湿法炼锌浸出渣的处理

研究了常规搅拌浸出及机械活化浸出方式下，温度、酸度及浸出时间等对锌焙砂酸浸渣中锌、铁浸出率的影响，考查了铁酸锌的浸出行为．试验结果表明，提高温度及酸度有利于酸浸渣中锌的浸出；机械活化浸出可明显改善铁酸锌的浸出行为，提高锌的浸出率，并改善锌、铁选择性浸出分离的效果，相同条件下，锌的浸出率可比常规搅拌浸出提高１６％～２５％．     

湿法炼锌净化过程的数学模型和优化控制

针对株洲厂湿法炼锌过程中的自动化控制，研究了沸腾槽净化过程的数学模型，在此基础上进行了动态优化控制，并给出了仿真结果。     

湿法炼锌中的环境保护问题研究

湿法炼锌是生产锌的主要方法,然而无论是涩法炼锌的设计阶段亦或是工艺执行阶段有可能产生严重的环境污染问题,因此涅法炼锌流程需要遵循必要的环境保护标准,在确保与生态环境和谐共处的前提下提升锌的产量。随着民众对生态环境保护意识的提高,环境保护这一基本国策也逐渐在化学工业领域得以贯彻和落实,关于温法炼锌中环境保护的可行性研究得到了社会的共识。本文针对涅法炼锌过程中的环境保护问题展开了深入研究。     

湿法炼锌浸出渣和净化渣的综合回收

对湿法炼锌浸出渣和净化渣进行有效处理,综合回收其中的有价金属,提高了对矿产资源的合理利用,同时低排放、低污染,减少了对环境的危害.     

湿法炼锌中电解锌溶液除氟的研究

采用加入ＣａＣＯ３作载体，对用石灰乳沉淀电解锌溶液中Ｆ－的除氟方法进行改进．试验结果表明，除氟效果比原法提高６０～７０ｍｇ／Ｌ     

黄钾铁矾法炼锌矿渣中锌的提取条件试验

传统湿法分析过程中采用两段或多段浸出的流程,存在浸出率低的问题.该文研究对国内某厂黄钾铁矾法炼锌所产生的矿渣进行了浸出试验,采用浓硫酸浸出其中的锌,浸出条件为:液固比4:1,浸出温度160℃,时间6h.最后锌的浸出率达98%以上,达到预期要求,操作更简单,对现实很有指导意义和参考价值.     

湿法炼锌净化钴渣新处理工艺

提出了氨-硫酸铵体系处理湿法炼锌净化钴渣的新工艺.该工艺首先用铵-氨水溶液浸出烘烤后的钴渣,再用锌粉对浸出液净化除杂并进行锌与镉、钴、铜及铜与钴的分离.在最佳技术条件下,金属浸出率(质量分数)分别为Zn91.18%,Cu96.98%,Cd99.38%,Co89.35%;净化所得的富钴渣含Co3.79%,富集比达8.4,从这种钴渣中可直接提取钴或钴盐;而净化液可直接制取活性锌粉.氨-硫酸铵法具有原料适应性强,设备防腐要求低,能常温操作,能耗低,除杂容易等优点,是处理湿法炼锌废渣、综合利用有价元素的较好方法.     

软锰矿与硫精矿直接浸出制备硫酸锰及在电解锌工业上的应用

本文介绍使用软锰矿和硫精矿在酸性条件下常压直接浸出制取硫酸锰溶液来快速解决湿法炼锌厂贫锰问题的理论与实践。     

湿法炼锌废电解液冷冻结晶除镁新工艺

以湿法炼锌废电解液为原料,采用冷冻结晶方法选择性分离溶液中的硫酸镁,研究结晶温度、反应时间和硫酸质量浓度等因素对除镁行为的影响,获得冷冻结晶除镁的优化工艺技术参数,进一步分析结晶产物的化学组成和资源化利用途径.研究结果表明:降低结晶温度、延长反应时间以及增大硫酸质量浓度有利于提升结晶除镁效果;在结晶温度为-10℃、反应...     

从无铁渣湿法炼锌流程还原补锰液中萃取铟

考察了P₂0₄对Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺及In³⁺的硫酸盐模拟溶液中各种金属离子的萃取性能,然后对真实溶液无铁渣湿法炼锌流程中高酸浸出液的还原补锰液中的铟进行萃取分离.确定了萃取分离铟的最佳条件为：(ⅰ)有机相组成分为30%P₂0₄+70%磺化煤油;（ⅱ）温度20　℃±;（ⅲ）级数3级;（ⅳ）相比O/A=3∶1;（ⅴ）时间5　min,在最佳条件下,铟的萃取率≥99.4%,P204对In³⁺,Zn²⁺,Mn2⁺　３种金属的萃取饱和容量分别为54.0　g·L^-1,22.0　g·L^-1和2.0　g·L^-1,全流程铟的直收率达到77.58%,总回收率≥95.0%,比传统提取铟流程回收率提高20%以上.     

