2019年泰州市某区PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评价

了解泰州市某区大气环境中多环芳烃的浓度水平和人群暴露健康风险水平,可为污染防治提供参考依据.2019年每个月连续采集7天PM2.5,称重法计算PM2.5的质量浓度,超声萃取-液相色谱法测定PM2.5中16种多环芳烃,特征比值法判断多环芳烃来源,人群终身致癌超额危险度评估经呼吸途径产生的健康暴露风险.结果显示,全年萘、苊...     

饮水中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱分析-柱子切换和检测波长程序法

不少多环芳烃(PAH)对人类有致癌或致突变的特性,分离和测定各类水(地面水、饮用水等)中PAH含量历来是环境分析者感兴趣的课题。对于PAH的分离与测定,以色谱法居多。本文报道了水中痕量PAH先经Seppak-C_(18)富集,再用液相色谱柱切换和荧光检测波长分级程序法进行分离测定。方法的色谱检测极限为0.01μg/1。实验 (一)主要仪器及试剂 HPLC仪器由M6000A泵、U6K进样器、M440紫外检测器(UV.254nm,Waters Co.)     

大庆澄清油芳烃组分炭化过程中间产物——多环芳烃的质谱分析

利用质谱法对炭化中间相产物中多环芳烃(PAH)的组成及分布进行了考察。用六或七个芳核类型(芳环数为三至六)表征了多环芳烃的组成。其主要组分为含有一或两个取代基(甲基、乙基)的三至六环的PAH,其分子量分布范围为200—350,主要集中在270左右。所得结果与~1H-NMR波谱法的平均结构表征的数据相符合。     

水中多环芳烃的高速液相色谱分析

在目前已发现的450多种致癌物质中有200多种为多环芳烃(PAH)。水中多环芳烃的分析对于水的监测和治理十分重要,在这方面国外已进行了很多研究。我国对PAH的分析多以3,4苯并芘为代表,大多采用纸层荧光法。这种方法设备虽简单,但能分离的组分单一,操作费时。高速液相色谱法具有分离能力强,操作简单以及与荧光光度计联用时的高灵敏度、高     

多环芳烃的结构预测计数和一揽子分子轨道计算

本文在文献[1]的基础上,对多环芳烃(PAH)图进行了数学论证,论证了PAH线性符号系统即特征数的唯一性,结构预测计数中判别全芳性的偶数定理,特征数连接矩阵变换定理和程序设计的离散数学策略等。首次提出了一揽子分子轨道法(WMO)及蕴含分子一切拓朴信息的线性符号,实现了有真实化学意义的PAH结构预测计数,开拓了对整类化合物自动计算的先例,并已成功地在我们实验室的结构致癌性能的研究等方面,常规地应用。     

不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的PM10中多环芳烃的研究

对大气可吸入颗粒物采样器进行改装,建立了垃圾焚烧炉烟气中PM10采样系统,并采集了三家垃圾发电厂焚烧炉排放烟气中的可吸入颗粒物。利用GC-MS对可吸入颗粒物中的16种多环芳烃进行定量研究,获得了多环芳烃的质量分数和浓度,并对不同环数的芳烃进行了比较,分析了不同样品中的多环芳烃的毒性参数。结果表明,颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要集中在4环、5环和6环,3环和2环所占比例较少;与燃煤电厂相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂排放的烟气中多环芳烃的浓度和毒性参数更高。     

基于迭代统计的橡胶制品中多环芳烃(蒽)测定的能力验证

正橡胶制品存在于玩具、电子电气产品、纺织品与食品接触材料等各类产品中,如各类密封部件、鞋底、服装箱包配饰、炊具把手、自行车把手和汽车轮胎等。橡胶制品中多环芳烃主要来源于填充油、炭黑以及煤焦油和某些石油下游产品,这些助剂赋予了橡胶制品特殊的性能,但也带来了多环芳烃的危害,多环芳烃(PAHs)是最早发现的具有"致癌、致畸、致突变"作用的环境污染物之一。为此,欧盟和美国纷纷发布了橡胶制品中多环     

句法模式识别研究芳烃致癌(二)——特征曲线的理论解释

从M区键级、超离域能和致癌活性的对应关系,结合致癌反应湾区历程对用句法模式识别方法找出的多环芳烃强致癌信息特征曲线进行了理论解释。     

表面增强拉曼光谱结合主成分分析快速筛查食品接触材料中多环芳烃

建立了表面增强拉曼/主成分分析快速筛查食品接触材料中4种多环芳烃的分析方法。采用纳米银溶胶作为增强基底,碘化钾为絮凝剂,实现了4种多环芳烃（芘、荧蒽、苯并［b］荧蒽、苯并［k］荧蒽）的表面增强拉曼分析。针对食品接触材料中4种多环芳烃拉曼谱峰重叠难以鉴别区分的问题,采用主成分分析法分别对同浓度多环芳烃、不同浓度多环芳烃以及多环芳烃混合样品进行分析。结果表明,4种多环芳烃均可得到较好的鉴别。该方法成功用于食品接触材料迁移液中4种多环芳烃的快速筛查。     

句法模式识别研究芳烃致癌(一)——计算方法和经验规律

用句法模式识别研究多环芳烃分子图形与致癌活性的关系,总结出它包含致癌信息的特征曲线,并研究了分子伸展度和角品度对致癌活性的影响。     

Densities,speeds of sound,excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of mtbe with tetralin and decalin at 303.15 k

Measurements of densities, speeds of sound, excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether with tetralin and decalin are reported at 303.15?K over the entire range of composition. Excess volumes are measured using batch dilatometer technique. Sound speeds are obtained using ultrasonic interferometer. Densities are computed from excess volume data. Isentropic compressibilities are derived from density and sound speed data. Speeds of sound are evaluated on the basis of Jacobson's free length theory and Schaff's collision factor theory. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The viscosity data are analysed on the basis of corresponding states approach. Excess volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibilities are negative and deviation in viscosities are positive over the entire composition range. The experimental results are discussed in terms of possible molecular interactions between unlike molecules.     

