响应面法优化鸡脂酶解工艺

通过单因素实验考察了脂肪酶、乳化剂、反应温度、pH值、反应时间、酶添加量及摇床转速等影响鸡脂脂肪酶水解的因素.采用响应面分析法对反应温度、酶添加量、pH值和反应时间等工艺参数进行了优化研究.结果表明,二次多项式模型符合实验数据.反应获得较优酸值时反应参数条件为:温度46.6℃,加酶量0.5%,pH值6.4,反应时间4.33 h.     

胃、十二脂肠溃疡病手术方法的选择

<正>在临床实中践,广泛采用保留器管的手术,治疗胃溃疡((?)БЖ)和十二指肠溃疡((?)БДПК).明显的改善了近期和远期治疗效果.经验指出,溃疡病选择迷走神经切断术(CnB)可减少胃切除术后综合症的发生率,恢复患者的劳动能力.作者报告了近15年来(?)БЖ和(?)ВДПК外科治疗的结果,认为最主要的问题是选择手术方法.作者观察了966例因(?)БЖ和(?)ВДК施行手术的患者,年龄20岁以下者7例(0.7%),21～30岁88例(9.1%),31～40岁288例(30.0%),41～50岁374例(28.6%),51～60岁159例(16.5%),60岁以上50例(5.1%),其中30～50岁者750例(78%).     

福建省青少儿体脂和去脂体重状况的分析

作者统计与分析了福建省青少儿在校学生7082人的体脂与去脂体重,结果表明:体脂、去脂体重与年龄、性别、地区关系密切;女生初潮后的体脂和去脂体重均大于初潮前同一年龄的女生。     

鸡细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白基因编码区的单核苷酸多态与腹脂性状的相关研究

以明星肉鸡和丝毛乌骨鸡杂交产生的F 2 鸡群为实验材料,以鸡细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白基因为影响鸡脂肪性状的候选基因,对该基因编码区和部分内含子用PCR-SSCP(单链构象多态)法进行单核苷酸多态性检测.其中在检测的内含子中有3处碱基突变;在第5外显子中有一处沉默突变.对鸡腹脂性状进行最小二乘分析,结果表明第9对引物扩增的具有HH型基因片段的鸡与GG,II型相比有较低的腹脂重和腹脂率(P<0.001),表明该基因对于鸡腹脂蓄积具有很大的影响或与控制腹脂性状的主基因连锁.     

结合BMI、WHR和体脂百分比标准判别大学生肥胖度

根据亚洲BMI标准、中国WHR标准和日本体脂百分比(F%)标准,对2000名成年学生的肥胖度进行判别的结果显示,对体脂正常者与体重偏轻者的判别结果三个指标的一致性程度较高(P﹤0.05),但根据WHR标准和F%标准确定为为轻、中、重度肥胖者的比例大于用BMI标准判别为超重和肥胖者的比例(P﹤0.05)。如按F%标准衡量,在男女BMI正常者中约10%～20%的人属于超重或肥胖者;根据WHR标准在男女BMI正常者中约10%～20%的人属于超重或肥胖者,13%～24%的人属于超重或肥胖者;PERSON相关性分析结果F%标准与WHR标准在判断受试者正常或偏瘦、超重、肥胖三个状态时相关性都达到统计学上的高相关;而F%标准与BMI标准以及WHR标准与BMI标准的相关性只是在判断正常或偏瘦的状态存在较高相关。     

青海马鸡血液指标和生化遗传标记的研究

对青海省19只蓝马鸡和15只藏马鸡29项血液生理生化参数以及10个血液生化遗传标记进行了测定和研究。结果:①被检藏马鸡的红细胞数、血红蛋白和红细胞压积测定值均显著高于蓝马鸡(P<0 01);②在被检蓝马鸡和藏马鸡的10种血液生化遗传标记中TF,AMY1,AMY2和ES上存在多态性,多态性基因座比例为40%,HB、EP、Pr、ALB、ALP和KE都呈单一的表型,没有发现多态性。     

火烧对栗斑腹鵐巢址选择的影响

通过对灌丛化草原中火烧和未烧样地内环境因子的测定和多元总体的假设检验,比较了两个样地内不同样方组间的特异性和各变量差异程度.结果表明山杏高度和数量、贝加尔针茅密度、大油芒密度、兴安胡枝子高度、火绒草高度和植被盖度这7个因子属于栗斑腹巢址选择的重要因素.火烧不仅清除了枯草及其中的食物,而且减弱或破坏了这些因素对栗斑腹巢址选择的作用,从而给其繁殖带来灾难性的破坏.     

