光纤法布里-珀罗传感器光纤端面反射率优化

讨论了反射光纤端面反射率对（F-P）传感器输出信号质量的影响,指出反射光纤端面反射率的提高可以克服光在F-P腔内损耗的影响,且对应传感器腔长有和其匹配的最优反射率.为了使传感器在其工作腔长范围内的输出信号整体上具有尽可能好的信号质量,采用最小均方误差法确定了反射光纤端面的最优反射率.仿真证明了采用最优反射率时的信号质量优于采用非最优反射率时的信号质量.     

Array gain of fourth-order cumulants beamforming under typical probability density background

The fourth-order cumulant of zero mean Gaussian distribution noise always equals to zero theoretically.In practice the probability density of noise and reverberation is the key problem to performance of the fourth-order cumulant beamforming technique.In this paper,the array gain functions of the fourth-order cumulant beamforming are deducted considering the instantaneous amplitude distribution of the ambient sea noise and bottom reverberation respectively.And the relationships are determined between array gain and the factors including the number of the array elements,the fourth-order and second-order statistical properties of the noise and reverberation,and the input signal-to-noise ratio.It is also verified that there is a critical signal-to-interference ratio and the fourth-order cumulant beamforming can obtain higher gain and resolution than the conventional beamforming method when the ratio is larger than it.The results of experiment data processing demonstrate that the gain and the resolution of the fourth-order cumulant beamforming coincide with the theoretic.     

Approximate and Exact Small Signal Analysis for Single-Mode Fiber Near Zero Dispersion Wavelength with Higher Order Dispersion

This article presents the comparison of approximate and exact small-signal theories for analyzing the influence of the higher-order dispersion terms on dispersive optical communication systems operating near zero dispersion wavelength for linear single-mode fiber. For the approximate theory, the generalized conversion matrix has been reported and gives the transfer function of intensity and phase from the fiber input to fiber output for a laser source including the influence of any higher-order dispersion term. In addition, expressions for the small-signal frequency response and the relative intensity noise (RIN) response of an ultrafast laser diode including noises are derived. However, it is observed that the approximation assumed for the second-order dispersion term for the approximate analysis is not valid. From the approximate theory, the exact generalized conversion matrix and exact expressions for small-signal frequency response and relative intensity noise (RIN) are obtained. We show that for the exact theory, the second-order dispersion term has no effect on intensity and frequency response even at large modulating frequencies and large propagation distances contrary to the approximate theory as reported by other authors. But we show that third-order dispersion term certainly has some minute impact on the frequency and RIN response for long distance links at high modulating frequencies.     

Approximate and Exact Small Signal Analysis for Single-Mode Fiber Near Zero Dispersion Wavelength with Higher Order Dispersion

This article presents the comparison of approximate and exact small-signal theories for analyzing the influence of the higher-order dispersion terms on dispersive optical communication systems operating near zero dispersion wavelength for linear single-mode fiber. For the approximate theory, the generalized conversion matrix has been reported and gives the transfer function of intensity and phase from the fiber input to fiber output for a laser source including the influence of any higher-order dispersion term. In addition, expressions for the small-signal frequency response and the relative intensity noise (RIN) response of an ultrafast laser diode including noises are derived. However, it is observed that the approximation assumed for the second-order dispersion term for the approximate analysis is not valid. From the approximate theory, the exact generalized conversion matrix and exact expressions for small-signal frequency response and relative intensity noise (RIN) are obtained. We show that for the exact theory, the second-order dispersion term has no effect on intensity and frequency response even at large modulating frequencies and large propagation distances contrary to the approximate theory as reported by other authors. But we show that third-order dispersion term certainly has some minute impact on the frequency and RIN response for long distance links at high modulating frequencies.     

典型概率密度背景下四阶累积量波束形成的阵增益

在理论上零均值高斯分布噪声的四阶累积量恒等于零,而实际噪声和混响的概率密度是影响四阶累积量波束形成技术性能的关键问题。本文针对海洋环境噪声与海底混响的瞬时幅度分布,分别推导了四阶累积量波束形成阵增益函数;建立了阵增益与阵元数、海洋环境噪声和海底混响统计特性的四阶矩和二阶矩及输入信噪比的关系;确定了与常规波束形成阵增益之间存在临界信噪比,高于临界信干比时四阶累积量波束形成可以获得比常规波束形成更高的阵增益与分辨率。实验数据处理结果验证了四阶累积量波束形成阵增益和分辨率理论结果的一致性。      

基于DSP的光纤光栅应变传感器信号检测实验研究

针对光纤光栅应变传感器接收信号弱且信噪比低这一问题,提出了应用DSP技术来抑制噪声,提高Bragg峰值波长检测精度的方法.实验结果表明所设计的498阶Kaiser窗低通FIR数字滤波器能够显著提高光纤光栅应变传感器的信号检测精度.采用DSP技术可以较好地解决光纤光栅传感器的波长解调这一技术难题.     

