Effect of complex formation on intensity of stimulated Raman lines in solutions

The intensities of the stimulated Raman lines of pyridine in solutions with proton-donating solvents are measured. The solvents used were: methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl alcohols; water; formic and acetic acids; and also the neutral solvent CCl₄. The intensities of the lines of pyridine in the neutral solvent and in solutions where complexes are formed due to hydrogen bonds differ considerably. This is attributed to the change in the polarizability of the molecules in the complexes and to the competition of the molecules to possess the energy of the exciting light.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 112–116, January, 1976.In conclusion we should like to thank Prof. F. A. Korolev for his constant attention throughout the work.     

低温低压氢等离子体的光谱分析

采用螺旋波激发氢等离子体,测得氢的Balmer线系前三条谱线的强度.利用二谱线法求电子温度Te,并由Hβ的Stark展宽得到电子密度Ne,简要分析了Te、Ne以及强度与各种参数之间的关系.     

Intensity studies in Raman effect: Effect of temperature: Part I (Liquids)

The influence of temperature on the intensities of Raman lines in some polar and nonpolar liquids has been investigated and certain conclusions regarding the temperature dependence of the intensities of the Raman lines have been arrived at.     

Optical spectrum of a closed cycle MHD generator plasma

The spectra of argon-cesium plasmas, used as working fluids of closed-cycle MHD generators, were investigated in the visible and near-i.r. regions by using a Hilger-Watts medium quartz spectrograph. A number of argon and cesium lines was observed, as well as some lines originating from the impurities present in the cesium capsule. The molecular bands of aluminum monoxide have also been detected. The population temperatures estimated from relative intensities of cesium lines lie below those obtained by using either the line-reversal method or recombination-radiation measurements. The intensities of some neutral cesium lines follow the Boltzmann population relation at the population temperature. The Zeeman effect and reversed profiles of cesium resonance lines were not observed because of low resolution of the spectrograph used and because of light scattering on the film.     

Intensity studies in Raman effect: Effect of temperature: Part II (Associative liquids and molten substances)

The influence of temperature on the intensities of Raman lines in some associative liquids and molten substances has been studied and the observed temperature dependence on the intensities has been explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions.     

Relative intensities of different reflection order X‐ray lines registered by microprobe analyzers

Relative intensities of X‐ray lines for various reflection orders are measured using a JXA‐8100 microprobe analyzer. Spectra obtained using standard analyzing crystals LiF, PET, TAP, LDE1, and LDE2 are studied. We observe and explain specific features of spectrometers with curved analyzing crystals that influence higher order reflections. The second‐order intensities are similar for different analyzing crystals and lie in the range 2.4 (PET)–5.6% (LiF) of the first‐order intensity. Higher order reflections show more variation. For example, for the LDE2 crystal, no lines of higher than the second‐order were observed, whereas for TAP reflections of up to eighth order were detected. The data obtained may be used for reference purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intensities and widths of H2O lines between 1800 and 2100 cm-1

A non-linear, least-squares program was used to obtain the line intensities and widths of 91 air-broadened lines in the ν₂ rotation-vibration band of water vapor in the region from 1800 to 2100 cm^-1. The values obtained for the line intensities are, on the average, about 7% stronger than the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) Atmospheric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation. The experimental values for the half widths of the H₂O lines are, on the average, 4% higher than the calculated AFCRL values. The measurements have confirmed the narrow widths of some high J transition lines measured by tunable diode laser spectroscopy.     

1.65μm附近CH_4分子高分辨率吸收光谱研究

采用连续可调谐二极管半导体激光器为探测光源,以可调怀特型长光程多通池(46.36～1158.90m)作为吸收池,采用直接吸收的方法,探测了室温下1.65μm附近CH4分子的高分辨率吸收光谱。在6043.00～6053.72cm-1范围内探测了5组不同压力和光程下的吸收光谱,观测到了259条线新的CH4分子吸收谱线,实验数据用Gaussian线型进行拟合,得到了这些吸收谱线的线强、线位置以及线强的标准偏差值,并对光谱中难以分辨的吸收谱线进行了分析。探测得到的最小谱线线强是4.3×10-27cm-1·(molcule·cm-2)-1,吸收谱线线强大于3.0×10-24cm-1·(mol·cm-2)-1由于吸收饱和而未被处理,同时所测得的光谱也显示出CH4分子在1.65μm附近有非常丰富的弱吸收谱线和复杂的结构。文中所报道的吸收谱线都是HITRAN2004数据库中所未报道的,而且也未见有其他文献报道过。     

