Analysis of iterative methods for the viscous/inviscid coupled problem via a spectral element approximation

Based on a new global variational formulation, a spectral element approximation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes/Euler coupled problem gives rise to a global discrete saddle problem. The classical Uzawa algorithm decouples the original saddle problem into two positive definite symmetric systems. Iterative solutions of such systems are feasible and attractive for large problems. It is shown that, provided an appropriate pre‐conditioner is chosen for the pressure system, the nested conjugate gradient methods can be applied to obtain rapid convergence rates. Detailed numerical examples are given to prove the quality of the pre‐conditioner. Thanks to the rapid iterative convergence, the global Uzawa algorithm takes advantage of this as compared with the classical iteration by sub‐domain procedures. Furthermore, a generalization of the pre‐conditioned iterative algorithm to flow simulation is carried out. Comparisons of computational complexity between the Navier–Stokes/Euler coupled solution and the full Navier–Stokes solution are made. It is shown that the gain obtained by using the Navier–Stokes/Euler coupled solution is generally considerable. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mie-Grneisen状态方程可压缩多流体流动的PPM方法

采用流体体积分数的混合型多流体数值模型，将piecewise parabolic method (PPM)方法应用于可压缩多流体流动的数值模拟，拓展了以前提出的模型和数值方法，使它能够处理一般的Mie-Grneisen状态方程。采用双波近似和两层迭代算法求解一般状态方程的Riemann问题；并根据多流体接触界面无振荡原则设计高精度计算格式，对典型的纯界面平移问题可以从理论上证明本算法在接触间断附近压力和速度没有振荡，而且数值模拟结果表明界面数值耗散也被控制在2~3个网格之内。模拟了多种复杂的可压缩多流体流动，算例结果表明本文方法可以有效地处理接触间断、激波等物理问题，且具有耗散小精度高的特点。     

A DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM WITH FINITE ELEMENT-BOUNDARY ELEMENT COUPLING

A domain decomposition algorithm coupling the finite element and the boundary element was presented. It essentially involves subdivision of the analyzed domain into sub-regions being independently modeled by two methods, i.e., the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). The original problem was restored with continuity and equilibrium conditions being satisfied on the interface of the two sub-regions using an iterative algorithm. To speed up the convergence rate of the iterative algorithm, a dynamically changing relaxation parameter during iteration was introduced. An advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the locations of the nodes on the interface of the two sub-domains can be inconsistent. The validity of the algorithm is demonstrated by the consistence of the results of a numerical example obtained by the proposed method and those by the FEM, the BEM and a present finite element-boundary element (FE-BE) coupling method.     

无穷域势流问题的有限元／差分线法混合求解

提出了一种将有限元和差分线法相结合求解无穷域势流问题的算法。用两同心圆将求解域划分为存在重叠的有限和无限两个区域,在有限和无限域上分别用有限元和差分线法求解Laplace方程边值问题。用差分线法推导出的关系式修正有限元方程,求解该方程组从而得到原问题的解。本算法将求解无穷域问题转化为代数特征值问题和有限域内线性方程组的...     

A FE‐based algorithm for the inverse natural convection problem

Several numerical algorithms for solving inverse natural convection problems are revisited and studied. Our aim is to identify the unknown strength of a time‐varying heat source via a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations obtained by the so‐called finite element consistent splitting scheme (CSS) in order to get a good approximation of the unknown heat source from both the measured data and model results, by minimizing a functional that measures discrepancies between model and measured data. Viewed as an optimization problem, the solutions are obtained by means of the conjugate gradient method. A second‐order CSS in time involving the direct problem, the adjoint problem, the sensitivity problem and a system of sensitivity functions is used in order to enhance the numerical accuracy obtained for the unknown heat source function. A spatial discretization of all field equations is implemented using equal‐order and mixed finite element methods. Numerical experiments validate the proposed optimization algorithms that are in good agreement with the existing results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEM OF THE 2D SEEPAGE FLOW

ＦＲＥＥＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＯＦＴＨＥ２ＤＳＥＥＰＡＧＥＦＬＯＷ￥ＳｈｅＹｉｎｇｈｅ（佘颖禾）ＳｕｎＹｉｎｇ（孙鹰）ＧｕｏＸｉａｏｍｉｎｇ（郭小明）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓａｎｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔ...     

