Combined Raman scattering and ab initio investigation of the interaction between pyrene and carbon SWNT

Raman spectra of HiPco SWNT and SWNT-pyrene films were measured in the 160–1800 cm^?1 range. Due to the non-covalent interaction between SWNT and pyrene the most intensive component of the SWNT G mode (1590 cm^?1) is downshifted by 2 cm^?1 and becomes narrower. Also the intensity of the low-frequency component of the G mode (1550 cm^?1) decreases by about 30%. Structures and interaction energies in the complexes of pyrene and zigzag (n, 0) SWNTs [6 ≤ n ≤ 20] were determined at the MP2 level of theory. The BSSE-free geometry optimization of the pyrene-zigzag (12,0) SWNT complex converged to a structure with a 1/2staggered conformation and with an intermolecular distance of 3.5 Å. The BSSE-free interaction energy in the complex is ?30.8 kj mol^?1. Increasing of the nanotube diameter leads to a higher interaction energy. This energy becomes equal to ?37.2 kJ mol^?1 in the case of a planar carbon surface.     

Basis set limit binding energies of hydrogen bonded clusters

The utility of the recently developed extrapolation method to estimate the binding energies of weakly bound clusters at the basis set limit exploiting the similar basis set convergence behaviour of correlation energies of the monomer and cluster in correlated calculations (J. chem. Phys., 116, 5389 (2002)) was tested for small to medium (HF)_n and (H₂O)_n (n = 2–5) clusters using various correlation consistent cc-pVXZ (X= D,T,Q,5) basis sets containing different numbers of diffuse functions and 6–31G type basis sets at the MP2 and CCSD(T) level for which accurate basis set limits are available for comparison. It is shown that the basis set limit binding energies estimated by this extrapolation method with modest size of basis sets (cc-pVDZ/cc-pVTZ or 6–3 1 G(d,p)/6-3 IG(2df,2pd)) are much closer to the exact basis set limits than the estimates by commonly used X ^?3 extrapolation or counterpoise corrected binding energies, signifying the importance of this extrapolation method for the study of large weakly bound clusters. It is also shown that the inclusion of appropriate diffuse functions in the basis sets can significantly improve the accuracy of the estimated basis set limits by this extrapolation method. For (HF)_n clusters the MP2 and CCSD(T) basis set limits estimated by this extrapolation method with aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets are 18.4 (18.5) and 18.9 (18.9) for the dimer, 61.8 (62) and 63.2 (63) for the trimer, 113.5 and 114.7 (116) for the tetramer, and 155.2 and 156.3 (158) for the pentamer, respectively, with the values in parentheses representing the apparent basis set limits, with the numbers in units of kJ mol^?1. The corresponding results for (H₂O)_n clusters are 20.5 (20.5) and 20.6 (20.7) for (H₂O)₂, and 60.5 (61) and 60.1 (60) for (H₂O)₃, respectively.     

Cooperativity between the hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding in F3CX ··· NCH(CNH) ··· NCH(CNH) complexes (X=Cl,Br)

MP2 calculations with the cc-pVTZ basis set were used to analyse the intermolecular interactions in F₃CX?···?NCH(CNH)?···?NCH(CNH) triads (X=Cl, Br), which are connected via hydrogen and halogen bonds. Molecular geometries, binding energies, and infrared spectra of the dyads and triads were investigated at the MP2/cc-pVTZ computational level. Particular attention was given to parameters such as the cooperative energies, cooperative dipole moments, and many-body interaction energies. All studied complexes, with the simultaneous presence of a halogen bond and a hydrogen bond, show cooperativity with energy values ranging between ?1.32 and ?2.88?kJ?mol^?1. The electronic properties of the complexes were analysed using the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), electron density shift maps and the parameters derived from the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) methodology.     

Interaction studies of cysteine with Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ metal cation complexes

