介电限域效应对SnO_2纳米微粒光学特性的影响

半导体纳米微粒作为一种新兴材料，在声、光、电、磁、热及催化等方面显示出全新的异于体相材料和分子或原子的特性，在理论和实验上已引起。们极大的兴趣I‘，’］．当纳米微粒的尺寸接近或小于激于玻尔半径时，表现出明显的量子尺寸效应，其表现光学能隙变大，一些半导体粒子如CdS，Cdse等纳米微粒的量予尺寸效应已经被人们利用有效质量近似模型做了定性解释。八但是，由于纳米微粒尺寸小，具有相对大的表面积，因而粒子周围的介质可以强烈地影响它们的光学性质【’，‘1．我们采用胶体化学方法，对SnO。阶电常数为13）半导体纳米微粒…     

聚合物纳米光诊疗剂的制备与应用新进展

共轭聚合物纳米颗粒是由π-共轭有机聚合物组成的尺寸在1~100nm范围内的新型有机纳米材料。与传统的有机小分子、半导体量子点和无机纳米材料相比,聚合物纳米颗粒具有光学性质特殊、结构多样、表面易修饰和生物相容性好等优点,因而被广泛应用于生物成像、传感与检测、载药和治疗等领域。本文主要围绕聚合物纳米颗粒的制备方法、性质结构和生物相容性等方面,重点介绍了聚合物纳米颗粒作为光诊疗剂在荧光成像、光声成像,以及光动力和光热治疗领域的研究进展,并对聚合物纳米颗粒的发展前景和未来面临的挑战进行了探讨。     

CdS纳米微粒在LB膜层隙聚集形态的AFM观察

用LB技术制备纳米微粒与超薄有机膜的复合膜是近年来值得注意的研究进展＊．利用该方法所制备出的材料既具有纳米粒子所特有的量子尺度效应，又具有LB股的分子层次有序、股厚可控以及易于组装等特点．它可用来制备结构可控的有机无机交替膜．而且，通过改变LB膜成膜材料和制备条件还可改变纳米粒子的光电特性．因此它在微电子学、光电子学、非线性光学及传感器等研究领域有着十分广阔的应用前景问．纳米微粒的聚集形态及LB膜在生成纳米微粒后的结构变化对材料的特性有着很大的影响．但采用一般的电镜技术或光谱分析手段均不能在实空间和…     

ZnO-聚苯胺复合膜的制备和性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法在Au膜、聚苯胺膜(PANI)和ITO(导电玻璃)基体上制备ZnO纳米微粒膜,初步研究了该微粒膜的形貌,结构和紫外-可见吸收等性质.结果表明,PANI的孔洞结构抑制了ZnO颗粒的团聚,因此,ZnO-PANI复合膜的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱相对于ZnO-Au微粒膜有一定程度的蓝移.光电流谱研究同时表明,ZnO-聚苯胺复合膜有望在光电化学方面得到应用.     

聚合物光学体材料与膜材料的分子设计,合成与性能

总结了有关含砜、硫、溴、金属离子、有机硅、环状化合物、半导体纳米微粒等的聚合物光学体材料与膜材料的功能化及高性能化的设计合成思想,对这些材体材料与膜材料相关的折射率、色散、透光性等光学性质,表面硬度、冲击强度、耐磨性等机械性质及玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性、膨胀系数等热性能进行了研究,讨论了一些透明膜层及复合物的功能性质。     