梯度塑性的有限元分析及应变局部化模拟

对梯度塑性连续体提出了一个有限元方法．内状态变量的Ｌａｐｌａｃｉａｎ的确定基于它在求积点邻域的最小二乘方多项式近似．具体地考虑了具有一点求积和Ｈｏｕｒｇｌａｓｓ控制特点的基于胡海昌－Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕ变分原理的混合应变元和单元平均意义下的ｖｏｎ－Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则．解析地导出了梯度塑性下一致性单元切线刚度矩阵和速率本构方程的一致性积分算法．在所建议的非局部化途径中求积点的一致性条件在非局部化意义下逐点精确满足．数值例题表明所提出的非经典连续体的有限元方法求解应变局部化问题的有效性     

Upper-bound limit analysis based on the natural element method

The natural element method (NEM) is a newly-developed numerical method based on Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation of scattered points, which adopts natural neighbour interpolation to construct trial functions in the framework of Galerkin method. Owing to its distinctive advantages, the NEM is used widely in many problems of computational mechanics. Utilizing the NEM, this paper deals with numerical limit analysis of structures made up of perfectly rigid-plastic material. According to kinematic theorem of plastic limit analysis, a mathematical programming natural element formulation is established for determining the upper bound multiplier of plane problems, and a direct iteration algorithm is proposed accordingly to solve it. In this algorithm, the plastic incompressibility condition is handled by two different treatments, and the nonlinearity and nonsmoothness of the goal function are overcome by distinguishing the rigid zones from the plastic zones at each iteration. The procedure implementation of iterative process is quite simple and effective because each iteration is equivalent to solving an associated elastic problem. The obtained limit load multiplier is proved to monotonically converge to the upper bound of true solution. Several benchmark examples are investigated to validate the significant performance of the NEM in the application field of limit analysis.     

UNILATERAL CONTACT PROBLEMS USING QUASI-ACTIVE SET STRATEGY

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｓｏｍｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｒｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｏｎｌｙｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｎｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｆｏｒｍｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅｃａｂｌｅｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｏｎｌｙｂｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｔｈｅｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｔｒｅｓｓａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔａｃｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｏｎｌｙｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ.Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ,ｓｕｃｈｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｃａｌｌｅｄｔｈｅｕｎｉｌａｔ…     

The effect of the stability of mixed finite element approximations on the accuracy and rate of convergence of solution when solving incompressible flow problems

The stability of two different mixed finite element methods for incompressible flow problems are theoretically analysed. The effect of the stability of the mixed approximation on the accuracy and the rate of convergence of solution is assessed for two non-trivial problems. The numerical results presented indicate that if the stability of the mixed approximation is not guaranteed then both pressure and velocity solutions are markedly less accurate. In one of the cases considered the ultimate convergence of both the pressure and the velocity solutions is seriously in doubt.     

二维定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的数值流形方法

将流形方法应用于定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的直接数值求解,建立基于Galerkin加权余量法的N-S方程数值流形格式,有限覆盖系统采用混合覆盖形式,即速度分量取1阶和压力取0阶多项式覆盖函数,非线性流形方程组采用直接线性化交替迭代方法和Nowton-Raphson迭代方法进行求解.将混合覆盖的四节点矩形流形单元用于阶梯流和方腔驱动流动的数值算例,以较少单元获得的数值解与经典数值解十分吻合.数值实验证明,流形方法是求解定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程有效的高精度数值方法.     