The coordination geometries, electronic features, metal ion affinities, entropies, and the energetics of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ metal cations with different possible conformations of cysteine complexes were studied. The complexes were optimized using density functional theory (B3LYP) and second order Moller–Plesset Perturbation (MP2) theory methods using 6‐311 + +G** basis set. The interactions of the metal cations at different nucleophilic sites of cysteine conformations were considered after a careful selection among several binding sites. All the metal cations coordinate with cysteine in a tridentate manner and also the most preferred position for the interaction. It is found that, the overall structural parameters of cysteine are not altered by metal ion substitution, but, the metal ion‐binding site has undergone a noticeable change. All the complexes were characterized by an electrostatic interaction between ligand and metal ions that appears slightly more pronounced for lithium and beryllium metal complexes. The metal ion affinity (MIA) and basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected interaction energy were also computed for all the complexes. The effect of metal cations on the infrared (IR) stretching vibrational modes of amino N? H bond, side chain thiol group S? H bond, hydroxyl O? H bond, and Carbonyl C?O bond in cysteine molecules have also been studied. The nature of the metal ion‐ligand bond and the coordination properties were examined using natural bond order (NBO) at bond critical point (electron density and their Laplacian of electron density) through Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular structure,NMR and vibrational spectral analysis of 2,4‐difluorophenol by ab initio HF and density functional theory

Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometries and vibrational wavenumbers of 2,4‐difluorophenol (2,4‐DFP) were carried out by using ab initio HF and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) methods with 6‐311G(d,p) as basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by HF and DFT calculations are in good agreement with related molecules. The best level of theory in order to reproduce the experimental wavenumbers is the B3LYP method with the 6‐311G(d,p) basis set. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 2,4‐DFP is also reported. The entropy of the title compound was also performed at HF/6‐311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) levels of theory. The isotropic chemical shift computed by ¹H, ¹³C NMR analyses also shows good agreement with experimental observations. The theoretical spectrograms for FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of the title molecule have been constructed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Benchmark CCSD(T) and DFT study of binding energies in Be7 − 12: in search of reliable DFT functional for beryllium clusters

We present a computational study of the stability of small homonuclear beryllium clusters Be_{7 ? 12} in singlet electronic states. Our predictions are based on highly correlated CCSD(T) coupled cluster calculations. Basis set convergence towards the complete basis set limit as well as the role of the 1s core electron correlation are carefully examined. Our CCSD(T) data for binding energies of Be_{7 ? 12} clusters serve as a benchmark for performance assessment of several density functional theory (DFT) methods frequently used in beryllium cluster chemistry. We observe that, from Be₁₀ clusters on, the deviation from CCSD(T) benchmarks is stable with respect to size, and fluctuating within 0.02 eV error bar for most examined functionals. This opens up the possibility of scaling the DFT binding energies for large Be clusters using CCSD(T) benchmark values for smaller clusters. We also tried to find analogies between the performance of DFT functionals for Be clusters and for the valence-isoelectronic Mg clusters investigated recently in Truhlar's group. We conclude that it is difficult to find DFT functionals that perform reasonably well for both beryllium and magnesium clusters. Out of 12 functionals examined, only the M06-2X functional gives reasonably accurate and balanced binding energies for both Be and Mg clusters.     

骨显像放射性药物锝-双膦酸盐配合物99mTc-MDP的结构

运用密度泛函理论方法对锝标记双膦酸盐配合物^99mTc-MDP进行了结构预测和计算, 其中MDP代表亚甲基双膦酸. 根据几何异构、构象异构、电荷异构和自旋态异构等特性预测该化合物共有14种异构体. 基于B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平优化的分子结构和计算的总能量,确定了两种稳定异构体,并与实验结构进行了比较. 运用B3LYP/6-31G*(LANL2DZ用于Tc, cc-pVDZ-pp用于Tc)和B3LYP/DGDZVP方法对化合物的稳定结构进行了计算. 理论计算值与实验值吻合较好,而基     

Photoelectron spectroscopy on Pt atoms and clusters deposited on C(0001)

An experimental photoelectron spectroscopy study is presented highlighting several aspects of importance for the study of deposited metal clusters and particles with photoemission. It is shown that the Fermi level is the correct energy reference for the core level binding energies. The choice of different deposition conditions, well within the range of soft landing, has a strong impact on the outcome of the spectroscopic experiments. Single adatoms as well as clusters deposited with some excess energy display relatively narrow core level spectra at much lower binding energies than previously reported, even when atomic mass selection is not performed. In contrast, single sized Pt₁₉ clusters, deposited onto a thin Ar film before being exposed to the graphite surface show spectral broadening and shifts to higher binding energies. We discuss our results in terms of the cluster substrate interaction and the influence of deposition conditions on the metal adsorbate structure.     

