Electrochemical extraction of alkaloids of the tropane group from plant raw material

Summary 1. In a study of the carbohydrates ofEremurus regeli Vved., according to the period of development of the plant, it has been found that in the leaves the maximum amount of pectin substances is present in the period of the ripening of the seeds. In the tuber roots, water-soluble polysaccharides form the main component and they are present in maximum amount after the withering of the epigeal part.2. A preliminary investigation of the pectin substances from the leaves has shown that they belong to the heteropolysaccharides consisting of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 429–432, July–August, 1974.     

Investigation of the coumarins and furocoumarins ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC.) Grossh.

Summary 1. Osthole, oxypeucedanin, heraclenin, and oxypeucedanin hydrate have been isolated from the roots ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC) Grossh. and identified; the presence of traces of isoimperatorin, imperatorin, and umbelliferone has been established chromatographically. A substance with mp 149–150° apparently belonging to the sitosterol group has been obtained.2. Xanthotoxin has been isolated from the leaves and stems; the presence of a small amount of bergaptene and umbelliferone has been detected chromatographically.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 356–359, 1965     

A study of the polysaccharides from the stems ofAlcea hyrcana

Conclusions 1. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bark and stems ofAlcea hyrcana Grossh. with yields of 2.2% and 1.6%, respectively; they contain uronic acids, glucose, arabinose, and xylose.2.The quantitative amounts of these monosaccharides in samples of the isolated polysaccharides have been determined.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 397–400, 1970     

An investigation of the alkaloids of Ammothamnus lehmanni the structure of lehmannine

Summary 1. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the combined alkaloids from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots ofAmmothamnus lehmanni Bge. according to its vegetation periods have been studied.2. It has been found that the young plant contains predominantly the N-oxide forms of the matrine alkaloids, and as the plant develops these are reduced to the free bases.3. A new base lehmannine, C₁₅H₂₂ON₂ has been isolated for which 12,13-dehydromatrine is proposed as the most probable structure.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 377–380, May–June, 1975.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

N-oxides of homoaporphine alkaloids from Merendera raddeana

The alkaloid complex of the leaves, stems, seeds, and seed pods ofMerendera raddeana Rgl. (familyLiliaceae) has been investigated. A number of known tropolone alkaloids and their photochemical isomers have been isolated together with the homoaporphine bases merenderine, kreysiginine, and O-methyl-kreysiginine and their N-oxides, which have not been described in the literature. One of them (merenderine N-oxide) has been characterized by its physical constants and has been investigated by IR, PMR, and mass-spectral methods. By a study of the PMR spectrum of the fraction of neutral alkaloids from the leaves of the plant it has been established that it consists mainly of a mixture of equal amounts of colchicine and cornigerine.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 86–91, January–February, 1991.     

Characteristics of the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum

The characteristics of the water-soluble complex of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum are given. The presence in them of acidic components of the type of pectic substances containing considerable amounts of compounds of protein nature has been shown. It has proved to be possible to separate the latter from the carbohydrate component by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–774, November–December, 1979.     

Catechin gallates ofRheum maximoviczii A. Los

Summary The roots ofRheum maximoviczii A. Los. contain two catechin gallates: (–)-epicatechin gallate, previously isolated from the leaves of green tea and (±)-catechin gallate found in this plant for the first time. The amount of catechin gallates in the roots is lower in the autumn than in the spring.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 26–29, 1966     

Determination of the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides

Summary 1. The possibility has been shown of using a method proposed by us previously to determine the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides.2. The positions of the sulfate groups in the following sulfated polysaccharides have been determined: fucan and pelvecyan fromPelvetia wrightii and sargassan fromSargassum pallidum.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 573–577, September–October, 1976.     

Saponins ofDioscorea polystachya

Summary A new water-soluble saponin, dioscinin, consisting of a glucoside-dirhamnoside-glucoside of 25D-22-spirost-5-en-3-ol has been isolated from the rhizomes ofDioscorea polystachya. In addition to dioscin and dioscinin, the rhizomes ofDioscorea polystachya contain a small amount of gracillin and the kikuba-saponin corresponding to it.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 155–158, 1967     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Polysaccharides ofPanax ginseng

Summary 1. A polysaccharide fraction consisting of about 40% by weight of the roots has been isolated from the roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Mey and characterized.2. It has been established that the polysaccharides of ginseng contain a glucan of the starch type and a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 299–303, 1966     

Chemical composition of the rhizomes of the Rhodiola rosea by the HPLC method

The component composition of extracts of the rhizomes ofRhodiola rosea has been studied by the HPLC method; the amount of rosavin has been determined and its lability on the autofermention of the raw material has been established.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Scientific-Production Combine, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 188–193, March–April, 1991.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

Berberis alkaloids. XVII. Investigation of the alkaloids of Berberis heteropoda

The alkaloid composition of young shoots and leaves ofBerberis heteropoda Schrenk has been studied. In addition to known alkaloids, two new ones have been isolated — N-methyldihydroberberine and 8-oxoberberrubine, the structures of which were established by chemical transformations and a study of spectral properties. Of known alkaloids, berbamunine, aromoline, glaucine, thalicmidine, isocorydine, and reticuline have been found in this plant for the first time. Pseudopalmitine and laudanosine have been found for the first time in plants of the genusBerberis.Andizhan State Medical Institute. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of Uzbek Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–59, January–February, 1993.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofBrassica oleracea

Lipids and polysaccharides have been obtained from the leaves ofBrassica oleracea. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the total neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The carbohydrate complex of cabbage includes water-soluble polysaccharides, low-methoxyl pectins, hemicelluloses, and free monosugars. The polypeptides have been characterized by their mannoside compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1994.     

Coumarin composition of the roots, stems, and fruit of Prangos lophoptera

Summary The coumarin composition of the roots, stems, and fruit ofPrangos lophoptera has been studied; in addition to known coumarin derivatives two new compounds have been isolated and have been calledisogosferol (XIII) andlophopterol (XIV).On the basis of a study of the IR, mass, and NMR spectra, and chemical properties of the latter, the most probable structure of 6-(3-hydroxy-1,2-ethoxyisopentyl)-7-methoxycoumarin has been proposed for it.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygienic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 708–710, November–December, 1974.     

Carbohydrate complex of the fruit of Chaenomeles maulei

The carbohydrate complex of the fruit ofChaenomeles maulei contains more than 70% of water-soluble sugars, including sucrose, arabinose, galactose, fructose, and glucose. The bulk of the carbohydrate is represented by water-soluble pectin, and protopectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The monomeric compositions of all the fractions of carbohydrates and the ratio between the reducing and inverted sugars have been studied.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 460–463, July–August, 1990.     

An investigation of the glycosides ofPolemonium coeruleum

Conclusions Two individual glycosides, polemonioside B and polemonioside C, have been isolated from the roots ofPolemonium coeruleum L. for the first time and some of their properties have been studied.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 498–501, 1969     

Use of the paramagnetic shift agent Eu(DPM)3 for studying the structure and stereochemistry of conferol and conferone

Summary A spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining the content of aspidin in a crystalline powder and in the rhizomes of the fernsDryopteris spinulosa (M),D. phegopteris (L.), andD. fragrans (L.) Schott.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 684–687, November–December, 1970.