Finite element analysis of axisymmetric free jet impingement

A numerical algorithm to determine the impingement of an axisymmetric free jet upon a curved deflector is presented. The problem is considered within the potential flow theory with the allowance of gravity and surface tension effects. The primary dependent variable is the Stokes streamfunction, which is approximated through finite elements using the isoparametric Hermite Zienkiewicz element. To find the correct position of the free boundaries, a trial-and-error method is employed which amounts to solving a boundary value problem (BVP) for the Stokes streamfunction at each iteration step. An efficient method is proposed to solve this BVP. The algorithm to find the correct position of the free boundaries is tested by computing the impingement upon an infinite disc and a hemispherical deflector. To confirm the correctness of the solution, each problem has been solved using several different mesh gradings. A comparison between the Zienkiewicz and the other standard C⁰ finite elements is also given.     

Hybrid finite element formulations for elastodynamic analysis in the frequency domain

Three alternative sets of hybrid formulations to solve linear elastodynamic problems by the finite element method are presented. They are termed hybrid–mixed, hybrid and hybrid–Trefftz and differ essentially on the field conditions that the approximation functions are constrained to satisfy locally. Two models, namely the displacement and the stress models, are obtained for each formulation depending on whether the tractions or the boundary displacements are the field chosen to implement interelement continuity. A Fourier time discretization is used to uncouple the solving system in the frequency domain. The basic space discretization criterion is implemented directly on the fundamental relations of elastodynamics and used to derive the stress and displacement models of the hybrid–mixed formulation. The hybrid and hybrid–Trefftz formulations are presented in sequence as the variants of the hybrid–mixed formulation obtained by progressively increasing the constraints on the approximation bases. Numerical implementation aspects are briefly discussed and the performance of the finite element models is illustrated with numerical applications.     

A domain decomposition approach to finite volume solutions of the Euler equations on unstructured triangular meshes

We report on our recent efforts on the formulation and the evaluation of a domain decomposition algorithm for the parallel solution of two‐dimensional compressible inviscid flows. The starting point is a flow solver for the Euler equations, which is based on a mixed finite element/finite volume formulation on unstructured triangular meshes. Time integration of the resulting semi‐discrete equations is obtained using a linearized backward Euler implicit scheme. As a result, each pseudo‐time step requires the solution of a sparse linear system for the flow variables. In this study, a non‐overlapping domain decomposition algorithm is used for advancing the solution at each implicit time step. First, we formulate an additive Schwarz algorithm using appropriate matching conditions at the subdomain interfaces. In accordance with the hyperbolic nature of the Euler equations, these transmission conditions are Dirichlet conditions for the characteristic variables corresponding to incoming waves. Then, we introduce interface operators that allow us to express the domain decomposition algorithm as a Richardson‐type iteration on the interface unknowns. Algebraically speaking, the Schwarz algorithm is equivalent to a Jacobi iteration applied to a linear system whose matrix has a block structure. A substructuring technique can be applied to this matrix in order to obtain a fully implicit scheme in terms of interface unknowns. In our approach, the interface unknowns are numerical (normal) fluxes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A combined approach of EFGM and precise algorithm in time domain solving viscoelasticity problems

In this paper, element free Galerkin (EFG) method is combined with a precise algorithm in the time domain for solving viscoelasticity problems. By expanding variables at discretized time intervals, an initial boundary value problem is converted into a series of recurrent boundary value problems which can be conveniently solved by EFG/EFG-FE with a self-adaptive computing process. There is no requirement of iteration for the solution of non-linear cases. Satisfactory numerical results are obtained for both static and dynamical viscoelasticity problems.     

