蒙脱石修饰碳糊电极测定氨基酸的研究：Ⅰ.色氨酸的测定

本文用含10％蒙脱石的修饰碳糊电极研究了测定色氨酸的方法。发现在0.001mol/L KCl-HCl(pH=2.0)溶液中富集、介质交换后用微分脉冲伏安法测定,于+0.75V出峰,在20.～10.0μg/ml范围内有线性。相对标准偏差为2.60％。检测限为70ng/ml,该电极具有很强的抗干扰能力。用此方法直接测定氨基酸药物样品中的色氨酸,结果良好。     

酞菁钴修饰碳糊电极对微量苯酚的测定

研究了苯酚在酞菁钴修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为,提出了催化反应的机理,并以此为依据,用伏安法以酞菁钴修饰碳糊电极为工作电极测定了微量苯酚.在pH 8.7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,苯酚在0.61 V(对SCE)出现一氧化峰,该峰电流与苯酚的浓度在5.0×10-7～1.0×10-4 mol/L之间呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7 mol/L.此法可用于工业废水中苯酚的测定.     

甲巯咪唑基于血红素修饰碳糊电极的电化学测定

制备了一种血红素修饰碳糊电极,用循环伏安法研究了甲巯咪唑在该修饰碳糊电极上的电化学响应特征,并对各实验参数进行了优化.相对于裸碳糊电极,甲巯咪唑在血红素修饰碳糊电极上的氧化峰电位明显负移,氧化峰电流大大提高,说明血红素对甲巯咪唑的氧化具有一定的促进作用.微分脉冲伏安实验结果表明,甲巯咪唑的氧化峰电流与其浓度在4×10-7 ～2×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为2×10-7 mol/L.该修饰碳糊电极显示了较好的抗干扰能力,尿酸几乎不干扰测定.用于实际尿样中甲巯咪唑的加标回收测定,结果满意.     

纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚

在0.01mol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH 9.18)中,用纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极作为工作电极,线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚。伏安图上出现一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为+0.56V(vs.SCE),峰电流与苯酚的浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为5.0×10-8 mol.L-1。富集时间为30s,同时采用线性扫描伏安法研究苯酚在纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极上的氧化还原反应,结果表明此电极反应为一不可逆的吸附过程。     

掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

采用循环伏安法制备了掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极,用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了对乙酰氨基酚在掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为,建立了掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极测定对乙酰氨基酚的电化学方法。在pH 4.6的0.1mol·L-1乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,对乙酰氨基酚在+0.61V呈现一个灵敏的氧化峰。对乙酰氨基酚的浓度在6.0×10-7~1.5×10-4 mol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为2.8×10-7 mol·L-1。方法用于药品中对乙酰氨基酚的测定,测定结果与药典法测定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.1%~2.5%之间。     

米吐尔在离子液体修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其测定

用离子液体1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸([HMIM][PF6])作修饰剂制备了离子液体修饰碳糊电极(IL/CPE).在0.5 mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH=4.8)缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了米吐尔在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定米吐尔的新方法.研究表明,米吐尔在IL/CPE上的氧化、还原峰电位差比其在裸碳糊电极(CPE)上的小,而峰电流却显著增加,说明IL/CPE对米吐尔有电催化作用;共存物对苯二酚干扰米吐尔的测定,通过方波伏安法可以消除其干扰.在方波伏安曲线上,米吐尔的还原峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7 ～2.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为3.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于照相废液中米吐尔的测定.     

纳米金修饰碳糊电极上甲氨蝶呤的电化学测定及其与鲱鱼精DNA相互作用的研究

制备了纳米金修饰碳糊电极,使用循环伏安法(CV)研究了甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在该修饰电极上的电化学特性,并建立了纳米金修饰碳糊电极电化学测定MTX的新方法.利用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了MTX与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用.实验发现,在pH 3.6 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,MTX在0.86 V处有一灵敏的氧化峰,氧化峰电流Ipa与MTX的浓度在0.5 ～10.0 μmol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.2μmol·L-1.对3.0 μmol·L-1的MTX进行11次平行测定,其RSD为4.7％.该修饰电极可用于MTX样品的测定,结果满意.当不同浓度鲱鱼精DNA加入MTX溶液后,氧化峰电位正移,氧化峰电流降低,表明MTX与鲱鱼精DNA之间发生了相互作用,形成了非电活性化合物.电化学研究表明,MTX与鲱鱼精DNA之间的结合比为2∶1,结合常数为4.6×105 L·mol-1.     

岩白菜素在多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其测定

采用循环伏安法研究了岩白菜素在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰碳糊电极(CPE)上的伏安行为,建立了测定岩白菜素含量的电化学分析新方法.MWCNTs修饰碳糊电极对岩白菜素有明显的电催化作用,在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,氧化峰电流与岩白菜素浓度在6.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.0 X10-8～mol·L-1(S/N=3,n=10).MWCNTs修饰电极可有效消除制剂中其它组分对岩白菜素测定的干扰,用于实际样品中岩白菜素含量的直接测定,回收率在99.8%～100.2%之间.     

Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极在抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺

用Nafion和亲水性离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([OMIM]Br)作修饰剂制作了Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.40)中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺的新方法.研究表明,该修饰电极降低了多巴胺氧化、还原反应的过电位,增大了其氧化、还原反应的峰电流,而抗坏血酸和尿酸在该修饰电极上无响应;在方波伏安曲线上,多巴胺的氧化电流与其浓度在3.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于注射液和模拟生物样品中多巴胺的测定.     

双酚A在纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及应用

采用固相合成法制备了纳米二氧化铈并对其进行了表征.研究了环境激素双酚A在CeO<,2>修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为.在0.01 mol/L(pH 9.18)的硼砂溶液中,BPA于0.40 V处产生一不可逆的氧化峰,与裸碳糊电极相比,BPA在修饰电极上的电流响应明显增大,据此建立了测定塑料样品中BPA的线性扫描伏安法.线性...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.