Some Models for a Hierarchical Manpower System

This paper is an extension of previous work which described a model for a hierarchical manpower system with two grades. The model is first extended to a system with several grades, and then to a system with several types of entrant or in which the type of entrant has changed over time. Finally, a calculation is described which can be used to determine the best mix of qualifications amongst the entrants.     

Wastage and Promotion in Desired Manpower Structures

This paper presents a procedure which in many ways is a reversal of usual approaches to projection and planning in manpower systems. From computed wastage and promotion proportions, it is possible to return to the original principles of stationary probabilities and thereby compute the wastage and promotion intensities which produce the proportions corresponding to some desired planning proposals, for example the attainment of any desired set of strength distributions, and not just those arising from pre-determined planning constraints.     

A Grade-Specific Stochastic Model for the Analysis of Wastage in Manpower Systems

A stochastic model for a hierarchically-structured company is presented which accounts for the effect on wastage of the internal structure of the company and the promotion experience of its employees. We differentiate two main reasons for leaving, owing to the company's internal structure, and the model is formulated on the basis of the joint probabilities of the employee being in service or having left the company because of either reason by time t and his promotion experience up to t. It is shown that the model provides a good fit to a variety of observed leaving patterns of five large companies, explains the relationship between a number of important occupational variables and is useful for planning purposes in predicting future developments.     

A Projection Model for Hierarchical Manpower Systems

This paper presents a projection model for a hierarchical manpower system, viz. a combined group of English County Police Constabularies. The model is designed to describe how observed wastage and promotion rates will shape the internal structure of the system should these persist. Employees in the system are classified according to rank and completed length of service. The model also determines recruitment rates necessary to achieve desired manning levels.     

Entropy as a Measure of Stability in a Manpower System

It is important when studying a manpower system to be able to measure stability of the experience distribution and thus evade possible trauma. This paper develops the use of entropy as such a measure, both for the comparison of different companies in steady state, and as a means of monitoring the changes in tenure distribution in time for a particular firm. It is shown for several companies that the entropy measure does in fact reflect the changes in length of service structure taking place within the firm.     

Entropy as a Measure of the Experience Distribution in a Manpower System

It is important when studying a manpower system to be able to measure stability of the experience distribution and thus evade possible trauma. This paper develops the use of entropy as such a measure, both for the comparison of different companies in steady state, and as a means of monitoring the changes in tenure distribution in time for a particular firm. This is achieved by finding the probability of a person to be in a specific length of service class as t→∞ under the more general assumptions possible.     

Computation of a Redundant Ring in a Hierarchical Communication System

A hierarchical communication network, i.e., a multicommodity-flow star network, is considered. An exact bound is derived for the necessary and sufficient ring redundancy that guarantees attainment of the liveness upper bound.     

一类分层非结构化P2P系统的随机优化

对于一类利用中心式构架和分布式构架各自优点的分层非结构化P2P系统,通过定义一种Markov切换空间模型来描述其动态组划分切换行为,从而导出相应的系统性能优化问题.同时还在Markov决策过程理论的基础上给出了关于性能指标的参数化梯度优化算法,并通过相应的实例仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

Note on the Convergence of a Manpower Distribution

An estimate of the rate of convergence to its limit is given of the stochastic matrix describing the structure at time t of a stratified population in which the proportional wastage is compensated by recruitment to the lowest rank. An example is given.     

Note on a Stochastic Manpower Smoothing and Production Model

It is shown that the optimal policy for a stochastic manpower smoothing and production model, with regular and overtime hours can be characterized by a set of four critical numbers for each state and each period, resulting in substantial computational simplifications.     

New Approach to Solving a System of Variational Inequalities and Hierarchical Problems

This paper deals with a viscosity iterative method, in real Hilbert spaces, for solving a system of variational inequalities over the fixed-point sets of possibly discontinuous mappings. Under classical conditions, we prove a strong convergence theorem for our method. The proposed algorithm can be applied for instance to solving variational inequalities in some situations when the projection methods fail. Moreover, the techniques of analysis are novel and provide new tools in designing approximation schemes for combined and bilevel optimization problems.