Zn(Ⅱ)-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系浸出锌烟尘

提出硫酸铵浸出法处理锌烟尘的新工艺。该工艺利用不同温度下锌在硫酸铵溶液中的溶解度的差别,先在高温下将锌浸入溶液然后降温冷却,使锌呈含F和Cl很低的复盐析出,然后回收。以株冶集团锌烟尘为试料,对浸出过程进行研究。研究结果表明:浸出温度和硫酸铵浓度显著影响锌的浸出率;最佳浸出条件是:液固比为16?1,硫酸铵浓度为4.0 mol/L,pH值为5.5,浸出温度为90℃,浸出时间为4 h,在该条件下,按渣含锌计算的浸出率达到85.16%。     

Leaching of lead from zinc leach residue in acidic calcium chloride aqueous solution

A process with potentially reduced environmental impacts and occupational hazards of lead-bearing zinc plant residue was studied to achieve a higher recovery of lead via a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. This paper describes an optimization study on the leaching of lead from zinc leach residue using acidic calcium chloride aqueous solution. Six main process conditions, i.e., the solution pH value, stirring rate, concentration of CaCl₂ aqueous solution, liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, leaching temperature, and leaching time, were investigated. The microstructure and components of the residue and tailing were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). On the basis of experimental results, the optimum reaction conditions were determined to be a solution pH value of 1, a stirring rate of 500 r·min-1, a CaCl₂ aqueous solution concentration of 400 g·L-1, a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 7:1, a leaching temperature of 80℃, and a leaching time of 45 min. The leaching rate of lead under these conditions reached 93.79%, with an iron dissolution rate of 19.28%. Silica did not take part in the chemical reaction during the leaching process and was accumulated in the residue.     

机械活化对磁黄铁矿浸出动力学的影响

利用X线衍射仪、比表面积测试仪、扫描电镜和粒径分析仪对未机械活化和经振动磨机械活化后的磁黄铁矿进行分析和表征.在FeCl3-HCl体系中对未机械活化和经机械活化后的磁黄铁矿的浸出动力学进行研究.研究结果表明:机械活化增加磁黄铁矿的微观结构缺陷和比表面积,粉末粒度减小,形成的团聚体非常明显;与未活化的磁黄铁矿相比较,经机械活化10,20和40 min后的磁黄铁矿化学反应活性提高,反应速度加快,表观活化能降低,其中表观活化能由未活化时的150 kJ/mol分别降至58,49和45 kJ/mol.     

锑盐除钴净化工艺研究

为寻求降低湿法炼锌溶液净化过程中的锌粉消耗的有效途径 ,研究了两段逆锑净化除钴工艺中净化温度、锌粉加入量、锌粉粒度、搅拌速度等因素对净化效果的影响 .结果表明 ,净化温度和锌粉加入量是影响净化除钴效果的主要因素 ,在锌粉用量≥ 1 .6g·L- 1 、温度 85℃、搅拌速度≥ 30 0r/min、锌粉粒度较细的条件下 ,可使净化后溶液 [Co2 ]≤ 0 .50mg·L- 1 ,这对实际生产有重要的指导意义     

氧化锌矿的碱浸出

将处理氧化铝矿物的拜耳法移植于氧化锌矿的湿法处理形成"锌拜耳法",用浓碱浸出氧化锌矿,然后降低温度或浓度使锌以氢氧化锌的形式析出,析出母液经浓缩处理后返回浸出矿,研究氧化锌矿的碱浸出过程。研究结果表明:当氢氧化钠浓度为5mol/L,浸出温度为85℃,液固比为10:1,浸出时间为2h时,氧化锌矿中锌的浸出率为77%,铅的浸出率为9%,镉的浸出率为5%。     

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine was investigated to assess the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, leaching temperature, and the stirring speed on the leaching rates of zinc and iron. The results showed that the sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, and leaching temperature strongly influenced the leaching of zinc and iron, whereas stirring speed had little influence. Zinc was mainly leached and the leaching rate of iron was low when the sulfuric acid concentration was less than 100 g/L. At sulfuric acid concentrations higher than 100 g/L, the leaching rate of iron increased quickly with increasing sulfuric acid concentration. This behavior is attributed to iron-bearing minerals such as zinc ferrite in zinc calcine dissolving at high temperatures and high sulfuric acid concentrations but not at low temperatures and low sulfuric acid concentrations.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

低品位钼精矿的钼提取研究

采用焙烧—氨浸—渣碱浸工艺对某低品位钼精矿进行钼提取的研究.结果表明,碳酸钠的加入能有效分解钼酸钙,提高钼的提取率.焙烧—氨浸阶段最优工艺条件为焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间2 h,氨浸温度80℃,氨水过量系数1.4,碳酸钠用量467 kg/t,液固比4.浸出渣中的钼分别采用酸法(HCl)和碱法(Na2CO3+NaOH)进行提取.结果表明:酸法仅可回收渣中34.92%的钼,而且操作过程不易控制,不适合实际应用;碱法(Na2CO3+NaOH)处理工艺中碳酸钠用量533 kg/t,氢氧化钠用量433 kg/t.放大实验结果显示整个流程钼的回收率达到96.8%.