RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF ε-CAPROLACTONE USING LANTHANIDE TRIS（N-PHENYL-3,5-DI-T-BUTYLSALICYLALDIMINATO）S AS SINGLE COMPONENT CATALYST

Ring-opening polymerization ofε-caprolactone has been carried out by using rare earth Schiff base complexes: lanthanide tris(N-pheny1-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldiminato)s[Ln(OPBS)_3]as single component catalyst for the first time.The influences of different rare earth elements,monomer and catalyst concentration as well as reaction time on the polymerization were investigated.Mechanism studies showed that monomer inserts into the active site with the acyl-oxygen bond scission rather than the break of alkyl-oxygen bond.     

HETEROCYCLIC SCHIFF BASE NEODYMIUM COMPLEX AS CATALYST FOR RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF ε-CAPROLACTONE

An aromatic heterocyclic Schiff base neodymium complex bearing thiazole was synthesized and its activity in the ring-opening polymerization ofε-caprolactone(CL)was examined.The conditions of the CL/Nd molar ratio,monomer concentration,polymerization time and temperature were investigated.Activities of ca.171 kg/Nd·h were obtained under the optimum condition(CL/Nd=1600(molar ratio),[CL]=2.26 mol L~(-1),1 h at 50℃),giving a poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)of number-average molecular weight M_n=5.4×10~4 and molecular weight distribution MWD=1.96.The conversion of CL monomer as high as 94% was observed after polymerized for one hour.The mechanism of coordination polymerization has also been illustrated.     

HETEROCYCLIC SCHIFF BASE NEODYMIUM COMPLEX AS CATALYST FOR RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF ε-CAPROLACTONE

An aromatic heterocyclic Schiff base neodymium complex bearing thizole was synthesized and its activity in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) was examined. The conditions of the CL/Nd molar ratio, monomer concentration, polymerization time and temperature were investigated. Activities of ca.171 kg/Nd·h were obtained under the optimum condition (CL/Nd = 1600 (molar ratio), |CL] = 2.26 mol L-1, 1 h at 50℃), giving a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) of number-average molecular weight Mn = 5.4 × 104 and molecular weight distribution MWD = 1.96. The conversion of CL monomer as high as 94% was observed after polymerized for one hour. The mechanism of coordination polymerization has also been illustrated.     

RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TRIMETHYLENE CARBONATE CATALYZED BY NOVEL SINGLE COMPONENT RARE EARTH CALIXARENE COMPLEXES

In this paper, ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with rare earth (Nd, Y, La) p-tert-butylcalix[n]arene (n=4, 6, and 8) complexes as catalysts has been studied. Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) with Mv of 21,400 was produced by bulk polymerization under the conditions as follows: [TMC]0/[Nd] (molar ratio)=1000,80℃,8h. Mechanism study reveals that the polymerization proceeds via a coordination mechanism.     

THE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF D,L-LACTIDE WITH ONE COMPONENT RARE EARTH CATALYST

(D, L)-Lactide (LA) was first polymerized with one component of rare earth cata-lysts [Nd(naph)_3, Nd(oct)_3, Nd(O-iPr)3, Nd(AcAc)_3, Y(AcAc)_3, Sm(AcAc)_3, Er(AcAc)_3)]respectively in solution and in melt state. The effects of [Cat]/[LA] molar ratio, solvents,polymerization time, temperature, various rare earth elements and ligands were investi-gated in detail. The results showed that both the conversion of polymerization and themolecular weight (MW) of poly (D, L-Lactide) (PLA) in melt polymerization are higherthan that in solution polymerization, but the polymerization rate in melt was lowr than insolution. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of PLA is broader with increasing tem-perature. X-ray study indicated that PLA obtained by Nd(AcAc)_3 in melt polymerizationis an amorphous polymer.     

TARTARIC ACID TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS Ti-INCORPORATED SILICA AND ITS CATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR THE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF ε-CAPROLACTONE

Ti-incorporated mesoporous silica materials with pore diameters of 3-4 nm have been prepared via the co-hydrolysis and co-condensation reactions, that is the sol-gel reactions, of titanium (IV) tetrabutoxide and tetraethylorthosilicate in the presence of tartaric acid as template, followed by extraction with ethanol to remove the templatemolecules. The materials were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption test, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Theresults indicate that the Ti-containing silica materials have large specific surface areas (ca. 1200 m~2 g~(-1)) and pore volumes(ca. 0.900 cm~3 g~(-1)). The mesoporosity arises from disordered interconnecting channels or pores. The Ti-incorporated silicasexhibit catalytic activity for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, otherwise, the pure mesoporous silicamaterial shows no catalytic activity under the identical conditions.     

POLYMERIZATION MECHANISM OF N-VINYLCARBAZOLE WITH CHIRALLY ORGANIC SALT AS CATALYST

The polymerization mechanism is described by the conductance changewith the time during the polymerization. The mechanism can be explained by the equi-librium feature (i.e. main ion-pairs) between the free ions and the ion-pairs dissociated bythe organic salt (-) Sp~/(*~+) (+) CSA~(*~-) (An asterisk represents the chirality) and the schemeof the polymerization process is described mainly by the charge transfer complexes havingchiral induction power.     

RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF l,4-DIOXAN-2-ONE INITIATED BY LANTHANUM TRIS(2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYL-4-METHYLPHENOLATE)

The ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-one (PDO) was carried out by lanthanum tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate) (La(OAr)3) as novel single component initiator. The influences of polymerization reaction temperature and the molar ratio of monomer to initiator on the monomer conversion and molecular weight of poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) (PPDO) were explored. PPDO with high viscosity average molecular weight of 1.95×105 can be prepared at 40℃when [PDO]/ [La(OAr)3] molar ratio was 800. Mechanism investigation shows that the polymerization proceeds through a "coordinationinsertion" mechanism with selective rupture of acyl-oxygen bond of PDO.     

THE STUDYOF SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYPHENYLACETYLENE USING WOBr_4AS CATALYST

A new kind of catalyst WOBr_4,which can be used in the polymerization ofphenylacetylene(PhA),has been synthesized.The obtained polyphenyl(?)cetylene(PPhA)using WOBr_4 as catalyst is soluble、fusible、with brown-red colour and has 1831(Mn).The analysis of the stucture of PPhA shows that the polymer has cis-transoidalstructure,therefore,the reaction mechanism is via complex catalysis.     

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC (ARYLENE PHOSPHONATE) OLIGOMERS

INTRODUCTIONThe use of cyclic oligomers as macrocyclic precursors for the preparation of high performance polymers byring-opening polymerization (ROP) has sparked much interest in recent years. It could produce a revolutionarychange in the preparation of advanced composite materials, and is of great importance in the polymerizationprocess yielding polymers such as the reinforced reactive injection model (RRIM) and the resin transfer model(RTM) etc. Within the last 10 years, the synthes…     

RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF 1,4-DIOXAN-2-ONE INITIATED BY LANTHANUM TRIS（ 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYL-4-METHYLPHENOLATE）

The ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-one （PDO） was carried out by lanthanum tris（2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenolate） （La（OAr）3） as novel single component initiaLor. The influences of polymerization reaction temperature and the molar ratio of monomer to initiator on the monomer conversion and molecular weight of poly（1,4-dioxan-2-one） （PPDO） were explored. PPDO with high viscosity average molecular weight of 1.95×10^5 can be prepared at 40℃ when [PDO]/ [La（OAr）3] molar ratio was 800. Mechanism investigation shows that the polymerization proceeds through a ＂coordination- insertion＂ mechanism with selective rupture of acyl-oxygen be,nd of PDO.     

MACROCYCLES. 9. SMECTIC MULTIBLOCK COPOLYESTERS VIA MACROCYCLIC POLYMERIZATION OF δ-VALEROLACTONE AND ε-CAPROLACTONE

Using 2,2-dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3-dioxepane (DSDOP) as cyclic initiator 1:1 copolymerizations of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and δ-valerolactone (δ-VC) were conducted in bulk at 80°C. A nearly equimolar incorporation and a random sequence were found by NMR spectroscopy and crystallization below 20°C was detected by DSC measurements. In a second series of experiments, the in situ formed macrocyclic copolyesters were reacted with an excess of sebacoyl chloride and after addition of silylated 4,4′,-dihydroxybiphenyl copolycondensations were performed in bulk at 230°C. These copolycondensations proceeded satisfactorily without significant transesterification and despite a biphasic character of the melt. This biphasic character resulted from the formation of a smectic LC-phase by the 4,4′-dioxybiphenyl sebacate blocks. For comparison a homopolyester was prepared from sebacoyl chloride and silylated 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl. The thermal properties of this homopolyester and of the LC-blocks in the copolyester were nearly identical indicating the absence of transesterification during the synthesis at 230°C. However, the properties of the LC-phase above 200–210°C did not completely agree with the data reported for the homopolyester in the literature (which are themselves inconsistent).     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY(5,5-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXAN-2-ONE)BY LIPASE-CATALYZED RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION

Porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) and PPL immobilized on narrow distributed micron-sized glass beads wereemployed successfully for the ring-opening polymerization of 5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxan-2-one (DTC) for the first time.Different polymerization conditions such as enzyme concentration and reaction temperature were studied. Immobilized PPLexhibits higher activity than native PPL. Along wth the increasing enzyme concentration, the molecular weigh of resultingPDTC decreases. PPL immobilized on narrow distributed micron-sized glass beads has outstanding recyclability. For thethird recycle time, immobilized PPL exhibits the highest catalytic activity and with high activity even after the fifth recyletime for the synthesis of PDTC. The ~1H-NMR spectra indicate that decarboxylation does not occur during the ring-openingpolymerization.     

SYNTHESIS OF 2—HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE BY USING STRONG ACIDIC CATION ION EXCHANGE RESIN AS CATALYST

2－Hydroxyethyl acrylate is synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylene glycol under a simple and mild condition by using strong acidic cation ion exchange resin as a catalyst,which could be recycled as long as 10 times with high activation.     

SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE USING (α-DIIMINE)NICKEL(Ⅱ) -TiCl4 COMBINED AND SUPPORTED CATALYST

(a-Diimine)nickel(Ⅱ) {[C6H5 - N = C(CH3) - C(CH3) = N - C6H5]NiBr2}-TiCl4 abbreviated as NiL-TiCl4combined catalyst which is supported on MgCl2-SiO2 carrier has been prepared, by using alkyl aluminum (AlR3) as the cocatalyst in place of methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze ethylene oligomerization and copolymerization in situ. The influences of procedure for supporting NiL-TiCl4, the molar ratio of NiL to TiCl4, cocatalyst type and polymerization temperature on the catalytic performance were studied. The degree of branching and the composition of the branched chain of polymers produced have been investigated by IR and 13C-NMR spectra. The results show that the combined catalyst can synthesize the branched polyethylene with various banched chains .The polymerization reaction was monitored by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that this catalyst promotes the oligomerization and copolymerization in situ for ethylene.     

STUDIES ON THE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN Ⅳ. COPOLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN AND PROPYLENE OXIDE INITIATED BY FUMING SULFURIC ACID AND PERCHLORIC ACID CATALYST SYSTEM

The yield of copolymerization of tetrahydrofuran and propylene oxide (THF:PO=100:5—15, by wt.) using a binary catalyst of fuming sulfuric acid (21% or 28%) and perchloric acid is around 50—60%, and the loss of THF in the reaction is below 10—15%. The average molecular weight of the product can be controlled in the range of 1000—2000 by varying the binary catalyst system. The present method, which is different from the usual copolymerization initiated by BF_3-diol or SbCl_5-diol system, shows the pecularities i.e. the yield of copolymerization with the low PO feed is not decreased, the hydroxyl functionality is equal to 2, and the end-groups are predominantly primary hydroxyls (around 65—70%).     

SYNTHESIS AND CATIONIC RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF 1, 4-ANHYDRO-2, 3-DI-O-(P-AZIDOBENZYL)-α-D-RIBOPYRANOSE

New highly stereoregular 2, 3 -di- O-(p-azidobenzyl )-(1 →5 ) - α-D -ribofuranan was synthesized byselective ring-opening polymerization of 1, 4-anhydro-2, 3 - di-O -(p-azidobenzyl )-α-D -ribopyranose(ADABR) using phosphorus pentafluoride or tin tetrachloride as catalyst at low temperature indichloromethane. The monomer was obtained by the reaction of p - bromomethyl -phenyleneazide with 1, 4 -anhydro-α-D-ribose in DMF. The structure of poly(ADANR) was identified by specific rotation and ~(13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Acid chloride-AgCl_4 complex catalyst such as CH_2=C(CH_3)C~+OClO_4~- used in thepolymerization resulted in polymers with mixed structures, i.e. (1→5)-α-D-ribofuranosidic and (1→4)-β-D-ribopyranosidic units. However, with C_6H_5C~+OClO_4~- as catalyst, pure (1→5)-α-D-ribofuranan was obtained.The effects of catalyst, polymerization temperature and time on polymer stereoregularity were examined, andthe mechanism of the ring-opening polymerization was discussed.     

STUDIES ON THE REACTION OF d-ACETAMIDCCINNAMAMIDE WITH TRIS(DIETHYLAMINO)PHOSPHINE

d-Acetamidocinnamamide do not react with P(OMe)_3, with P(NEt_2)_3 they give rise to 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-d-[bis(diethylamino)phosphoryl] benzyl imidazole.The pathway is studied for the formation of Ⅰ. The two intermediates(Ⅱ) are isolated.The structures of Ⅰ and Ⅱ are confirmed by IR, ~1H NMR, ~(31)P NMR, Ms.     

SYNTHESIS AND FREE RADICAL RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF 2-METHYL-AND 2-METHYL-9-n-BUTYL-(-7-METHYLENE-1,4,6-TRIOXA-SPIRO (4, 4)NONANE)

This paper describes the synthesis and free radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-and 2-methyl-9-n-butyl (-7-methylene-1, 4, 6-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane). The structures of the two polymers were verified by IR, 'H and ~(13)C NMR spectra. The substituent on 9-position of 7-methylene-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane affects the structure of polymer and polymerization activity. The polymerization mechanism is discussed.     

PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF Ce (Ⅳ) INITIATED METHYL ACRYLATE POLYMERIZATION

The influences of UV light irradiation (313 nm) and diffused daylight on the polymerization of methyl acrylate initiated by the ceric ammonium nitrate without any reducing agent have been studied both in aqueous nitric acid and in pure water. The rate of polymerization was found to be accelerated and the overall activation energy and the induction time were found to be decreased sharply by the UV light irradiation. Under UV light, the rate of polymerization is 8 times as high as the rate in dark. The rate of polymerization was found to attain a maximum with the increase of nitric acid concentration and the rate of polymerization became less sensitive to UV light in the presence of nitric acid whereas the induction period reduced outstandingly. Based on the experimental results, the mechanism is proposed.