Vibrational spectra and intramolecular vibrational redistribution in methane and its isotopomers

An improved U(2) algebraic model is introduced to study the stretching and bending vibrational spectra of methane and its isotopomers.The algebraic model with fewer parameters reproduces the experimental spectra with good precision.Moreover,the obtained parameters describe well the correct behavior of isotopic substitution.It is shown that the Fermi resonance leads to a very fast intramolecular vibrational redistribution among stretches and bends.     

Theoretical calculations of vibrational frequencies and rotational constants of the N2O isotopomers

Theoretical values of vibrational frequencies and rotational constants for all the isotopomers of nitrous oxide are reported. The calculations are carried out variationally using an empirical Morse-cosine potential energy surface previously determined for N₂O, and a set of optimal internal vibrational coordinates. The spectroscopic constants obtained are compared to those extracted from spectroscopic measurements for the , , , , , and isotopomers. The agreement between calculated and observed values for these isotopomers is shown to be excellent, especially for the rotational constants. As a result, an unidentified band recently recorded is properly assigned. The spectroscopic constants computed for the rest of the isotopomers, for which observed information is much scarcer, have therefore a predictive character. The vibrational zero point energies for all the N₂O isotopomers are also given.     

NH3与MH（M=Li,Na）反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH₃与MH（M=Li,Na）的放氢反应机理.在6-311G（2d.2p）基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化.频率分析和内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.计算结果表明,NH₂与MH（M=Li,Na）的反应均为单通道的氢取代反应,反应生成LiNH₂（NaNH₂）与H₂.     

NH3与MH(M=Li,Na)反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH3与MH(M=Li,Na)的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(2d,2p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化,频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系。计算结果表明,NH3与MH(M=Li,Na)的反应均为单通道的氢取代反应,反应生成LiNH2(NaNH2)与H2。     

NH3与BeH2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

金属-N-H体系储氢材料在放氢反应过程中往往伴随着NH3的释放,且NH3会对材料的储放氢性能产生重要影响.采用密度泛函理论当中的杂化密度泛函(B3LYP)方法,6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对NH3与BeH2的微观反应机理进行了理论计算分析,对得到的中间体和过渡态进行频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析,以判断中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.使用QCISD方法在6-311G(d,p)基组水平对各驻点的单点能进行计算,给出能量信息.计算结果表明:BeH2与NH3主要以摩尔比为1:2进行反应,分两步氢取代过程,生成产物Be(NH2)2和2H2.反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于BeH2和NH3,反应的关键是脱氢,主要在于克服N-H键断裂所需能量.相比较而言从NH3中脱氢比从-NH2中脱氢较易.     

NH_3与MgH_2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH_3与MgH_2的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化.频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.计算结果表明:反应分两步单通道的氢取代过程,且反应过程相类似,反应生成Mg(NH_2)_2和2H_2.两步氢取代反应所释放的H_2中两个H原子分别来源于NH_3和MgH_2.反应脱氢的关键在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量.     

NH_3与CaH_2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)当中的B3LYP(杂化密度泛函)方法,于6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对NH_3与CaH_2的反应机理进行了计算分析,对反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化,得到其构型和基本参数.对得到的中间体和过渡态进行频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算,以证实中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.使用QCISD方法在6-311G(d,p)基组水平对各驻点的单点能进行计算,给出能量信息.计算结果表明:CaH_2与NH_3主要以摩尔比为1:2进行反应,分两步氢取代过程,生成产物Ca(NH2)2和2H2.反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于CaH_2和NH_3,反应的关键是脱氢,主要在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量.相比较而言从NH_3中脱氢比从—NH2中脱氢较易.     

