黄酮类化合物的密度泛函理论研究

在混合密度泛函B3LYP理论下,用6-31G*基函数研究了几种典型黄酮类化合物分子的几何结构、电子结构和分子的静电势,讨论了电子结构和分子活性部位的关系.     

氮混杂金属卟啉吸收光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)水平上研究了4种金属Mg, Ni, Cu, Zn配位的自由卟啉(FBP)及氮混杂卟啉(NECP)的几何结构及分子轨道能级. 采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法计算了金属与2种卟啉配位后在气体条件下的电子吸收光谱, 包括激发能、 吸收波长、 跃迁组成和振子强度.计算结果表明, 与金属配位的FBP(M-FBP)具有D_4h对称性, 分子轨道能级HOMO/HOMO-1和LUMO/LUMO+1因能级相近发生简并, HOMO-LUMO轨道能级差大约3.0 eV, 在Soret带出现较强吸收峰.由于C/N原子位置的改变, 非对称性结构的M-NECP前线轨道组成发生改变, 轨道能级差(HOMO-LUMO)减小至2.6 eV左右, 且能级发生分裂, Soret带出现多个电子吸收谱峰, Q带也出现吸收峰. 本文研究了水、 氯仿和苯3种不同极性溶剂对M-FBP和M-NECP的分子轨道及电子吸收光谱的影响, 结果表明, 随溶剂极性减弱金属配合物的电子吸收光谱发生红移, 并且吸收峰强度增强.     

三种席夫碱-Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的电子结构和吸收光谱的理论计算

采用B3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ方法优化了三种Ni(Ⅱ)的席夫碱配合物基态的几何构型,并在相同水平下进行了频率分析以确认稳定点的性质;利用含时密度泛函理论和极化连续介质模型(PCM),按TDB3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平计算了目标配合物在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中的电子结构和吸收光谱.计算结果表明,配体中间位甲氧基的存在使配合物A具有较大的HOMO-LUMO能级差;且三种Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的S0→S1态的跃迁能按照A→B→C的顺序依次降低.     

稠环芳烃菲电子激发态的含时密度泛函理论研究

用含时密度泛函理论TD-DFT及组态相关CIS、含时TD-HF方法对菲的UV光谱进行了理论研究,在几何构型优化的基础上,计算了其垂直电子激发能．计算表明,基函数的选择对激发能的计算影响较大,而不同的密度泛函交换一相关势对其影响较小,这和轨道能级的系统误差相互抵消有关．对菲的电子跃迁能的计算,与实验结果比较相一致,理论与实验的误差和不同的实验之间的误差在同一个数量级之内,显示TD-DFT方法比CIS,TD-HF方法更适合电子激发能的计算．     

间位取代卟啉及其锌卟啉的电子吸收光谱

取代的卟啉类衍生物在气敏传感器方面具有广泛的应用前景.本文采用了密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)研究了四种不同取代基的卟啉衍生物(meso位四硝基苯基/四氨基苯基卟啉(NO2PP,NH2PP)及其相应的锌金属卟啉衍生物(NO2ZnPP,NH2ZnPP))的紫外和近紫外光谱特征.利用两种不同的交换相关泛函(广义梯度近似泛函(PBE)和杂化密度泛函(B3LYP))优化了上述四种物质的结构,并应用TD-DFT计算了相应的电子激发能量和振动强度.结果表明,取代卟啉的吸收光谱与大量的电子跃迁有关;与B3LYP泛函预测的光谱相比,PBE泛函所得B带以及Q带的波长位置与实验值更为接近.另外,计算所得硝基取代基卟啉的B带相对于氨基取代基卟啉的B带发生了红移,这与实验现象也保持一致.由于卟啉衍生物的三重激发态在电子转移中有很重要的应用,因此在PBE/6-31G(d)水平上计算了四种物质的最低三重激发态能量,分别为1.426、1.469、1.608和1.581eV.     

