固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的鞣花酸含量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中鞣花酸的含量。样品用甲醇-水(1+1)溶液提取,超声提取10min,以10 000r·min-1转速离心5min,移取5.00mL上清液,经MAX固相萃取柱处理,用甲酸-甲醇(5+95)溶液洗脱。MG C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,以0.2%(体积分数)磷酸-乙腈(18+82)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,检测波长为254nm。线性范围为0.5~100mg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为20mg·kg-1,应用该方法对化妆品中鞣花酸的含量进行检测,加标回收率在83.5%~100%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定地表水中微囊藻毒素

提出了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素的方法.水样经减压过滤后,过C18反相固相萃取柱富集浓缩,用20%(体积分数)甲醇溶液淋洗,以1 mL·min-1的流速,用纯甲醇将微囊藻毒素从固相萃取柱上洗脱下来,氮吹浓缩后,用0.05 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液作流动相,与甲醇以体积比为40比60进行淋洗,紫外检测波长为238 nm,用此方法对两种微囊藻毒素MC-LR、MC-RR的线性范围为0.25～10.0 mg·L-1,测定限(10S/N)均为0.05 μg·L-1,回收率在76.2%～96.5%之间.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定羊肉中复方硝基酚钠残留量

羊肉样品经0.3mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液提取,离心所得上清液过CEC18固相萃取柱净化。流出液用盐酸调整酸度pH至3.0±0.3后再过AccuBONDⅡODS-C18柱净化,依次用3%(体积分数)氨化甲醇1.00mL和水0.30mL洗脱,所得淋洗液供高效液相色谱分析。以AgilentZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(40+60)混合液为流动相进行洗脱,用紫外检测器于波长283nm处检测。3种硝基酚钠的质量浓度均在50～2 000μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系。在125,500,1 000μg·L-1 3个添加水平下进行回收试验,硝基酚钠的回收率在74.5%～93.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于6.5%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸

样品经甲醇索式提取180 min及复合式弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱富集,用氨水-甲醇(1+99)溶液从柱上洗脱PFOS和PFOA使净化。洗脱液在45℃氮气吹干,残渣用流动相乙腈-5 mmol.L-1乙酸胺(42+58)混合溶液溶解定容至5 mL,取10μL注入超高效液相色谱仪。以不同体积比的乙腈与5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵的混合溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,经C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离。采用电喷雾负离子源及多反应监测模式测定。PFOS和PFOA的质量浓度均在40.0μg.L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为1μg.L-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,PFOS和PFOA的加标回收率分别在90.0%～99.4%和91.6%～104.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于13%。     

高效液相色谱法测定全血中直链烷基苯磺酸钠

提出了高效液相色谱法测定全血中直链烷基苯磺酸钠同系物的含量。全血样品用酸性提取溶液稀释,过Bakerbond SPE C18固相萃取小柱,经甲醇-乙酸-水(49+2+49)混合溶液淋洗后用甲醇-氨水(98+2)混合溶液洗脱。经纯化后的洗脱液在Wakopak WS AS-Aqua(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱上进行分离,流动相为乙腈与水(60+40)混合溶液,检测波长为228 nm。5种n-ABS同系物的C10~C14的质量分数在10.0~100.0 ng.g-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,全血中各同系物回收率为78%~107%;日内相对标准偏差(n=5)≤10%,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)≤13%。     

基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法测定五味子中尼哥纳乐酸

提出了基质固相分散一高效液相色谱法测定五味子中的尼哥纳乐酸的方法.将样品与硅胶以质量比1比4混合研磨后装入固相萃取柱,用纯的二氯甲烷以5 mL·min-1的流量淋洗,以除去共存干扰物.用二氯甲烷-丙酮(9+1)混合液将尼哥纳乐酸从固相萃取柱上洗脱,吹氮浓缩后,以ZORBAX Stable Bound C<,18>(4.6 mm× 100 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相,甲醇-水(82+18)为流动相,用蒸发光散射检测器检测.峰面积与尼哥纳乐酸的质量浓度在2.0～400.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为20μg·L-1.用此法分析五味子样品,所得结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于2.0%,标准加入回收率在96.8%～101.5%之间.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中13种抗生素的含量

采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中13种抗生素的含量。水样中的抗生素富集于PLS固相萃取柱上,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液进行LC分离,以Endeavorsil C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.4%(体积分数)甲酸-水溶液和甲醇-乙腈(40+60)溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。13种抗生素均在一定的质量浓度范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.4~1.5ng·L~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在70.4%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.1%~4.8%之间。     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法检测水中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的方法. 考察了固相萃取柱、洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积、上样速度以及洗脱速度对萃取效率的影响. 通过综合分析, 选定SupelcleanLC-18 SPE Tube固相萃取柱, 甲醇为洗脱剂, 洗脱体积2 mL, 上样速度为4 mL/min, 洗脱速度为1 mL/min. 在此萃取条件下, 萃取回收率在83.4%～121.2%之间. 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯质量浓度在2～100 mg/L之间均为线性. 经萃取后, 方法的最低检出限分别为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯0.06 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯0.16 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯0.08 μg/L. 方法的精密度在10%～15%之间. 应用该方法测定自来水中酞酸酯类化合物的含量, 加标回收率为83.6%～110.2%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中壬基苯酚

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中壬基苯酚含量的方法。化妆品试液用甲醇-二氯甲烷（8+2）混合溶液超声提取30 min[唇膏类试样用无水乙醇-二氯甲烷（8+2）混合溶液],离心分离取上清液过Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化。从SPE净化柱所得淋出液,以WatersXBridge C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5μm）为固定相分离,以不同体积比的甲醇和氨水（0.1+99.9）溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,串联质谱进行测定。采用电喷雾负离子模式多反应监测,内标法定量。壬基苯酚的线性范围为10～500μg·L^-1,测定下限（10S/N）为0.2 mg·kg。方法用于分析4种类型化妆品样品,回收率在83.1%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差（n=6）在2.75%～9.24%之间。     

离子色谱法测定水产品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量

提出了离子色谱法测定水产品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠残留量的方法。样品经0.01mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液超声浸取,先后经C18固相萃取柱和IC-Ag固相萃取柱净化,萃取液以AS-11(250mm×4mm)为分析柱,不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液梯度洗脱分离并用抑制型电导检测器测定甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量。甲醛次硫酸氢钠的质量分数在0.1～100mg.kg-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.05mg.kg-1。方法用于分析3种水产品样品,加标回收率在94.2%～103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.4%～3.8%之间。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。