梯度塑性的有限元分析及应变局部化模拟

对梯度塑性连续体提出了一个有限元方法．内状态变量的Ｌａｐｌａｃｉａｎ的确定基于它在求积点邻域的最小二乘方多项式近似．具体地考虑了具有一点求积和Ｈｏｕｒｇｌａｓｓ控制特点的基于胡海昌－Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕ变分原理的混合应变元和单元平均意义下的ｖｏｎ－Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则．解析地导出了梯度塑性下一致性单元切线刚度矩阵和速率本构方程的一致性积分算法．在所建议的非局部化途径中求积点的一致性条件在非局部化意义下逐点精确满足．数值例题表明所提出的非经典连续体的有限元方法求解应变局部化问题的有效性     

A problem for diffusion with relaxation in polymers

A nonlinear problem for penetrant diffusion with relaxation in polymers is considered. A numerical approach to solving this type of problems is developed. The proposed numerical scheme based on a finite element domain approximation and a time difference method can be used for numerical simulation of the considered penetrant diffusion in 2-D and 3-D domains. A numerical procedure and a corresponding computer code are created and tested for some examples in 1-D and 2-D domains.     

A hybrid numerical–asymptotic boundary element method for high frequency scattering by penetrable convex polygons

We present a novel hybrid numerical–asymptotic boundary element method for high frequency acoustic and electromagnetic scattering by penetrable (dielectric) convex polygons. Our method is based on a standard reformulation of the associated transmission boundary value problem as a direct boundary integral equation for the unknown Cauchy data, but with a nonstandard numerical discretization which efficiently captures the high frequency oscillatory behaviour. The Cauchy data is represented as a sum of the classical geometrical optics approximation, computed by a beam tracing algorithm, plus a contribution due to diffraction, computed by a Galerkin boundary element method using oscillatory basis functions chosen according to the principles of the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction. We demonstrate with a range of numerical experiments that our boundary element method can achieve a fixed accuracy of approximation using only a relatively small, frequency-independent number of degrees of freedom. Moreover, for the scattering scenarios we consider, the inclusion of the diffraction term provides an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy over the geometrical optics approximation alone.     

A self-consistent solution for nonlinear theory of the positive column in a magnetic field

Only the electron and ion gases were taken into account in all previous theories of the positive column of intermediately-low-pressure arc discharge with or without the longitudinal magnetic field, while the motion of neutral gas was neglected. In 1982, the authors^[1] presented a nonlinear theory of a positive column which indicated that the rotating velocities of neutral gas and ion gas were nearly equal, and the motion of neutral gas could not be ignored. They further discussed the problem of validity of Bohm's criterion. However, some of the parameters with which the computation was worked out in Ref. [1] were not correlated to the initial discharge parameters. In the present paper, two integral relations are supplemented, so that a complete mathematical formation of the problem is given. A convergent numerical solution is obtained by iteration and the solution of Ref. [1] turns out to be the first iteration approximation. It is shown that both functions and parameters obtained by self-consistent solution differ significantly from those obtained in the first iteration approximation. According to this paper the computation can be conducted when the initial discharge parameters are given, so this method could have certain practical applications.     

Optimal control of attitude for coupled-rigid-body spacecraft via Chebyshev-Gauss pseudospectral method

The attitude optimal control problem(OCP) of a two-rigid-body spacecraft with two rigid bodies coupled by a ball-in-socket joint is considered. Based on conservation of angular momentum of the system without the external torque, a dynamic equation of three-dimensional attitude motion of the system is formulated. The attitude motion planning problem of the coupled-rigid-body spacecraft can be converted to a discrete nonlinear programming(NLP) problem using the Chebyshev-Gauss pseudospectral method(CGPM). Solutions of the NLP problem can be obtained using the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) algorithm. Since the collocation points of the CGPM are Chebyshev-Gauss(CG) points, the integration of cost function can be approximated by the Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature, and the corresponding quadrature weights can be calculated efficiently using the fast Fourier transform(FFT). To improve computational efficiency and numerical stability, the barycentric Lagrange interpolation is presented to substitute for the classic Lagrange interpolation in the approximation of state and control variables. Furthermore, numerical float errors of the state differential matrix and barycentric weights can be alleviated using trigonometric identity especially when the number of CG points is large. A simple yet efficient method is used to avoid sensitivity to the initial values for the SQP algorithm using a layered optimization strategy from a feasible solution to an optimal solution. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is perfect for attitude motion planning of a two-rigid-body spacecraft coupled by a ball-in-socket joint through numerical simulation.