鸡抗马立克氏病遗传标志研究进展(综述)

综述了鸡抗马立克氏病遗传标志的选择进展以及在抗马立克氏病育种中的应用前景     

碘伏联合红外线治疗妇产科腹部手术切口脂肪液化21例

目的探讨碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化疗效。方法观察组于发现脂肪液化后先挤净渗出物,再以碘伏纱块覆盖伤口,同时予以红外线照射40min;观察组常规进行换药治疗。结果观察组切口愈合率、住院时间均较对照组显著提高及缩短。结论碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化经济、有效、痛苦小。     

碘伏联合红外线治疗妇产科腹部手术切口脂肪液化21例

目的探讨碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化疗效。方法观察组于发现脂肪液化后先挤净渗出物，再以碘伏纱块覆盖伤口，同时予以红外线照射40min；观察组常规进行换药治疗。结果观察组切口愈合率、住院时间均较对照组显著提高及缩短。结论碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化经济、有效、痛苦小。     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in chicken growth hormone gene and its associations with growth and carcass traits

In this experiment, F2 chicken derived from Broilers crossing to Silky are used to study the effect of growth hormone gene on growth and carcass traits. The partial gene is amplified by two pairs of primers, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) is detected by the technique of PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), and then confirmed by DNA sequencing. The mutations are found in intron 3 and intron 4 respectively, and can be clarified by digestion with EcoRVand Msp I. The results of least square analysis indicate that the gene has significant association with some carcass traits, such as breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate, abdominal fat rate, and has no association with other growth and carcass traits, such as live weight, carcass weight, eviscerated yield with giblet, eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, heart weight, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, chest angle width, head and neck weight,shank and claw weight, wing weight, muscular stomach weight, glandular stomach weight, ovary or testicular weight, shank girth, small intestine length, 1-week body weight, 6-week body weight, 12-week body weight, etc. These results demonstrate that GH gene could be a genetic locus or linked to a major gene significantly affecting the growth and carcass traits in chicken.     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the encoding region of EX-FABP gene and its association with fattiness trait in chicken

Fattiness is an important parameter to estimate meat quality, which has high heritability. In this experiment, F2 chickens derived from Broilers crossing to Silky were used to study the effect of extracellular fatty acid inding protein (EX-FABP) gene on abdominal fat accumulation. Five exons and partial introns of the gene were amplified by six pairs of primers, and then single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and subsequently confirmed by sequencing. There were four nucleotides variations found, T-C at 659, C-T at 924, CA-TG at 968 and C-T at 1985 respectively. The result of least square analysis suggests that the chickens with HH genotype defined by the third pair of primers have a lower abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage than the chickens with other genotypes (GG, GI, GH and II). It implies that extracellular fatty acid binding protein gene could be a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that significantly affects abdominal fat traits in chicken.     

腹部手术患者超长住院日与围手术期因素的关系

分析腹部手术患者超长住院日与围手术期因素的关系。对解放军总医院2009年至2010年1 998例腹部手术患者围手术期因素进行回顾性研究。对计数资料的单因素分析表明,术中失血≥1 000 mL、术中输血、年龄≥65岁、恶性疾病、发生并发症是发生超长住院日的促进因素,腹腔镜下切除是发生超长住院日的抑制因素。对计量资料的单因素分析表明,术中失血量、总输血量、手术时间是发生超长住院日的促进因素,血清白蛋白值是发生超长住院日的抑制因素。多因素分析表明,发生超长住院日的独立危险因素为手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血与并发症。说明医务人员应对患者进行完善的围手术期评估,采用先进的手术技术,最优化的围手术期管理措施,从而保证患者的手术安全、缩短住院日,使患者真正受益。     

Positive correlation between recombination rate and nucleotide diversity is shown under domestication selection in the chicken genome

Positive correlation between recombination rate and nucleoUde diversity has been observed in a wide variety of eukaryotes on megabase scale. On the basis of genome-wide chicken genetic variation map generated by comparing three domestic breeds with wild ancestor and the positions of markers on the genetic linkage map, we found that SNPs rates were similar for all chromosomes while the recombination rates increased in micro chromosomes. In other words no correlation exists in chromosome size. Nevertheless, when we scanned the genome by calculating the values of each characteristic within non-overlapping windows, instead of single value for each chromosomes, the nucleoUde diversity was found to be significantly correlated with the recombination rate （r=0.27, P〈0.0005）. Furthermore, the significant association not only existed between these two features, but also existed between all 6 pairwise combinations of nucleoUde diversity, recombination rate, GC content and average gene length. This co-variation is very meaningful for the studies of sequence evolution.     

转基因玉米遗传转化的研究进展

转基因玉米是目前植物基因工程的研究热点之一,已有转基因抗虫玉米、抗除草剂玉米进入商品化生产。通过对转基因玉米遗传转化方法的研究,概括了目前在转基因玉米的遗传转化中所用的各种方法、及其优缺点,以及已取得的成果和遗传转化的检测分析方法的研究进展。     

鸡脂肪肝综合征的诊断与防治

在韶关郊区某些鸡场,经常发生体质较好的内鸡和产蛋鸡内脏出血后死亡,经流行病学调查和病理剖检,确诊为鸡脂肪肝综合征,通过药物治疗。取得了较好的效果,鸡群死亡率得到了有效控制。     

热分析法在药物研究中应用的新进展

综述了热分析方法在药物研究中应用的一些新进展．它主要包括热机械方法和微区热分析法．热机械法是在程序控温下测量物质的机械性能的一种热分析方法,讨论了它在药用材料、药物的机械性能和药物控制释放等研究中的一些应用．微区热分析法是一种将扫描探针显微镜成像技术和热分析技术结合起来的新兴的热分析方法,讨论了它在药用高分子材料、多组分分析、多晶现象、药物剂型和药物控制释放等研究中的应用．