反应条件对聚苯乙烯复合硫化铅纳米微粒粒度及分布的影响

用新的方法将ＰｂＳ纳米微粒复合在聚苯乙烯光学塑料中，并利用吸收光谱、小角Ｘ－光散射和透射电镜等方法研究了不同反应条件对复合的硫化铅（ＰｂＳ）纳米微粒粒度及分布的影响．结果表明，在一定范围内Ｈ２Ｓ的量和初始含铅聚合物浓度对纳米微粒的粒度影响很小，但对其粒度分布影响较大；当Ｈ２Ｓ与Ｐｂ２＋的摩尔比及初始含铅聚合物浓度均较大时，纳米微粒的粒度分布变宽．实验结果表明复合于聚苯乙烯中的ＰｂＳ的粒度分布是由溶液中反应决定的，本体聚合反应时对ＰｂＳ微粒的粒度分布影响很小．因此控制适当反应条件，可以得到粒度分布均一、分散均匀且透明性好的ＰｂＳ纳米微粒复合有机光学材料．     

聚苯乙烯胶态晶体的合成

近年来 ,胶态晶体引起物理学家和化学家的共同关注 [1] .占据晶格点的纳米或微米级微粒自组装行为 [2 ] 在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下可被清晰地观察到 ,因此能作为研究晶体相变的模型 [3 ] ,并有助于人们加深对晶体中点缺陷、晶界及位错等现象的了解 .胶态晶体所具有的周期性结构更使其在光学研究领域具有特殊意义 .与半导体中电子的能带结构类似 [4 ] ,胶态晶体中传播的光波色散曲线为不连续的带状结构 ,被称为“光子晶体”(photonic crystal) .在禁带区 (photonic band gap) ,光被禁止传播 ,而光散射加强 ,可将其应用于光电开关及光催…     

基于局域表面等离子体共振效应的光学生物传感器*

贵金属纳米粒子表现出许多常规块体材料所不具备的优异性能,其中局域表面等离子体共振 (LSPR) 特性是研究热点之一。LSPR 的形状和位置与纳米粒子的组成、大小、形状、介电性质以及局域介质环境密切相关。基于这一特性,贵金属纳米粒子已广泛应用于光学生物传感器、光过滤器和表面增强光谱等领域。本文对各种结构的贵金属纳米粒子的制备方法及其在光学生物传感器中的应用进行了综述,并对 LSPR 纳米传感器的未来发展前景做了展望。     

无机半导体纳米晶光学性质的设计、调控及其生物医学应用

半导体纳米晶由于其丰富的能带结构和光学性质,在光电器件和生物医学应用等领域展现出了广阔的应用前景,且在过去的几十年中得到了广泛关注.因此,对其光学性质进行理性设计和精确调控具有重要的研究意义.本文简要综述了本研究组近年来在不同能带隙的无机半导体纳米晶的可控制备技术以及利用DNA纳米技术和蛋白质自组装手段构建具有特异光学性质的纳米结构等方面的相关研究工作,最后对这些纳米晶和纳米结构的独特光学性质及其在生物医学领域的应用研究进行了总结.     

稀土氟化物纳米材料的应用研究进展

氟化物纳米材料由于其独特的光、电、磁等性质,在光学器件、生物标记等领域具有广泛的应用,已成为材料科学领域研究的热点之一,尤其是稀土金属氟化物。合成氟化物纳米材料的方法多种多样,已成功制备出了球形纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米花、复合结构纳米晶、核壳结构纳米材料等。本文主要列举了几种常见的稀土氟化物,重点对其合成以及应用进行了综述,并结合其特点,进行了展望。     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的制备与光学特性

CdS and CdS/ZnS core-shell structure nano particles were synthesized in micro emulsion, and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV absorption spectra and PL. The average diameter of CdS was about 3.3 nm, and CdS/ZnS core-shell structure was confirmed by XRD and UV. Considering the optical properties of CdS/ZnS core-shell structure nanoparticles which have different ZnS shell thickness, the UV absorption edge of CdS/ZnS becomes as lightred-shift with the thickness of ZnS layer increasing, and the absorption of shortwave band is strongly enhanced at the same time. The PL spectra indicate that ZnS shell layer can greatly eliminate surface defects of CdS nanoparticles and make its band-edge directed recombination increased, and the luminous efficiency of CdS is improved greatly when it has appropriate shell thickness.     

Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles prepared by precipitation in the presence of span 20 as surfactant

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles with average size of ≈16 nm have been synthesized using chemical precipitation reaction of CdCl₂ and Na₂S in the presence of nonionic surfactant stabilized reverse emulsions. Sorbian monolaurate (Span 20) is used for the stabilization of emulsions. The influence of Span 20 on controlling the size and properties of CdS nanoparticles were studied. The obtained CdS nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical properties of CdS nanoparticles are investigated systematically by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The blue shift in the absorption region and increase in the bandgap to the larger value (2.77 eV) are attributed to the nanosize of the obtained particles.     

Synthesis of uniform CdS nanowires in high yield and its single nanowire electrical property

Large-scale high quality CdS nanowires with uniform diameter were synthesized by using a rapid and simple solvothermal route. Field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the CdS nanowires have diameter of about 26 nm and length up to several micrometres. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) study indicates the single-crystalline nature of CdS nanowires with an oriented growth along the c-axis direction. The optical properties of the products were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra and Raman spectra. The resistivity, electron concentration and electron mobility of single NW are calculated by fitting the symmetric I-V curves measured on single NW by the metal-semiconductor-metal model based on thermionic field emission theory.     

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of uniform CdS nanowires in high yield

Large-scale CdS nanowires with uniform diameter and high aspect ratios were synthesized using a simple solvothermal route that employed CdCl₂ and S powder as starting materials, ethylenediamine (en) as the solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the products are hexagonal structure CdS nanowires with diameter of 40 nm and length up to 10 μm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) studies indicate the single-crystalline nature of CdS nanowires with an oriented growth along the c-axis direction. The optical properties of the products were characterized by optical absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra. Based on the results of contrastive experiments, it is found that the sulfur source and the solvent play significant roles in the formation of uniform nanowires. A possible formation mechanism of nanowires is discussed.     

CdS/TiO2 composite films for methylene blue photodecomposition under visible light irradiation and non-photocorrosion of cadmium sulfide

Cadmium sulfide/titanium dioxide (CdS/TiO₂) composite films were grown on glass by the chemical bath deposition (DBQ) and sol-gel/dip coating methods, respectively, in order to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ in photodegradation processes. The influence of the CdS deposition time on the morphology, optical absorption, and phononic modes of the composites were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed clearly the CdS deposit on the TiO₂ surface. The absorbance spectra indicated that the absorption of composites depends on the CdS deposition time and the absorption edges are shifted to the visible range. Micro Raman spectra exhibited the phonons associated with the TiO₂ anatase and the longitudinal optic (LO) phonon of CdS whose intensity increases with the CdS deposition time. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation was observed in all films and the results were compared with those obtained with TiO₂ films. The decomposition is higher for the composite with the CdS deposition time of 15 min. This optimal deposition time allows maximal enhancement of the charge carriers transfer to TiO₂ involved in the photocatalysis. No signal associated with cadmium was detected by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), which means that the CdS photocorrosion does not occur since trap centers such as OH-Cd-S and Cl^?, which trap holes and inhibit the photocorrosion, are produced during the growth process.     

Synthesis of nanocrystal-polymer transparent hybrids via polyurethane matrix grafted onto functionalized CdS nanocrystals

We reported the first synthesis of CdS nanocrystal-polymer transparent hybrids by using polyurethane (PU) grafted onto quantum dots (QDs) CdS nanocrystals. In a typical run, the appropriate amounts of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) as the organic ligand are well dispersed in H2O/DMF solution without any aggregation. From a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a computing method of Brus's model according to UV-vis absorption spectra, the particle size of as-prepared hydroxyl-coated CdS nanocrystals is about 5 nm. Then, PU-CdS transparent nanocomposites hybrids were synthesized by a two-step reaction. The effect of the different ratios of ME/Cd2+ and H2O/DMF on the resulting particle size of CdS nanocrystals was investigated by UV-vis absorption measurements. FT-IR and TGA characterizations indicate the formation of robust bonding between CdS nanocrystals and the organic ligand. The fluorescence measurement shows that CdS-PU hybrids exhibit good optical properties.     

