对一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的数值仿真

利用数值仿真方法对一种基于线性相位反演波前测量方法的性能进行了详细分析。讨论了这种线性相位反演波前测量方法的定标过程,描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。利用数值仿真计算,分析了系统自身像差和模式标定系数对这种波前传感器性能的影响,通过复原矩阵条件数,分析了靶面像素和这种波前测量方法的空间分辨力的关系。仿真结果验证了该种新型线性相位反演波前测量方法的可行性。     

一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的实验研究

 描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。在实验室内搭建了相应的演示验证实验装置,对该种新型波前测量方法的特性进行了实验研究。实验计算结果表明：这种根据入射全孔径远场光斑强度分布直接反演出入射波前相位的线性相位反演新方法原理是可行的。只需实时测量一幅焦平面图像,根据焦平面上光强分布的微小变化量与入射孔径面上的相位分布的微小变化量之间存在的近似线性关系,就可以用模式复原的原理复原出入射波前相位。传感器对于离焦,像散等像差模式都可以进行较为准确的测量,误差率都小于1。对称系统像差中存在少量的非对称像差对复原结果的准确性影响不大。     

一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的实验研究

描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。在实验室内搭建了相应的演示验证实验装置,对该种新型波前测量方法的特性进行了实验研究。实验计算结果表明：这种根据入射全孔径远场光斑强度分布直接反演出入射波前相位的线性相位反演新方法原理是可行的。只需实时测量一幅焦平面图像,根据焦平面上光强分布的微小变化量与入射孔径面上的相位分布的微小变化量之间存在的近似线性关系,就可以用模式复原的原理复原出入射波前相位。传感器对于离焦,像散等像差模式都可以进行较为准确的测量,误差率都小于1。对称系统像差中存在少量的非对称像差对复原结果的准确性影响不大。     

一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的原理和性能初步分析

对一种基于线性相位反演的新型波前测量方法的基本原理和性能进行了研究。事先对成像光学系统的自身像差进行定标并记录下定标图像。传感器工作时只需测量出有像差时的一幅远场图像与定标图像的差,就可以用线性矩阵相乘方法得到待测像差对应的泽尼克多项式系数。讨论了这种线性相位反演波前测量方法中确定泽尼克模式复原矩阵的方法。以大气湍流畸变波前像差的测量为例,对这种线性相位反演波前测量方法进行了数值仿真研究。结果表明,这种线性相位反演算法具有空间分辨力高、对小像差测量精度高的特点,但测量动态范围有限。这种线性相位反演波前传感器将适用于自适应光学闭环系统。     

线性相位反演传感器与哈特曼传感器的实验研究对比

为了进一步分析线性相位反演波前传感器的性能,搭建了基于线性相位反演测量方法的波前传感器的实验装置.针对各种波前随机像差,同时用线性相位波前传感器和哈特曼波前传感器进行测量和复原,将复原结果进行对比.分析了不同的探测分辨力和不同泽尼克复原阶数对线性相位反演传感器复原结果的影响.分析了靶面分辨力,合理的靶面大小对复原精度是有利的,肯定了线性相位反演波前传感器可以用较少的探测单元实现相似精度的测量,采样靶面像素为8 pixel×8 pixel时,误差系数仍很小.利用对随机像差片进行不同阶数的复原,线性相位反演波前传感器的复原残差的误差率基本都在0.25以下,能对前35阶像差进行比较精确的复原.     