Some Strategies for the Refinement of Disordered Structures with the SHELXL-97 Refinement Program

1 INTRODUCTION finement stage. The person performing the crysta- llographic manipulations works on numerical data The high degree of order in the arrangement of that are quite different from the diffraction images atoms in a crystal is a fundamental characteristic of on a computer terminal, and most often does not even the crystalline state, an ideal crystal being envisaged see the images. to be constructed of regularly-stacked unit cells, each The refinement program, SHELXL-97[1], has …     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

Characterization of Defects in Glasses and Coatings on Glasses by Microanalytical Techniques

 The most relevant defects in glasses and thin films on glasses are categorized and investigated by the appropriate microanalytical techniques. Knots, which are local glassy inclusions, are described in greater detail. The combination of EPMA/EDX and LA-ICP-MS allow the determination of element concentrations in the defect down into the low ppm range, thus finally enabling the identification of a special source of the defect from otherwise non distinguishable refractories. The results of analysis of stones and striae are reported and defect sources are discussed. Local defects in thin films are characterized which can be explained by high intrinsic compressive stress in the films. Typical glass and thin film defects are used to illustrate the problem-solving process in industrial labs.     

Surface Reconstruction by a Coassembly Approach

Materials with switchable surfaces, capable of changing surface properties under external stimuli, are playing a pivotal role in many applications, such as tissue engineering, biosensors, and drug/protein delivery. In this research silica particles with patterned and switchable surfaces are fabricated. Surface micelles on silica particles are formed by coassembly of polymer brushes and “free” block copolymer chains in a selective solvent. The cores of the surface micelles are crosslinked by anthracene photodimerization. After quaternization of the coronae, amphiphilic surface micelles are prepared. The surface micelles are able to rearrange in different media. After treatment with an organic solvent, the surfaces of silica particles are occupied by hydrophobic polymer components; in aqueous solution, the positively charged polymer chains are on the surfaces. The switching of the surface micelles results in changes in surface composition and wetting behaviors.     

大面积功率器件软钎料的焊接失效分析

针对大面积功率器件软钎料的失效问题,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了SnPb软钎料的微观结构并运用能谱仪对其进行成分分析,找出了失效的主要原因:对软钎料进行刚玉抛光后,未能将残留在软钎料内的Al2O3成分完全去除,以至于器件的可焊性变差.根据分析提出了改进意见,较好地解决了SnPb软钎料的失效问题.     

Single versus poly-crystalline layered oxide cathode materials for solid-state battery applications - a short review article

The recent developments in the application of single-crystalline (SC) cathode materials in solid-state batteries are discussed in this mini-review. The characteristics of SC and poly-crystalline (PC) cathode materials are explored, with emphasis on the kinetic and mechanical properties. The critical factors influencing their performance in liquid electrolyte and solid-state battery cells are investigated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of both morphologies are discussed and considerations to ensure a fair comparison between SC and PC cathodes in different systems are raised.     

Review of Analytical Methods for Atmospheric Oxidants Measurements

Abstract

Instrumental and manual methods currently available for the measurement of atmospheric oxidants are surveyed. Techniques used in the United States are emphasized and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Commercial systems are evaluated in terms of general operating principles rather than of specific instruments. The ability of these techniques to meet the measurement requirements defined by U.S. Federal air quality oxidant criteria are discussed. Alternative chemical techniques that may have some advantages over the neutral, buffered KI procedure are discussed. Also some attractive, alternative instrumental procedures that are ozone-specific are presented. These systems are based on chemiluminescence and ultraviolet absorption photometry. Electrochemical and colorimetric methods for total oxidant measurements are compared. Finally, some data are presented on relationships of ozone and total oxidants.     

Contactless conductivity detection for microfluidics: designs and applications

Different methods for construction of contactless conductivity detectors (CCD) for microchip electrophoresis device are described in this review. This includes three main schemes of CCD for microchips, such as (i) the detection electrodes are placed along the microchannel from outside of the microchip and they are insulated from the channel by the cover lid of microchip device; (ii) the electrodes are placed across of the microchannel in the same plane and they are insulated by thin separation channel walls and (iii) electrodes are buried in widened part of microchannel and they are insulated from solution by ultrathin layer of silicon carbide. Specific issues related to the CCD on microfluidics are discussed, such as an influence of shape and magnitude of ac voltage and placement of electrodes and their insulation. Various applications for security, pharmacological, bioassays and food analysis purposes are described.     

Nitrenium Salts in Lewis Acid Catalysis

Molecular compounds featuring nitrogen atoms are typically regarded as Lewis bases and are extensively employed as donor ligands in coordination chemistry or as nucleophiles in organic chemistry. By contrast, electrophilic nitrogen‐containing compounds are much rarer. Nitrenium cations are a new family of nitrogen‐based Lewis acids, the reactivity of which remains largely unexplored. In this work, nitrenium ions are explored as catalysts in five organic transformations. These reactions are the first examples of Lewis acid catalysis employing nitrogen as the site of substrate activation. Moreover, these compounds are readily accessed from commercially available reagents and exhibit remarkable stability toward moisture, allowing for benchtop transformations without the need to pretreat solvents.