Density functional theory study on a fluorescent chemosensor device of aza‐crown ether

Three derivatives of alkyl anthracene covalently bonded to aza‐18‐crown‐6 at the nitrogen position, anthracene(CH₂)_n, (n = 1–3) which act as an on–off fluorogenic photoswitch have been theoretically studied using a computational strategy based on density functional theory at B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d,p) method. The fully optimized geometries have been performed with real frequencies which indicate the minima states. The binding energies, enthalpies and Gibbs free energies have been calculated for aza‐18‐crown‐6 ( L ) and their metal complexes. The natural bond orbital analysis is used to explore the interaction of host–guest molecules. The absorption spectra differences between L and their metal ligands, the excitation energies and absorption wavelength for their excited states have been studied by time‐dependent density functional theory with the basis set 6‐31 + G(d,p). These fluorescent sensors and switchers based on photoinduced electron transfer mechanism have been investigated. The PET process from aza‐crown ether to fluorophore can be suppressed or completely blocked by the entry of alkali metal cations into the aza‐crown ether‐based receptor. Such a suppression of the PET process means that fluorescence intensity is enhanced. The binding selectivity studies of the aza‐crown ether part of L indicate that the presence of the alkali metal cations Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ play an important role in determining the internal charge transfer and the fluorescence properties of the complexes. In addition, the solvent effect has been investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Density functional investigation of metal encapsulated X@C12Si8 heterofullerene (X=Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Al, Ga)

The stability and the possible application of our recently reported SiC heterofullerenes inspire the investigation of their further stabilization through ion encapsulation. The endohedral complexes X@C₁₂Si₈, where X=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, and Ga³⁺, are probed at the MPWB1K/6-311G? and B3LYP/6-311G* levels of theory. The optimized geometries show the expanding or contracting capability of C₁₂Si₈ in order to accommodate metal ion guests. The inclusion energies indicate the stability of the complexes compared to the components. Meanwhile, the calculated binding energies show the stabilization of C₁₂Si₈ through the inclusion of Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, and Ga³⁺. The host-guest interaction that is probed through NBO atomic charges supports the obtained results. This study refers to “metal ion encapsulation” as a strategy for stabilization of SiC heterofullerenes.     

First-Principles Study of Geometries,Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Ca2Sin （n=1-11） Clusters

The equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of Ca2Sin （n = 1-11） clusters have been systematically investigated by using the density function theory at the 6-311G （d） level The optimized geometries indicate that the most stable isomers have three-dimensional structures for n = 3-11. The electronic properties of Ca2 Sin （n = 1-11） dusters axe obtained through the analysis of the natural charge population, natural electron configuration, vertical ionization potential, and vertical electron affinity. The results show that the charges in corresponding Ca2Sin clusters transfer from the Ca atoms to the Sin host. Based on the obtained lowest-energy geometries, the size dependence of cluster properties, such as averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies, second-order energy differences, HOMO- LUMO gaps and chemical hardness, are deeply discussed.     

Protonated water clusters

A complete set of protonated water clusters conformers up to n = 8 have been evaluated by ab-initio Hartree-Fock method in 6-311G** molecular orbitals basis set and with quadratic complete basis set method. Configurations of ground-state conformers are in a good accord with those available in literature but present dissociation energies for the light clusters agree better with experimental values. A tentative analysis of experimental conditions for observation of certain clusters is presented in comparison to selected formation paths of clusters. Dissociation energies show a broad range of values.     

Comparison between standard and counterpoise-corrected optimization using some hydrogen and halogen bonded systems

The effect of the counterpoise correction on the geometries, stabilization energies, and vibrational harmonic frequencies of some hydrogen- and halogen-bonded systems (B?=?CH₃CN,?HCN,?NH₃,?N₂,?CO,?H₂O,?H₂S,?PH₃;?HX?=?HF,?HCl,?HBr,?HCN,?HCF₃; XY?=?Br₂,?BrCl,?BrF,?Cl₂,?ClF,?F₂) has been analysed at the MP2 level of theory using the popular 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized B?···?H and B?···?X bond lengths increase with counterpoise (CP) correction. In some cases standard values and in other cases CP-corrected values are close to experimental data. The absolute values of complexation energies of CP-corrected structures are higher than standard by inclusion of BSSE correction. The effect of CP correction on intermolecular bond lengths and complexation energies of B?···?XY series are usually higher than B?···?HX. Also, this effect is higher for H₂S and PH₃ groups. The CP correction changes the vibrational harmonic frequencies by 0–100%. The changes are frequently lower than 20% for frequencies higher than 300?cm^?1.     