修饰剂链长变化对核壳结构CdS纳米晶尺寸和光学性质的影响

采用液液两相法,在甲苯和水的两相体系中制备了由不同烷基链长单硫醇修饰的具有无机-有机核壳结构的CdS半导体纳米晶.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对样品的结构和组成进行了表征.结果表明,样品CdS半导体纳米晶是由无机纳米核及其表面化学吸附的硫醇组成的,而且壳层有机修饰剂对无机纳米核的尺寸和光学性质影响很大.进一步分析发现,层修饰剂的烷基链长和CdS纳米核的尺寸之间存在着类似抛物线的关系.这主要是由于在两相体系中,Cd纳米核的形成和成长两个阶段受到修饰剂在有机相中的迁移率以及其在纳米核表面的组装有序度两种关键因素竞争结果的控制.     

CdTe/CdS量子点的Ⅰ-Ⅱ型结构转变与荧光性质

制备了壳层厚度可以精确控制的CdTe/CdS核壳量子点, 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、光致发光光谱、透射电镜和时间分辨光谱等技术, 分析了CdS壳层厚度对CdTe量子点的荧光量子产率和光谱结构的影响规律. 发现了不同于CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdTe/ZnS等核壳量子点的荧光峰展宽、大幅度红移以及荧光寿命大幅度增加现象. 根据能带的位置关系, 随着CdS厚度的增加, CdTe从Ⅰ型结构逐渐过渡到Ⅱ型核壳结构. 对于Ⅱ型CdTe/CdS核壳量子点, 不仅存在CdTe核区导带电子与价带空穴间的直接复合, 还存在CdS壳层导带电子与CdTe核价带空穴界面处的间接复合, 发光机制的变化导致荧光峰的展宽、明显红移和荧光寿命的增加. 当壳层过厚时, 壳层表面新引入的缺陷会阻碍荧光寿命和量子产率的进一步提高.     

Composites comprising CdS nanoparticles and poly(ethylene oxide): optical properties and influence of the nanofiller content on the thermal behaviour of the host matrix

Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide-capped CdS nanoparticles were synthesized with the cadmium(II) complex of thiocarbohydrazide as a precursor. Nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a toluene solution of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and the obtained CdS nanoparticles. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements showed a blue shift of the onset of optical absorption, compared to bulk CdS, which confirmed the presence of nanostructured CdS. A transmission electron microscopy micrograph of the nanocomposite depicted that the nanoparticles are well dispersed in the PEO matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed hindered crystallization of PEO in the presence of CdS nanoparticles. It was also found that increasing the nanoparticle content led to the shift of the onset of decomposition of the matrix towards higher temperature.     

复合半导体光催化剂p-CoO/n-CdS的制备、表征及光催化性能

以醋酸镉、十二硫醇、硬脂酸和醋酸钴等为原料,采用新方法制备了CdS和一系列p-CoO/n-CdS复合半导体光催化剂.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等对产物进行了表征.结果表明,p-CoO/n-CdS复合半导体中,CoO粒子紧密结合在CdS颗粒上,CdS的颗粒粒径在100 nm左右,为六方纤锌矿晶型,CoO的颗粒粒径在10 nm左右,颗粒粒径分布均匀.p-CoO/n-CdS的UV-Vis DRS分析结果表明,在400-550 nm范围内都有一强吸收带,属于CdS在可见光区的特征吸收.用光催化降解甲基橙测试了光催化性能,结果表明,p-CoO/n-CdS光催化活性是CdS光催化活性的2.2倍左右.光腐蚀测试结果表明,CdS的光腐蚀速率是p-CoO/n-CdS中CdS光腐蚀速率的2倍以上,说明CoO与CdS复合对CdS的光腐蚀具有明显的抑制作用.