提高光纤F-P应变传感器输出信号质量的方法研究

光纤F-P应变传感器输出信号质量的好坏直接影响解调精度.从光纤F-P应变传感器的基本原理出发,针对光纤F-P腔内损耗的问题,提出了用增加端面反射率的办法来弥补耦合损耗的影响;并通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验对该问题进行了研究.实验表明,选用与F-P腔固有的最佳反射率匹配的端面镀膜,对增加干涉图样的对比度,提高信号输出幅值有很好的效果.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation for extensible acoustic vector sensor array

Aiming at high-resolution estimation of the direction-of-arrival of closely-spaced sources at low signal-to-noise ratio regions, this paper proposes a DOA estimation algorithm that is suitable for an extensible acoustic vector sensor array. Taking the 3D array composed of the minimum number(four) of acoustic vector sensors as the acquisition module, a virtual array having the same structure as the original array structure is extended in the three-dimensional space based on the aperture expansion characteristic of higher-order cumulants. The virtual array and the real array can construct a matrix with rotational invariance, which contains the angular information for estimating DOA. The Cramer-Rao bound of the algorithm are derived. We analyze the influence of SNR, the number of snapshots and the elevation angle on the performance of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better noise suppression ability and higher resolution in DOA estimation than the conventional ESPRIT algorithm using the acoustic vector array. Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm.     

两路光纤激光器自组织相干合成实验研究

 建立了两路光纤激光器自组织相干合成的理论模型,并进行实验验证。结果表明,通过能量的相互注入,可以实现光纤激光器的自组织相干合成,合成效率达到92%。当外界基本没有干扰时,远场光斑为稳定、高对比度的干涉条纹,激光器阵列输出模式为异相模,与理论分析的结果一致;当外界环境存在轻微干扰时,实验出现条纹移动现象,输出模式也不再是恒定的异相模。对外界干扰对自组织相干合成的影响进行了数值分析,结果表明：外界干扰的幅度与频率越大,两束激光的相位差的变化幅度与频率也就越大;当外界干扰超过一定程度,两束激光之间的相位差将不能被锁定,始终处于变化状态。     

Polarization maintaining optical fiber multi-intruder sensor

In this paper, an optical fiber multi-intruder sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber (PMF), without any interferometric fiber loop, is introduced. To map the local coordinates of intruders on the beating spectrum of the output modes, radiation from a ramp frequency modulated laser is injected at the input of PMF optical fiber sensor. It is shown that the local coordinates and some characteristics of intruders can be obtained by the measurement of the frequencies and amplitudes of the output mode beating spectrum. Generally the number of beating frequencies is more than the number of intruders. Among the beating frequencies, a group with maximum signal to noise ratio is chosen. The short Fourier denoising method is employed to increase the sensor resolution. Because the output signal is the superposition of finite numbers of discrete frequencies this method is a powerful tool for denoising even for negative signal to noise ratio.     

Analytical investigations on crosstalk in fiber Raman amplification for WDM systems

In this paper, the analytical investigations for the crosstalk in fiber amplification for WDM channels have been reported. The crosstalk between WDM channels with external Raman amplification including second-order dispersion terms has been investigated. It has been shown that the higher-order dispersion severely degrades the performance of optical communication systems. To ensure small crosstalk, the signal gain and the injected pump power should be limited to the value well below the threshold of Raman amplification. Analytical formula for signal interference ratio (SIR) and gain in fiber Raman amplifier including the impact of second-order dispersion terms for WDM systems has been derived at different wavelengths. It has also been shown that there is increase in crosstalk due to second-order dispersion.     

具有复合式法珀腔的光纤压力传感器的解调

对由三个反射面构成的复合式法珀腔的光纤法珀压力传感器进行了输出光谱理论分析,提取了含有传感器腔长信息的包络.提出了基于干涉级次拟合的解调算法,仿真分析了传感法珀腔腔长范围为160~215 μm的光谱信号.结果显示,在不同信噪比下,基于干涉级次拟合的算法可获得较好的测量准确度,同一信噪比下,该准确度不依赖腔长变化,也不依赖光谱解调波长分辨率变化.实验结果表明,基于干涉级次拟合结果曲线残差的均方根差为0.012 μm,验证了该算法的有效性.     