新型硫靛染料发色体吸收光谱的理论研究

靛族染料作为一类重要的还原染料,广泛应用于印染及食品等工业领域,同时在太阳能的贮存和利用、信息记录、液晶材料以及医药等方面也有重要应用前景[1-5]。前人的实验和理论研究表明,靛族染料的颜色源于其分子结构中的给电子-受电子基本发色体(参见图式1),给电子基团X(X=NH,O,S     

一类五核平面开口型过渡金属原子簇电子吸收光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的TDDFT研究

运用TDDFT B3LYP/LanL2DZ方法, 研究了一类具有非中心对称的五核平面开口构型过渡金属原子簇化合物[MoS₄Cu₄(py)₆X₂] (X＝Br, I)的电子吸收光谱和静态二阶非线性极化率, 估算了晶体的宏观二阶非线性光学系数. 电子吸收光谱的计算结果与实验测量结果比较符合; 碘系簇合物的静态二阶非线性极化率大于溴系. 详细讨论了该类金属簇合物电子吸收光谱的归属及其相关联的电子跃迁方式; 在微观水平上阐述了其二阶非线性光学性质的起源. 研究结果表明外围无机卤素配体4p/5p轨道到簇芯[MoS₄]杂化轨道的电子转移对静态二阶非线性极化率的贡献大于有机配体的贡献; 而过渡金属簇芯内的电子转移也有较大的贡献. 这对于理解过渡金属原子簇化合物内的电子转移对光学激发的作用以及用来设计新的无机-有机杂化二阶非线性光学材料有较大的帮助.     

两种香豆素分子与TiO_2之间电荷转移的理论研究

染料敏化太阳能电池以其低成本高效率引起了人们广泛的关注,其中的光诱导电荷转移过程对太阳能电池的光电转化效率起着重要作用.本工作中我们以两种香豆素类染料分子7-羟基香豆素-4-乙酸(HCA)和7-N,N-二甲胺基香豆素-4-乙酸(DMACA)为例,从理论上研究了它们的几何结构和电子吸收光谱;并将其吸附在TiO_2表面上,计算了它们与TiO_2表面之间电荷转移的重组能、耦合强度和驱动力,进而计算了电荷转移速率.结果表明,DMACA分子中二甲胺基在第一激发态的旋转能垒约为0.08 eV,因此DMACA分子在第一激发态时很容易发生扭转.通过对HCA-TiO_2/DMACA-TiO_2体系中电子转移过程的研究,发现尽管两者重组能相似,但前者耦合强度和驱动力比后者小,使前者的电子转移速率略小于后者.当DMACA-TiO_2体系中二甲胺基在激发态发生扭转后,耦合强度略微减小,但由于驱动力减小,重组能增大,电子注入速率明显降低.因此,本工作不仅合理地解释了实验现象,而且也提供了一种理论预测染料分子-半导体界面上电子转移的可行性方法.     

黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的构效关系研究

自由基具有强烈的氧化能力,研究寻找自由基清除剂越来越引起人们的重视。本文对已有实验报道的10种黄酮的结构进行了几何优化,并进行了电子结构计算,以实验测定的黄酮类化合物清除对苯半醌自由基能力的高低,即清除率数据为因变量,以量化计算得到的电子结构指数为自变量,用相关分析和逐步回归方法加以讨论,从理论上对实验结果进行了较为圆满的解释,并得出了较为合理的定量构效关系(QSAR)方程,为设计高活性抗氧化性黄酮类化合物提供了理论参考。     

N-杂环卡宾-吡啶基钌光敏染料的电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

以N749染料为母体,保留三联吡啶配体(tcterpy)作为辅助配体,利用两齿的N-杂环卡宾-吡啶配体(NHC-py)替代2个硫氰酸(NCS)配体设计了一系列同时含有三齿配体和两齿配体的染料分子1~4.利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法对染料分子1~4及母体分子N749的几何结构、电子结构和光谱性质进行了系统的理论研究.研究结果表明,该系列分子具有良好的光吸收性能,最低能吸收波长可达到800 nm,吸收跃迁为MLCT/LLCT混合跃迁.     

Theoretical studies of electronic absorption and emission spectra of Pt(saloph)

The performance of ab initio calculations for the ground and excited states of the Pt(saloph) complex is examined in detail. The S₀–S_i and T₁–T_i absorption spectra are calculated, and the transition between the ground S₀ state and the excited S₁ state involves the HOMO-2, HOMO-1, HOMO and LUMO. Moreover, calculations show that the emissive singlet is of mixed MLCT/LLCT characteristic. On the other hand, the molecular geometry of the complex is nearly planar in the ground state while the geometry is obviously nonplanar in the excited state of S₁(π, π^*) in the gas phase.     