Si2CmN团簇的结构及稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-311G*方法,对Si2CmN(m=2-10)团簇的几何构型、振动频率和基态能量等性质进行了研究,讨论了化学键的特征和热力学稳定性。振动频率和振动强度被用来判断体系的基态结构。结果表明,m=2-10的团簇为线性结构,随着m的增大,团簇的自旋多重度均为2,Si原子在C与N原子形成的线性链端部成键,团簇的基态能量近似线性增大。m为偶数的Si2CmN团簇比m为奇数的更为稳定。     

Efimov Physics in Small Bosonic Clusters

We study small clusters of bosons, A = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, characterized by a resonant interaction. Firstly, we use a soft-gaussian interaction that reproduces the values of the dimer binding energy and the atom-atom scattering length obtained with LM2M2 potential, a widely used ⁴He-⁴He interaction. We change the intensity of the potential to explore the clusters’ spectra in different regions with large positive and large negative values of the two-body scattering length and we report the clusters’ energies on Efimov plot, which makes the scale invariance explicit. Secondly, we repeat our calculation adding a repulsive three-body force to reproduce the trimer binding energy. In all the region explored, we have found that these systems present two states, one deep and one shallow close to the A ? 1 threshold, and scale invariance has been investigated for these states. The calculations are performed by means of Hyperspherical Harmonics basis set.     

氨团簇(NH_3)_n(n=2～8)结构的密度泛函理论研究

本文应用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)和6-31 G(d)基组水平上对氨团簇氢键体系进行了研究,计算得到了氨团簇(NH3)n(n=2～8)的各种稳定构型及对应的能量和团簇束缚能.分析发现,在各类尺寸中以单环结构最为稳定,而相同尺寸的异构体之间团簇束缚能越大越稳定.最后利用二阶差分理论讨论了不同尺寸氨团簇中最稳定结构的生长规律,结果表明n=5,7时的结构最为稳定,具有明显的幻数特征,n=6,8时的团簇结构最不稳定,而在n=2～5之间,随着n的增大团簇的稳定性也在逐步增强.     

氮的三原子化合物的从头算及密度泛函研究

在6－311＋G＊基组水平上,对氮的三原子化合物N3^-、N3、N3^+,用MP2及六种密度泛涵方法进行了研究。结果表明,对于已知结构的化合物和计算结果与实验测定值非常吻合,对实验上未知的化合物分子的稳定几何构型及其有关参数进行了新的探讨和补充,同时比较了N3^-、N3、N3^+间相对稳定性和几何性质,并讨论了几种不同方法对该化合物系列诸性质参数的影响,结合MO理论及成键能的计算结果进行了成键分析。     

Gas-phase reactivity of lactones: structure and stability of their Cu+ complexes

The structure and relative stability of different lactone-Cu⁺ complexes, including cycles changing from four to six-membered rings, have been investigated through the use of density functional theory methods. The geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. Final energies were obtained in single point calculations carried out at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p) level of theory. Upon interaction with Cu⁺ in the gas phase, lactones behave in a rather similar way as they do in protonation processes. Systematically the global minimum of the potential energy surface corresponds to the attachment of the metal cation to the carbonyl oxygen cis with respect to the ether-like oxygen. Also, similarly to proton affinities, the calculated Cu⁺ binding energies increase with the size of the system. The unsaturated compounds are found to be only slightly more basic than the saturated counterparts. Cu⁺ attachment leads to significant bond activation and bond reinforcement effects, reflected in redshiftings and blueshiftings of the stretching frequencies, respectively. Cu⁺ is able to form agostic bonds with some of the CH² groups of the lactone moiety. These agostic complexes can be good precursors for the unimolecular loss of H², which very likely should be observed in the mass spectra.     

钛团簇的结构及电子亲和势的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论详细地研究了金属钛的小尺寸团簇的稳定结构及电子性质。具体采用的计算方法是B3LYP/CEP-121G。在这项工作中,我们发现计算的电子亲和势的值与实验值符合的很好,但与原先的理论研究有些不同。     

Analysis of benzodiaza‐15‐crown‐5 ether derivative binding properties by potentiometric and optical methods

This research concerns the analysis of the binding properties of benzodiaza‐15‐crown‐5 ether derivatives towards different metal ions (Mg(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Ag(I)) in acetonitrile and water by potentiometric and optical methods. Benzodiaza‐15‐crown‐5 ether demonstrates high binding affinity towards Hg²⁺ (lg K₁₁ = 12.7), whereas the stability constants of complexes with other studied cations varied from 3 to 6 logarithmic units. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.