NH3与MgH2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH3与MgH2的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(d, p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化。频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系。计算结果表明。反应分两步单通道的氢取代过程,且反应过程相类似,反应生成Mg(NH2)2和2H2。两步氢取代反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于NH3和MgH2。反应脱氢的关键在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量。     

Wavelength dependence of electron localization of H_2~+ and its isotopomers in the UV-pump-probe scheme

The wavelength dependence of electron localization of H_2~+ and its isotopomers in the ultraviolet pump-probe scheme is investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrdinger equation. By combining with a semiclassical method,an effective analytical formula expressed in the adiabatic representation is established to describe the localization probability with several zero crossings. A stable zone with respect to the laser intensity and carrier envelope phase is found at a relatively long probe wavelength. Finally, the critical probe wavelengths to reach at the stable zone are derived by using the three-dimensional model. Slower nuclear motion of heavier isotopomers leads to a longer critical wavelength.     

Theoretical study on the mechanism for NH3BH3 reduction of ketones and imines

In spite of a potential hydrogen storage material, ammonia borane (AB) was recently found to be a good hydrogenation reagent. It can reduce certain ketones to alcohols or borate esters, and imines to amines. The mechanisms of these reactions are not fully understood yet, and have been systematically studied using high-level CCSD(T) calculations in this work. We have validated theoretically that the forming of alcohols and amines undergoes concerted double-hydrogen transfer (DHT) mechanism. Furthermore, we predicted that the DHT process is facile for more general ketones and imines. For the borate ester formation, we found a pretty high barrier for the experimentally derived stepwise mechanism. Alternatively, we propose that the reaction starts with the DHT process to form alcohol and NH₂BH₂, followed by alcoholysis of NH₂BH₂ to form the first B–O bond. This mechanism is in good agreement with the current experimental facts, and also explains why ketone reduction affords different products at different conditions. For these reaction systems, the performances of M06-2x and MP2 (underestimate the barrier by 5–7 kcal/mol, but with right trends) are better than B3LYP and BLYP methods (underestimate the barrier by 0–5 kcal/mol).     

CH3NH3 + as a quantum and classical rotor

Spin-lattice relaxation time T ₁ is determined for protons in three polycrystals (CH₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁, (CD₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ and (CH₃ND₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times obtained for (CH₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ and (CD₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ are interpreted as a result of correlated motions of the three-proton groups of the monomethylammonium cation. ²H NMR lines of (CD₃NH₃)₃Sb₂Br₉ have been recorded between 5 K and 291 K using solid echo method. The ²H NMR line shape analysis shows that characteristic shape of tunnelling methyl group appears at about 25 K and coming down with temperature up to 5 K is more distinct. From theoretical calculation, it has been found that in the quadrupolar constants is 161.3 kHz and tunnelling frequency is above 3 MHz.     

SbS电子基态及激发态势能曲线和振动能级的理论研究

运用多参考组态相互作用(MRCI+Q)方法,对硫化锑(SbS)能量最低的3个?-S离解极限的所有电子态以及考虑自旋-轨道耦合效应后分裂所得的Ω态进行了计算.得到27个?-S电子态及能量最低的12个Ω态的电子结构、光谱常数和振动能级等信息. Sb原子和S原子能级的计算值与实验值相符很好.分析表明自旋-轨道耦合效应对光谱常数与振动能级的影响总体上并不显著.对X(3/2)→X(1/2), 2(1/2)→X(1/2), 4(1/2)→X(1/2), 5(1/2)→X(1/2)及6(1/2)→X(1/2)跃迁的振动光谱进行了模拟与分析,其中X(3/2)→X(1/2)谱带位于中红外波段,其他谱带均位于可见光波段.此外,对氮族元素硫化物的电子态进行了验证计算,计算结果与已有实验结果吻合较好,体现了同族元素代换后相关物性的渐变规律性.     

The study of the vibrational spectra of NH4Cl and NH4Br at high pressures

The vibrational spectra of NH₄Cl at pressures of up to 2.6 GPa and of NH₄Br at pressures of up to 7 GPa are investigated by the method of inelastic incoherent scattering of neutrons. It is found that a linear baric dependence of a librational mode changes its slope above the pressure of transition from a disordered cubic phase into an ordered cubic phase with a CsCl-type structure. The slope of the baric dependence of the transverse optical translational mode remains invariant. Estimates for the Grüneisen parameters are presented and the shape of the potential function is calculated in the one-dimensional approximation for librational vibrations in disordered and ordered cubic phases with a CsCl-type structure. It is shown that the phenomena observed are attributed to the high anharmonicity in the disordered phase.     

