractérisent par une variation du nombre de protons en interaction avec l'électron non apparié.  相似文献   

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