渐变折射率传感气室中干涉噪声的数值模拟与分析

在直接红外吸收式光纤气体传感器中,由渐变折射率（Graduated Refractive Index,GRIN）棒透镜构成的微型传感气室有着广泛的应用。分析了GRIN气室中的干涉噪声信号和甲烷信号,并利用MATLAB对干涉噪声信号的幅值与分布反馈式半导体激光器（DFBLD）的频率调制幅度之间的关系以及干涉噪声对气体检测灵敏度的影响进行了数值模拟与分析。当前谐波检测技术是气体检测的一种非常重要的技术,这种技术需要检测气体吸收信号的一次、二次或更高次谐波。而GRIN气室的二次干涉噪声对浓度信号有很大的影响,研究发现当频率调制幅度达到某些特定频率值时,二次干涉噪声信号的幅值变为零,通过调整气室参数和DFBLD的调制频率可以削减干涉噪声的影响从而提高谐波检测技术的检测灵敏度。     

编码式光纤光栅传感阵列解调方案的论证

介绍了编码式光栅传感阵列的结构及其传感信号的特点。采用梳状结构对编码式光纤光栅传感阵列进行解调，利用被测光谱通过阵列波导光栅不同通道时输出的不同光强的比值确定被测光的波长。该文分别从理想状态和存在背景反射的状态论证了本文提出的方案的可行性，分析了噪声引起的误差。该系统不但适合于解调大容量的波长信息，而且在解调时不存在任何机械移动部分便可以快速、同时测量多个波长。     

基于倏逝波的锥形光纤马赫-曾德尔湿度传感器

提出了一种基于倏逝波原理的光纤马赫-曾德尔湿度传感器,传感器是在2个单模光纤粗锥的传感臂中心通过绝热火焰熔融拉锥处理而成。光由传感器输入端传入,经过第1个粗锥时,将激发出若干高阶模,各模式光传输经过细锥区进入第2个粗锥时被耦合进入传感器输出端。当外界湿度变化时,细锥区倏逝场随之变化,最终导致透射谱能量变化。通过测量透射谱能量变化,可以实现环境湿度传感测量。实验结果表明,在35%~85%RH的湿度变化范围内,透射谱的能量具有相同变化趋势,处于水蒸气吸收峰附近的干涉谷湿度响应灵敏度可达0.157 dBm/%RH,温度交叉灵敏度仅为0.014 %RH/ ℃。该传感器因其制作简单、灵敏度高,温度交叉敏感小等特点,具有很好的应用前景。     

光纤干涉位移传感器相位估计的一种精确方法

应用信号处理有关技术提出了一种光纤干涉位移传感器相位估计的方法,可以解决很大范围的不等幅、周期非均匀、带噪干涉信号条纹的精确计数问题。分析了此方法的适用范围及估计精度。对于１０ｄＢ信噪比的系统来说,位移在０．３ｍｍ以内的测量精度可达到λ／１００。     

低噪声通过特性的测量仿真研究

本文研究运用组合传感器和声压、振速联合信息处理技术进行低品声通过特性的测量。通过特性的背景噪声出非相干的各向同性白噪声和相干的交通干扰组成,交通干扰又分为平稳与非平稳两种,用平均声强器来抗非相干干扰;用交通干扰能量流中心方位抑制技术来抗平稳的相干干扰;对于非平稳的相干干扰而能量流中心方位抑制技术。仿真试验表明效果良好。     

光纤式内表面检测与自适应采样方法的研究

提出一种用于复杂内轮廓表面检测的新型单模光纤传感器 ,建立了镜面反射条件下的数学模型。根据轮辐式设计的二维光纤阵列探头结构 ,不仅可以得到被测点处的高度信息 ,还可同时得到倾斜信息 ,有效地解决了高度测量时表面倾斜给测量带来的影响。能对光源波动、表面反射率变化等引起的测量信号不稳定问题起到一定的补偿作用。为了提高采样效率 ,提出了一种曲线外插估计法 ,给出下一个测量点的位置。实验结果表明该方法能够有效地应用于逆向工程中产品内表面的检测之中     

Array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array:An experimental study

An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise.Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-tonoise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.     

球体表面圆环阵模态域稳健高增益波束形成方法研究

通过对考虑障板影响下噪声互谱矩阵的精确求解,给出了一种计算刚性球体表面圆环阵阵增益的模型,并在此基础上提出了一种模态域二阶锥规划稳健高增益波束形成方法。该方法根据相位模态波束形成理论,将阵元域稳健加权向量转换为模态域的稳健模态系数,从而设计出不同模态阶数下的稳健高增益波束。由于采用了白噪声增益约束以及低频段较低的模态阶数,该方法提高了超增益波束形成器的稳健性。仿真结果表明该方法能够提供更多的稳健波束形成的方案,在多个关联的波束性能指标之间获得比常规方法和阵元域稳健性方法更合理的折衷。