CO 1-0 band isotopic lines as intensity standards

Fundamental band vibration-rotational line intensities are reported for the¹²C¹⁶O, ¹³C¹⁶O, and ¹²C¹⁸O molecules. The intensities were computed using numerically obtained matrix elements of a recently determined electric dipole moment function. We also report new intensity measurements for some of these lines obtained via high-resolution Fourier spectra. The overall consistency (≈2.2%) between our calculations, which are based on recent experimental determinations of CO 1-0 band intensities, not including our own, and our independent experimental results suggests that the lines of the fundamental band of CO can be used as absolute intensity standards.     

Intensity studies in Raman effect

The intensities of Raman lines due to CH, CH₂ and CH₃ groups in the case of some n-paraffin hydrocarbons have been obtained relative to the peak intensity of the 458 cm^?1 line of CCl₄ and compared. The integrated intensity as well as the standard intensity of the C=O frequency in some unconjugated and conjugated ketones, aldehydes and esters have been obtained and the influence of conjugation has been discussed. The intensity of the C=C frequency has also been obtained in the conjugated compounds and compared with the results obtained for the unconjugated compounds.     

双谱线光强法测试单色器带宽

提出了用同一空心阴极灯发出的两根邻近的任意强度比的谱线测试原子吸收分光光度计的单色器的通带宽度的方法。     

ISO spectroscopy: the study of active galaxies

Summary Infrared spectroscopy can greatly help in the understanding of the active galaxies phenomena, having the advantage over optical and UV spectroscopy of penetrating those nuclei heavily obscured by absorbing dust. The standard photoionization code CLOUDY by Ferland has been used to predict the intensities of the infrared ionic fine-structure lines. Examples of line ratio diagrams are presented which constrain the two main free parameters of the models (gas density and ionization parameter), and separate line emission in the different regions of active galaxies (Seyfert and LINER type nuclei, coronal emission region, starbursts). Moreover, some line ratio diagrams can disentangle emission-line components from shock excited and photodissociated gas. Finally we show that the observations of these infrared lines will be possible in the near future with the ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) spectrometers. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

从平面角和立体角讨论静电场中的某些电场等价性

本文利用平面角的概念讨论了均匀带电的直线微元和圆弧微元在圆心处的场强等价性,并将结论推广到一些均匀带电的线几何体;然后利用立体角的概念进一步讨论带电的平面微元和球面微元在球心处的场强等价关系,结果表明,只有非均匀的电荷面密度才能使两者等价．     

Sonoluminescence intensity and ultrasonic cavitation temperature in organic solvents: Effects of generated radicals

Ultrasonic cavitation in organic solvents remains poorly understood in contrast with aqueous systems, largely because of complexities related to solvent decomposition. In this study, we sonicated different types of organic solvents (i.e. linear alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, and acetate esters) under argon saturation. The average temperature of the cavitation bubbles was estimated using the methyl radical recombination method. We also discuss the effects of the physical properties of the solvents, such as vapor pressure and viscosity, on the cavitation temperature. The average cavitation bubble temperature and sonoluminescence intensity were higher in organic solvents with lower vapor pressure; for aromatic alcohols, these values were particularly high. It was found that the specific high sonoluminescence intensities and average cavitation temperatures exhibited in aromatic alcohols are caused by the highly resonance-stable generated radicals. The results obtained in this study are very useful for acceleration of sonochemical reaction in organic solvents, which are indispensable for organic synthesis and material synthesis.     

激光诱导击穿光谱定量化标定谱线自动选择方法

选择合适的特征谱线是以内标法对激光诱导击穿光谱进行定量化分析的前提,需要科研工作者精心分析和比较,往往耗费大量精力和时间,而且还不能保证结果最优。基于遗传算法为内标法提出了一种从原始光谱中自动选择分析线和参考线的方法,使用该方法从低合金钢样的LIBS光谱中为锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、硅(Si)和铁(Fe)元素分别选择了用于内标法定量分析的分析线和参考线。优选得到的最优谱线为,Mn的分析线和相应的参考元素Fe的参考线分别是403.306 8和368.745 7 nm,Si的分析线和相应的参考元素Fe的参考线分别是288.157 7和427.176 1 nm,Cr的分析线和相应的参考元素Fe的参考线分别是286.510 0和272.753 9 nm,Ni的分析线和相应的参考元素Fe的参考线分别是352.453 6和358.698 5 nm。最后基于优选得到的谱线以内标法对这些元素分别进行了定量分析,结果证明,使用这种谱线选择方法能够自动从原始光谱中找到最优特征谱线,使内标法定量分析得到最好的结果。     