相位共轭谐振腔改善激光器波前像差特性研究

在高功率激光器中采用相位共轭谐振腔技术可以补偿动态波前像差,在校正畸变的输出光束方面有极其重要的应用。分析了相位共轭腔的模式结构特性及稳定性,在实际高功率激光器中采用相位共轭谐振腔,使得激光系统的光束质量得到了极大改善。通过实验数据分析,提出在激光器系统中描述光束质量只用PV值和RMS值来量度是不足的,并利用结合光束环围能量分布图像和平均离焦系数来评价系统光束质量。实验结果表明,采用相位共轭谐振腔使得焦平面环围能量更为集中,同时平均离焦系数更接近零,结合上述方法评价系统光束质量更具实际意义。     

一种优化波前编码系统相位板参数的新方法

根据波前编码系统的设计理论,在兼顾图像恢复能力的基础上,提出利用不同离焦距离的点扩散函数与焦面处的点扩散函数之间的希尔伯特空间角作为成像特性一致性的评价函数,结合遗传算法,对扩大景深的波前编码成像系统的相位板参数进行优化。分别在空间域和频率域上分析应用波前编码技术前后光学系统的成像特性,并利用最小二乘数字滤波器对中间模糊图像进行复原。仿真实验结果表明:在三次相位板上应用此方法获得的最佳相位板参数使波前编码系统焦深扩展了10倍。     

基于波前传感法的立方相位板面形测量

针对立方相位板的曲面特征,基于波前传感方法设计了面形测量系统。提出了波前数据到曲面面形的映射模型,借助图像处理方法有效地提高了测量的动态范围,实现了较大曲率的立方相位板面形精度的超精密测量。仿真分析表明,该模型的转换精度同传统算法相比提高了2~3倍,测量的动态范围提高了4倍,且仍有提高空间。最后搭建的实验系统实现了实际立方相位板面形的测量,通过与Wyko白光干涉仪的测量数据对比,验证了测量的准确性。     

基于相位测量偏折术的透镜波像差检测方法

根据逆哈特曼检测原理建立了逆光线追迹模型,对透射相位测量偏折术系统进行了分析,并提出了可适用于透镜或成像镜头波像差测量的计算方法。在波像差定义的基础上,通过计算正逆模型光程差的对比在原理上验证了此方法的可行性,通过模拟计算验证了本方法的有效性。结合实际光线标定、系统模型追迹和N步相移算法得到了实际透镜的波像差。在实验中测量一个平凸透镜的波像差,并与干涉仪的测量结果进行对比,两者测得的波像差的RMS差仅为0.03μm,验证了此方法能够精确地测量透镜的波像差。结果表明,本方法具有装置简单、成本低、计算原理简单等优点。在无需干涉仪的前提下,为测量透镜的波像差提供了一种新的离线或在线/在位检测手段。     

相位光栅型曲率传感器的波前校正算法

针对相位光栅曲率传感器能够测量波前曲率在光瞳面上分布的特点,提出了一种采用整个空间分布的曲率信号来实现波前校正的算法。用曲率型变形镜影响函数的曲率信号在光瞳面上的分布来拟合待校正波前的曲率信号,采用最小二乘方法得到变形镜的控制电压,实现波前校正过程。数值模拟了一种41单元曲率型自适应光学系统采用该算法的波前校正过程。结果表明,对4至28阶Zernike像差体现了校正效果,对曲率为0的Zernike像差校正效果略好于曲率不为0的Zernike像差。与传统分区法的校正效果相比,整体法对Zernike像差的校正效果基本相当。整体法无需对光瞳面上的曲率信号进行与电极分布相同的分区,降低了对系统校准的要求。     

Determination of wavefront aberrations using a Fabry-Perot cavity

A new method for detecting wavefront aberrations using a Fabry-Perot cavity is described. A Fabry-Perot cavity transmits the cavity eigenmode which satisfies a resonance condition, while the other modes are reflected from the cavity. Utilizing this mode discrimination property, we can extract aberration components from incident aberrated light as reflected light from the cavity. Under the condition of a weak aberration, the amplitude profile of the reflected light can be approximated to the wavefront aberration. We can therefore determine the wavefront aberrations in a visualized form with the technique. We present the detection scheme and the first experimental verification of the technique. The detected aberration using this technique was in good agreement with the result on the basis of a conventional wavefront sensor.     

