轴对称问题的对角线化—致质量矩阵和弹塑性撞击的动力有限元分析

本文找到了轴对称问题的三角圆环有限元的对角线化一致质量矩阵,从而克服了集总质量法的粗略随意性所引起的不安,以及一致质量法的非对角线项对计算工作带来的麻烦.本文也对弹塑性轴对称撞击问题提供了动力有限元分析计算的基础.     

应力协调迭代法在高速冲击动力有限元中的应用

在EPIC[2][3],NONSAP[4]等弹塑性撞击动力有限元程序中,有一个共同的弱点是都采取了静力有限元方法,把位移函数用线性插值表示.单元之间应力是非协调的.因此应用虚功原理的基础不合理.为了克服以上困难,本文引入一个新的方法,即协调应力迭代法.实例表明,这种方法在冲击动力有限元计算中是稳定和精确的,同时具有减小单元刚度的作用.     

浅水方程初边值问题几种新的差分格式及其数值试验

本文提出几种有限差分法求解绝对坐标系中浅水方程的新方法;对五个对角线矩阵也提出了效率高而且简单的两级迭代计算的有效方法.这种迭代法可以用来处理浅水方法的多格计算.最后我们研究了初始边界值问题.通过数值试验证明,线性正弦波会逐步变为非线性的圆锥型波.     

解椭圆型方程的有限元法

本文阐述的解椭圆型方程的有限元方法，就是由椭圆型方程得到的线性代数方程组的一个分块解法．我们对节点做适当的排序，使得系数矩阵主对角线上的子块都是（不大于３）的多对角形．这样在运用电子计算机计算时，可以有效地节省计算机的存贮和运算工作量并且程序也远较其它处理稀疏矩阵的方法简单．     

有限元和直接积分法瞬态动力计算的时空离散协调问题

本文对有限元和直接积分法瞬态动力计算的时空离散协调问题进行了研究,本文分别分析了空间离散和时间离散所引起的数值误差,提出了均衡空间离散引起的能量误差和时间离散引起的能量误差的原则,并给出时空离散协调的前处理方案和自适应方案。     

线性代数中特征向量的一个应用

在线性代数中,特征向量在矩阵的对角化过程中起着重要作用.从一个引例出发,证明了:一个矩阵与对角矩阵可交换当且仅当它可以用以特征向量为列向量的两个矩阵表示.做为推论,如果对角矩阵对角线上的相同元素在相邻位置,那么与其可交换的矩阵只能是准对角矩阵.     

矩阵不可约的充要条件

本文利用可达性给出矩阵不可约的一个充要条件。在此基础法上,讨论可达性矩阵的性质,进而给出将一类可约矩阵化为主对角线上都为不可约子块的块上三角阵。这个方法可以在计算机上实施,实用而方便。     

有限元法求解瞬态温度场时的数值振荡研究

针对有限元求解瞬态温度场时解的振荡问题,通过对热传导矩阵和热容矩阵的分析,研究了数值仿真中解的振荡原因以及消除振荡的方法.研究结果表明,热传导矩阵违反了热力学第二定律,以及在迭代初期协调热容矩阵的单元内温度变化率的连续性假设与实际偏差很大是产生数值振荡的原因.规范单元形状和采用适当的集中热容矩阵,可以有效消除数值振荡.同时,以无限大平板传热过程为背景,通过不同计算方法的对比,验证分析了结论.     

矩阵束最佳逼近问题的交替投影法

研究给定矩阵束的最佳逼近问题,这类问题出现在同时修正有限元模型质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的无阻尼结构系统.以矩阵束修正量的F-范数为目标函数,以待修正矩阵束应具有的性质,如满足特征方程、对称半正定性和稀疏性作为约束条件,形成带约束的矩阵束最佳逼近问题.基于交替投影方法,提出了求解矩阵束最佳逼近问题的一个数值方法.数值结果显示了新方法的有效性.     

三对角线阵行列式恒等式及应用

本文导出了求三对角线阵行列式的显式表示.这个恒等式可应用于研究三对角线阵的逆矩阵和特征值性质以及求某些正交多项式的显式表示,并能由此导出一类有用的恒等式.     

具有对角线化的一致质量矩阵的动力有限元和弹塑性撞击计算

在EPIC[1、2]、NONSAP[3]等弹塑性撞击计算的有限元程序中,都有一些共同的弱点.所有这些程序,都采用静力学问题中常用的简单线性形状函数来描写各位移分量.在这样的有限元法中,应变和应力分量在每一有限元中都是常量.但在运动方程中,应力分量都是以它们的空间导数的形式出现的.于是,在采用了线性形状函数来表达的位移分量以后,应力分量对运动方程的贡献必恒等于零.克服这种困难的一般方法是通过虚位移原理,把运动方程化为能量关系的变分形式,从而建立既作用在结点上而又在每一有限元内自相平衡的人为内力平衡系统.把施加在某一结点上的所有相邻有限元的人为内力的作用叠加在一起,就能计算这一结点的加速度.但是从虚位移原理化为能量关系的变分形式时,要求位移和应力在积分域内处处连续.也就是说,要求位移和应力有限元都是协调的.我们很易看到,线性形状函数所描述的位移有限元是连续协调的,但其有关的应力分量在有限元界面上,则并不连续.所以,这样的有限元处理,是否收敛并无把握,即使从近似角度看,也是难以令人满意的.而且,为了计算结点的加速度,我们还应该有建立质量矩阵的计算规则.目前有两种计算方法:一种是集总(lumped)质量法,另一种是一致(consistent)质量法[4].     

