质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下的速度、加速度和时间

对于一个质点从可自由移动的光滑的凹曲面上滑下的速度、加速度和时间作了一般性讨论,建立了相应的公式.并对质点的运动平面与凹曲面的交线分别为直线、抛物线和椭圆等情况进行了具体的计算.     

对《质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下速度、加速度和时间》的一点补充

根据质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下的时间表达式,用泛函得出质点另一种下滑轨迹的曲线方程,指出了质点沿此曲线运动时所用时间具有极小值.     

行波的旋转矢量法和驻波的可视化

根据质点的运动方程建立行波的波动方程,用曲面说明波动方程,用质点振动的旋转矢量法说明行波的传播过程.用曲线说明左右行波和驻波的运动过程,用曲面表示驻波的动能、势能和机械能的分布规律.用曲线表示各时刻的能流密度,说明了能流密度的方向与机械能之间的关系.     

可自由平动光滑凹槽中质点运动的数值分析

运用保守力系的拉格朗日方程,对可自由移动光滑凹槽中质点以及凹槽系统的运动过程建立了微分方程.通过数值积分的方法求解该方程,研究了在凹槽初速度为零和不为零两种条件下质点的运动规律.结果表明,在两种不同初始条件下,质点的运动规律存在区别.     

均匀重力场中质点在光滑圆柱面上的挠曲线运动

本文研究了均匀重力场中的质点在光滑圆柱面上的挠曲线运动,用牛顿定律或拉格朗日方程推导质点的运动微分方程,然后解得质点脱离圆柱面的位置满足的方程以及脱离前的运动时间,最后导出用椭圆积分表示的挠曲线运动轨迹的参数解析表达式。     

质点沿可自由移动的光滑凹槽的运动分析

分析了质点在可自由移动的凹槽上运动的运动平面与凹槽的交线是一般曲线的情况,给出了质点在静止参考系中运动的轨迹方程和严格等时振动的条件,求出了质点沿几种常见曲线运动的周期.     

非理想约束曲线运动的质点动力学

本文从牛顿第二运动定律出发，导出了受非理想约束的质点作平面曲线运动的动力学方程；给出了质点处于平衡状态的临界条件；求解了几个对应的平面曲线运动问题。     

两质点孤立系统相对动力学方程及其应用

两质点孤立系统可以简化为单个质点的运动来研究,质点相对质心的运动与质点的相对运动是等效的,相对动力学方程在解决两体问题中,具有明显的优越性.     

抛体运动的描述方法

质点运动学的任务在于描述质点空间位置的改变．本文通过对抛体运动的描述,总结出描述质点平面运动的一般方法及抛体运动在下面几种坐标系下的运动学方程、速度、加速度的不同形式．     

有心力运动轨道的切线坐标解法

采用切线坐标讨论了质点在有心力场中的运动轨道，导出了动力参数和几何参数形式的切线坐标方程以及极坐标方程。     

Formation of a bistructure of a solid in a computer experiment

Molecular-dynamics was used to investigate the structural changes occurring in a three-dimensional solid when the solid is transferred from an amorphous into a crystalline state. Crystal cells of a new type — pentadecahedrons with five square lateral faces and ten regular triangular faces at the vertices of a cell — were found for the first time in a computer experiment. It is shown that a bistructure consisting of crystal cells of different types, including cells with five-fold symmetry axes, are stable in the solid. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1919–1924 (October 1998)     

Instability of a flat horizontal interface between a thin layer of a ferrofluid and a thin layer of a nonmagnetic liquid in the presence of a vertical magnetic field

An asymptotic analysis of the equations and boundary conditions of fluid dynamics is performed, and a nonlinear model is constructed for the onset of the development of Rosensweig instability in a thin horizontal ferrofluid layer at rest covered with a thin layer of a lighter nonmagnetic liquid. The surface of a nonmagnetized slab is the lower boundary of the ferrofluid, and the interface with a gas is the upper boundary of the nonmagnetic liquid. The pressure in the gas is constant. The instability being considered arises upon the application of a rather strong uniform vertical magnetic field. The proposed model involves five dimensionless parameters. The critical magnetization of the initial ferrofluid layer with a flat upper boundary and the threshold wave number are found. The effect of the governing parameters on the instability region and on the wavelength of the fastest growing mode is studied in the linear formulation of the problem.     

Design of a suspension of a training sulky

A design study based on a modelling approach was used to optimise the characteristics of a new concept of suspension for training sulkies. The numerical model of sulky including the suspension and, in a second stage, a mechanical model of driver, allowed the definition of technical specifications. They were used to manufacture a prototype of suspension mounted on a current production model of sulky. The prototype of suspension was then tested in the lab and in a racecourse in real conditions of use.The resulting vibration exposure was assessed from vibration measurements. It was slightly lower than the limit value enacted in the European Vibration directive (1.15 m s²), but drastically reduced in comparison with the exposure measured on the original sulky (2.56 m s²). The prototype and moreover the design procedure is currently in a transfer process towards sulky manufacturers.     

Behavior of a free surface of a magnetic fluid containing a magnetizable cylinder

The deformation of the free surface of a magnetic fluid containing a cylinder made of a magnetizable material subjected to a uniform applied magnetic field is analyzed. The statics and dynamics of a magnetic fluid free surface is studied theoretically and experimentally. A discontinuous (jump-like) change of the surface shape is shown to occur when the applied magnetic field gradually increases or decreases. If the applied magnetic field increases and then decreases, a hysteresis of the shape is observed.     

Inferring a Property of a Large System from a Small Number of Samples

Inferring the value of a property of a large stochastic system is a difficult task when the number of samples is insufficient to reliably estimate the probability distribution. The Bayesian estimator of the property of interest requires the knowledge of the prior distribution, and in many situations, it is not clear which prior should be used. Several estimators have been developed so far in which the proposed prior us individually tailored for each property of interest; such is the case, for example, for the entropy, the amount of mutual information, or the correlation between pairs of variables. In this paper, we propose a general framework to select priors that is valid for arbitrary properties. We first demonstrate that only certain aspects of the prior distribution actually affect the inference process. We then expand the sought prior as a linear combination of a one-dimensional family of indexed priors, each of which is obtained through a maximum entropy approach with constrained mean values of the property under study. In many cases of interest, only one or very few components of the expansion turn out to contribute to the Bayesian estimator, so it is often valid to only keep a single component. The relevant component is selected by the data, so no handcrafted priors are required. We test the performance of this approximation with a few paradigmatic examples and show that it performs well in comparison to the ad-hoc methods previously proposed in the literature. Our method highlights the connection between Bayesian inference and equilibrium statistical mechanics, since the most relevant component of the expansion can be argued to be that with the right temperature.