Enhanced wavefront reconstruction by random phase modulation with a phase diffuser

A phase retrieval technique for enhanced wavefront reconstruction using random phase modulation and a phase diffuser is proposed. The speckle field generated is sampled at multiple axially displaced planes and the speckle patterns are used in an iterative algorithm based on the optical wave propagation in free space. The presentation of this technique is carried out using two setups. In the first setup, a diffuser plate is placed at the image plane of a metallic test object. The benefit of randomizing the phase of the object wave is the enhanced intensity recording due to high dynamic range of the diffusely scattered beam. The use of demagnification optics will also allow the investigations of relatively large objects. In the second setup, a transparent object is illuminated using a wavefront with random phase and constant amplitude by positioning the phase diffuser close to the object. The benefit of phase-only modulation is the increased resolution of the phase structures of the transparent test objects.     

相位恢复算法用于光学面形检测的实验研究

 针对相位恢复测量中遇到的初始相位估计、传播因子和收敛判断等问题,以柱面透镜的光学面形为恢复对象,应用迭代相位恢复算法完成了对柱面透镜的光波波前的相位恢复实验,并对实验结果进行了分析。实验结果表明：根据被测对象的光波形态选择最接近的初始相位能够加快收敛速度,避免局部收敛,是保证结果准确与可靠的重要条件。通过对两个记录面上的光强之和做求比值运算计算传播因子 ,并应用到传播公式中,能够消除激光光束本身稳定性与探测器响应均匀性等因素对计算结果的影响。     

Numerical simulation of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to characterize the turbulence phase statistics

Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) is one of the important parts in an adaptive optics system and its detection accuracy has considerable influences on the performances of the whole system. In this paper, a simulator of such type of wavefront sensor is built and tested by measuring the slope structure function of Kolmogorov turbulence simulated by random phase screens. The numerical results show that it works well to characterize the turbulence phase statistics. In combination with the noise simulation, this simulator will be a very useful tool to further investigate and optimize the system parameters to improve the detection accuracy and the performance of the whole system.     

直线感应加速器束流崩溃不稳定性数值模拟

 在理论分析的基础上，开发了直线感应加速器束流崩溃不稳定性数值模拟程序。描述了利用该程序开展的研究工作，这些研究揭示了束流崩溃不稳定性的一般规律，分析了相关参数对束流崩溃不稳定性的影响，最后提出了直线感应加速器束流崩溃不稳定性抑制方法。     

Performance analysis of quantitative phase retrieval method in Zernike phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Since the invention of Zernike phase contrast method in 1930,it has been widely used in optical microscopy and more recently in X-ray microscopy.Considering the image contrast is a mixture of absorption and phase information,we recently have proposed and demonstrated a method for quantitative phase retrieval in Zernike phase contrast X-ray microscopy.In this contribution,we analyze the performance of this method at different photon energies.Intensity images of PMMA samples are simulated at 2.5 keV and 6.2 keV,respectively,and phase retrieval is performed using the proposed method.The results demonstrate that the proposed phase retrieval method is applicable over a wide energy range.For weakly absorbing features,the optimal photon energy is 2.5 keV,from the point of view of image contrast and accuracy of phase retrieval.On the other hand,in the case of strong absorption objects,a higher photon energy is preferred to reduce the error of phase retrieval.These results can be used as guidelines to perform quantitative phase retrieval in Zernike phase contrast X-ray microscopy with the proposed method.     

Effect of transition zone on wavefront aberration with treatment decentration after conventional refractive surgery

Based on the ablation profile of conventional refractive surgery, the influence of transition zone on induced wavefront aberrations with decentration, as well as laser oblique incidence, was studied. The results indicated that transition zone played a significantly important role in the influence of decentration on the postoperative aberrations. The induced coma increased rapidly with the increase of lateral translation of the centre of ablation. Furthermore, the induced spherical aberration increased theoretically as the translation increase and the sign of spherical aberration was usually positive for myopic correction. And yet it changed from positive to negative for hyperopic correction. In addition, the induced spherical aberration was related with the corrected refraction. As an important goal for refractive surgery, the optimal postoperative visual performance may be smoothly achieved by minimizing treatment decentration and optimizing transition zone in refractive surgery.