瞬态动力问题的遂单元矩阵分裂和逐步积分方法

本文对瞬态动力问题,结合逐步积分方法提出了一类广义的矩阵分裂和逐单元松弛算法,摆脱了有限元法通常需形成总体刚度矩阵,总体质量矩阵和求解大型稀疏方程组的工作,理论分析和计算实例表明,本文的广义矩阵分裂是最优的分裂方案.本文的算法物理意义明确,便于编写程序推广应用.     

Numerical solution of the acoustic wave equation using Raviart–Thomas elements

In this paper we discuss the numerical approximation of the displacement form of the acoustic wave equation using mixed finite elements. The mixed formulation allows for approximation of both displacement and pressure at each time step, without the need for post-processing. Lowest-order and next-to-lowest-order Raviart–Thomas elements are used for the spatial discretization, and centered finite differences are used to advance in time. Use of these Raviart–Thomas elements results in a diagonal mass matrix for resolution of pressure, and a mass matrix for the displacement variable that is sparse with a simple structure. Convergence results for a model problem are provided, as are numerical results for a two-dimensional problem with a point source.     

Applications of the Generalized Fourier Transform in Numerical Linear Algebra

Equivariant matrices, commuting with a group of permutation matrices, are considered. Such matrices typically arise from PDEs and other computational problems where the computational domain exhibits discrete geometrical symmetries. In these cases, group representation theory provides a powerful tool for block diagonalizing the matrix via the Generalized Fourier Transform (GFT). This technique yields substantial computational savings in problems such as solving linear systems, computing eigenvalues and computing analytic matrix functions such as the matrix exponential. The paper is presenting a comprehensive self contained introduction to this field. Building upon the familiar special (finite commutative) case of circulant matrices being diagonalized with the Discrete Fourier Transform, we generalize the classical convolution theorem and diagonalization results to the noncommutative case of block diagonalizing equivariant matrices. Applications of the GFT in problems with domain symmetries have been developed by several authors in a series of papers. In this paper we elaborate upon the results in these papers by emphasizing the connection between equivariant matrices, block group algebras and noncommutative convolutions. Furthermore, we describe the algebraic structure of projections related to non-free group actions. This approach highlights the role of the underlying mathematical structures, and provides insight useful both for software construction and numerical analysis. The theory is illustrated with a selection of numerical examples. AMS subject classification (2000) 43A30, 65T99, 20B25     

-curved finite elements and applications to plate and shell problems

Many thin-plate and thin-shell problems are set on plane reference domains with a curved boundary. Their approximation by conforming finite-elements methods requires ¹-curved finite elements entirely compatible with the associated ¹-rectilinear finite elements. In this contribution we introduce a ¹-curved finite element compatible with the P₅-Argyris element, we study its approximation properties, and then, we use such an element to approximate the solution of thin-plate or thin-shell problems set on a plane-curved boundary domain. We prove the convergence and we get a priori asymptotic error estimates which show the very high degree of accuracy of the method. Moreover we obtain criteria to observe when choosing the numerical integration schemes in order to preserve the order of the error estimates obtained for exact integration.     

Numerical manifold method for vibration analysis of Kirchhoff's plates of arbitrary geometry

Many rectangular plate elements developed in the history of finite element method (FEM) have displayed excellent numerical properties, yet their applications have been limited due to inability to conform to the arbitrary geometry of plates and shells. Numerical manifold method (NMM), considered to be a generalization of FEM, can easily solve this issue by viewing a mesh made up of rectangular elements as mathematical cover. In this study, ACM element (Adini and Clough element from A. Adini, R.W. Clough, Analysis of plate bending by the finite element method, University of California, 1960), a typical rectangular plate element is first integrated in the framework of NMM. Then, vibration analysis of arbitrary shaped thin plates is conducted employing the tailored NMM. Using the definition of integral of scalar functions on manifolds, we developed a mathematically rigorous mass lumping scheme for creating a symmetric and positive definite lumped mass matrix that is easy to inverse. A series of numerical experiments have been studied and analyzed, including free and forced vibration of thin plates with various shapes, validating the proposed mass lumping scheme can supersede the consistent mass formulation in those cases.     

On the determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes of cable-stayed bridges

An accurate analysis of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a cable-stayed bridge is fundamental to the solution of its dynamic responses due to seismic, wind and traffic loads. In most previous studies, the stay cables have been modelled as single truss elements in conventional finite element analysis. This method is simple but it is inadequate for the accurate dynamic analysis of a cable-stayed bridge because it essentially precludes the transverse cable vibrations. This paper presents a comprehensive study of various modelling schemes for the dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges. The modelling schemes studied include the finite element method and the dynamic stiffness method. Both the mesh options of modelling each stay cable as a single truss element with an equivalent modulus and modelling each stay cable by a number of cable elements with the original modulus are studied. Their capability to account for transverse cable vibrations in the overall dynamic analysis as well as their accuracy and efficiency are investigated.     

THE LOWER APPROXIMATION OF EIGENVALUE BY LUMPED MASS FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In the present paper, we investigate properties of lumped mass finite element method (LFEM hereinafter) eigenvalues of elliptic problems. We propose an equivalent formulation of LFEM and prove that LFEM eigenvalues are smaller than the standard finite element method (SFEM hereinafter) eigenvalues. It is shown, for model eigenvalue problems with uniform meshes, that LFEM eigenvalues are not greater than exact solutions and that they are increasing functions of the number of elements of the triangulation, and numerical examples show that this result equally holds for general problems.