Deuteron NMR spectra of NH3D+ Ions

A theory of deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra is outlined for NH₃D⁺ ions. Dipolar interactions among all five spins in the ion contribute to the shape of the deuteron spectra. Dimensions of the ammonium ion can be derived from the structure of the single-crystal spectra. The analysis of the spectra supplies ways to distinguish between cases of rigid, tunnelling or reorienting protons. Single-crystal spectra of partially deuterated ammonium perchlorate measured at 5 K provide examples of the applicability of the theory. Distances between nuclei are derived. Evidence is provided for tunnelling and reorientation of protons in NH₃D⁺ ions. Deuteron spectra indicate that NH₃D⁺ ions exhibit a diverse mobility. There exist ions with immobile deuterons which populate one position in the crystal unit cell (isotopic ordering), while the deuterons in the remaining ions reorient about C₃ axes parallel to the N-D bond orientation of the rigid ones. The contribution of the latter increases with increasing temperature.     

NH2自由基(~A)2A1,(~X)2B1电子态弯曲振动能级的理论计算

采用大振幅弯曲振动哈密顿,考虑到电子轨道角动量的ＲｅｎｎｅｒＴｅｌｅｒ效应,从理论上计算了自由基ＮＨ２Ａ２Ａ１,Ｘ２Ｂ１电子态弯曲振动及其Ｋ型转动能级,计算结果在较大的能量范围内与实验数据符合较好。     

The dipole polarizability of the hydrogen molecular cation HD+ and other isotopomers

Fully non-adiabatic calculations are reported of the electric dipole polarizabilities for the N = 0 and N = 1 levels of the ground electronic states of H⁺ ₂ (ν ≤ 16), D⁺ ₂ (ν ≤ 24) and HD⁺ (ν ≤ 20). For H⁺ ₂ (ν = 0, N = 0) the calculated value still differs from the experimental value; this difference cannot be explained by the inclusion of higher order contributions.     

Theoretical interpretation of the vibrational spectra of methyl-substitutedS-triazine

The problems of normal vibrations of mono-, di-, and trimethyl-substituted S-triazine are solved. Assignments of the frequencies of fundamental vibrations for an aromatic ring and methyl groups are suggested. Corrections for methyl substitution for the force constants of S-triazine are determined. The groups of characteristic and noncharacteristic vibrations of the aromatic ring of S-triazine on substitution of hydrogen are established. Saratov State University, 83, Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov, 410601, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 322–325, May–June, 1998.     

Electron-coupled nuclear spin-spin interactions in hydrogen and its isotopomers

Theoretical values of the bond-length dependence of the nuclear spin-spin coupling J(HD) in the HD molecule have been obtained by Schulman and Kaufman. Although scope exists for their improvement they are the only results available and are sufficiently close to the true values to justify the making of predictions of the coupling in the isotopomers of HD and the temperature dependences of the coupling in these compounds. HT appears to be the most promising compound to study experimentally, and the predicted spin-spin coupling increase of about 1·5 Hz on increasing the temperature from 100 K to 450 K should be measurable. The negative isotope effect on the reduced spin-spin coupling of the hydrogen molecule predicted theoretically is of the same sign as that suggested for primary isotope effects from experimental investigations.     

Theoretical study of the second-order vibrational Stark effect

The behaviour of the harmonic infrared frequency of diatomic molecules subjected to moderate static uniform electric fields is analysed. The potential energy expression has been developed as a function of a static uniform electric field, which brings about a formulation describing the frequency versus field strength curve. With the help of the first and second derivatives of the expressions obtained, which correspond to the first- and second-order Stark effects, it was possible to find the maxima of the frequency versus field strength curves for a series of molecules using a Newton-Raphson search. A method is proposed which requires only the calculation of a few energy derivatives at a particular value of the field strength. At the same time, the expression for the dependence of the interatomic distance on the electric field strength is derived and the minimum of this curve is found for the same species. Derived expressions and numerical results are discussed and compared with other studies.