Zum Konzept der charakteristischen Intensitäten der Resonanz-Ramanlinien von Azofarbstoffen

The resonance Raman spectra of the solutions of some azobenzene and hydroxyazonaphthalene compounds were investigated. The relative corrected scattering coefficientsS of the lines have been measured. Assuming the existence of a characteristic intensity, the frequency dependence and the influence of data of the long-wavelength electronic absorption band has been discussed. Testing formulas for intensity dependence in this way it has been shown, that they cannot exactly describe resonance Raman intensities, because there is the problem of the “effective” electronic absorption band. This was studied by comparison of the intensities of several azonaphthalene lines, excited by the mercury lines 4358 and 5461 Å.     

Autowave instability in refractive crystals

The intensities of vibronic lines are experimentally measured in fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled anthracene. An original method is developed for calculating geometrical parameters of benzene hydrocarbons in the ground and excited electronic states. Using these parameters, the intensities of vibronic lines in fluorescence and absorption spectra of anthracene are calculated in the Franck-Condon approximation taking into account the mixing of all the twelve normal coordinates of totally symmetric vibrational modes. After correction for the quantum yield of fluorescence, good agreement is obtained between the calculated line intensities in the absorption spectrum and the measured line intensities in the fluorescence excitation spectrum. Based on these data, a new assignment of the lines in the fluorescence excitation spectrum corresponding to totally symmetric modes 7 and 8 is suggested.     

基于溶剂化效应的BDE-15分子振动光谱增强特征振动研究

利用密度泛函与自洽反应场理论在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)水平下分别计算气态及24种不同极性溶剂中4,4’-二溴二苯醚(4,4’-dibrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-15)的分子振动光谱(红外光谱、拉曼光谱),以气态分子振动光谱为基准,筛选出对溶剂极性敏感的特征振动作为指标构建溶剂对BDE-15振动光谱溶剂化效应指标体系,探究溶剂对BDE-15分子振动频率、红外/拉曼峰强溶剂化效应及综合效应,并寻求显著增强BDE-15分子特征振动频移/强度的溶剂。研究表明：从分子振动频率角度,溶剂极性敏感的(频移>1 cm-1)分子特征振动均为伸缩振和面外弯曲振,但24种溶剂对BDE-15分子振动频率溶剂化效应并不显著;从分子振动峰强角度,24种溶剂对BDE-15分子振动光谱峰强的增强效应主要发生在红外光谱的中低频区及拉曼光谱的高频区,其中起显著增强(红外/拉曼效应指标值分别大于6与5)的溶剂为醇类、乙腈、二甲亚砜、硝基苯;不同极性溶剂对BDE-15拉曼峰强溶剂化效应及综合效应指标值均表现出随溶剂介电常数增长由线性到对数的增长趋势,而红外峰强只保留低介电常数溶剂时的线性关系。利用上述BDE-15分子振动光谱峰强增强方法对BDE-153,BDE-154和BDE-209进行验证,醇类、乙腈、二甲亚砜、硝基苯对三者的振动光谱红外/拉曼峰强的效应指标值分别大于6与5,且最大峰强增倍数皆大于33,说明所建BDE-15分子振动光谱增强特征振动方法有助于进一步开展基于分子振动光谱的PBDEs同系物间辨识研究。     

127)I2在633nm波段的超精细强谱线及稳频半导体激光器

报道了观察到的碘分子（¹²⁷I₂）在633nm波段的5组超精细强谱线,并对每组谱线的频率间距及相应振转能级的跃迁强度作出了计算,结果和实验吻合得很好．利用计算结果,对这5组谱线对应的振转能带作出了甄别．由于这些新谱线比用于氦氖激光器稳频的R（127）11.5跃迁强几百倍,因此利用这些新谱线作为半导体激光稳频的参考谱线,得到了功率为3mW的激光输出,这种半导体激光可成为新型光频标． 关键词：     

Laser Microdensitometer

A very simple, but accurate opto-electronic method is proposed for studying the characteristics of photographically recorded spectral lines. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of a He-Ne laser, an oscilloscope and inexpensive optics which permits the precise study of line profiles, line-width, intensities and the measurement of wavelengths by means of comparison with a standard spectrum.