Theoretical studies on the electronic spectra of substituted aromatic molecules

A simple Pariser-Parr-Pople-electron SCF method (i.e. one in which parameter variation with charge densities and bond orders is neglected) is used to predict the first three electronic transitions and the ionization potentials of polysubstituted benzenes and five-membered ring heterocyclics containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The parameters were chosen to fit results for the monosubstituted benzenes and then tested on the polysubstituted compounds, using charge transfer data and oxidation potentials to estimate the ionization potentials. No serious deviations other than those which could be ascribed to steric effects for the ortho disubstituted compounds were found, indicating that penetration integrals and non-nearest-neighbor effects can be absorbed into the semi-empirical parameters. For the five-membered ring heterocyclics it is shown that it is unsatisfactory to use the simple parent compounds, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene as reference molecules in choosing parameters, since satisfactory choices for these molecules often give quite unrealistic results for the corresponding benzo and dibenzo derivatives. Sets of parameters which give consistent results for the parent and the benzo and dibenzo derivatives are given for the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heterocyclics.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels eines PPP-SCF-Verfahrens (mit von der Dichtematrix unabhängigen Parametern) werden die drei ersten Elektronenübergänge und Ionisationspotentiale von mehrfach-substituierten Benzolen sowie von heterocyclischen Fünfringen mit N, O und S berechnet. Die Parameter wurden an den einfach-substituierten Benzolen adjustiert. Bei Übertragung auf polysubstituierte Verbindungen ergaben sich nur bei den ortho-disubstituierten Abweichungen, die auf den spezifischen sterischen Verhältnissen beruhen dürften. Daraus wird der Schluß gezogen, daß Durchdringungsintegrale und Effekte übernächster Nachbarn in die Parameter eingeschlossen werden können. Im Fall der Fünfringe zeigt sich, daß man besser nicht die einfachen und unsubstituierten Ringe für die Parameterwahl benützt, weil man sonst oft für Benzo- und Dibenzoabkömmlinge unrealistische Resultate erhält. Dagegen lassen sich Parametersätze finden, die für alle drei Typen befriedigende Ergebnisse liefern.

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Résumé Une méthode SCF Pariser-Parr-Pople pour électrons, sans variation des paramètres avec les charges et les indices de liaison, est utilisée pour prédire les trois premières transitions électroniques et les potentiels d'ionisation des benzènes polysubstitués et des hétérocycles pentagonaux contenant de l'azote de l'oxygène et du soufre. Les paramètres ont été ajustés sur les benzènes mono-substitués et testés sur les composés polysubstitués, en utilisant les données du transfert de charge et les potentiels d'oxydation pour évaluer les potentiels d'ionisation. Peu d'écarts importants ont été obtenus, en dehors de ceux que l'on peut attribuer à des effets stériques dans les composés di substitués en ortho; ceci indique que les intégrales de pénétration et les effets des voisins lointains peuvent être introduits dans les paramètres semi-empiriques. En ce qui concerne les hétérocycles à cinq atomes, on montre qu'il n'est pas satisfaisant d'utiliser les composés parents simples: pyrrole, furane et thiophène, comme molécules de référence pour le choix des paramètres, car on obtient ainsi des résultats souvent non réalistes pour les dérivés benzo et di benzo correspondants. On donne des paramètres permettant d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants dans ces cas.

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NASA Research Trainee 1967.     

Theoretical study of the polarized electronic absorption spectra of vanadium-doped zircon

The polarized electronic absorption spectra of a blue vanadium-doped zircon single crystal, grown by the flux method, has been studied by quantum chemical (CI) calculations in order to determine the position of the V⁴⁺ dopant in the zircon host structure. Particularly, the excitation energies and polarizations of V⁴⁺ occupying alternate positions, either the zirconium or silicon position or the interstitial site 16g, have been considered. It is concluded that the observed electronic absorption spectra and the color of zirconblue can only be explained if the V⁴⁺ chromophore is placed on the respective interstitial position.     

Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and spectra of single silicon-doped SWCNTs

The equilibrium geometries and electronic structures of a series of SWCNTs doped with a silicon atom were studied by using density function theory (DFT). The most stable doping site of silicon predicted at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level was located near the boundary of the SWCNTs. The energy gaps of (3,3) C₄₈, (3,3) C₆₀ and (3,3) C₇₂ were respectively decreased by 0.43, 0.25 and 0.14 eV after doping. Based on the B3LYP/6-31G(d) optimized geometries, the electronic spectra of the doped SWCNTs were computed using the INDO/CIS method. The first UV absorption at 973.9 nm of (5,5)-Si(L) (C₅₉Si) compared with that at 937.5 nm of (5,5) (C₆₀) was red-shifted. The ¹³C NMR spectra and nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) of the doped SWCNTs were investigated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The chemical shift at 119.4 of the carbon atom bonded with the silicon atom in (3,3)-Si(L) (C₅₉Si) in comparison with that at 144.1 of the same carbon atom in (3,3) (C₆₀) moved upfield. The tendency of the aromaticity (NICS = −0.1) for (3,3)-Si(H) (C₄₇Si) with respect to that of the anti-aromaticity (NICS = 6.0) for (3,3) (C₄₈) was predicted.      

Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and absorption spectra of substituted benzenes with one- and two-dimensional charge transfer character

The electronic structures and absorption spectra of one- and two-dimensional charge transfer (CT) molecules based on para-nitroaniline (pNA) and 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitro- benzene (DADB) have been studied theoretically via semi-empirical and ab initio methods. It is found that the behaviors of optical absorption are strongly influenced by the dimension of CT. Different from the well-known one-dimensional CT molecule of pNA, which shows one intense absorption related to the π → π^* CT transition, two-dimensional CT molecule of DADB exhibits more absorption peaks associated with various low-lying CT transitions in near ultraviolet range. In addition, the relative orientations of transition dipole moment and ground state dipole moment in one- and two-dimensional charge transfer molecules were also discussed.     

Theoretical study of solvent influence on the electronic absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine

Neutral/zwitterionic form equilibrium, excited state wave functions, absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine (KN) in various solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethylsulfoxide) have been studied theoretically. The ground electronic state geometries have been optimized by density functional theory methods; the geometries of the first two singlets excited electronic states have been optimized using the CASSCF technique. The influence of the solvent was taken into account by the calculation of the solvation free energies using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). The spectra of electronic absorption and fluorescence emission have been calculated by the CS‐INDO S‐CI and SDT‐CI methods [Momicchioli, Baraldi, and Bruni, Chem Phys, 1983, 82, 229]. The calculated data reproduce the experimental positions of maxima and the solvent‐induced shifts of the absorption and emission bands well. The energy gap between the two lowest excited states of KN increases from aprotic to protic solvents. This fact suggests that the “proximity effect” cannot be responsible for the ultrafast decay of KN fluorescence in protic solvents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

洛汾碱衍生物的电子结构及光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-31G*方法,对4种洛汾碱类化合物的几何构型进行了优化,在此基础上计算分子的电子结构,并结合有限场FF方法研究了二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质.用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对上述化合物分子进行吸收光谱的研究.研究表明在4,5-二-苯基-2-对甲酰苯基咪唑生色团中4,5苯环上引入硝基和3位N原子引入苄基改变分子的共轭平面,使二阶非线性极化率总有效值(βtot)减小,吸收峰总体蓝移.同时还发现,在CH2Cl2溶剂中a和c分子的λmax主要来源于HOMO→LUMO的π一π*跃迁,b和d分子的λmax主要来源于HOMO→LUMO+2的π→π*跃迁.     

Theoretical studies on the structures and electronic spectra of C75B−

Intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) calculations were used to study the structure of C₇₅B^?—the isoelectronic molecule of C₇₆. It was found that the boron atom mainly substitutes the second carbon atom (there are 19 types of carbon atoms in C₇₆). The electronic spectra of all the possible isomers of C₇₅B^? were calculated based on the optimized geometries. It was shown that the UV‐Vis spectra of C₇₅B^? and C₇₆ resemble each other in many ways with the exception of the absorptions beyond 700 nm. The red shift of the absorptions was rationalized and nature of transition of the peaks discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003