医用壳聚糖膜的制备和性能研究

研究了壳聚糖膜的制备方法和性能。探讨了壳聚糖浓度、甘油和戊二醛用量对壳聚糖膜性能的影响,并考察了膜的体外降解过程。结果表明w=．02的壳聚糖溶液成膜效果较好;甘油和戊二醛能王著改善壳聚糖膜的力学性能和尺寸稳定性能;溶茼酶-林格氏液中浸泡40d后膜的降解率为41．98％。满足引导组织再生材料的基本要求。该膜作为一种潜在的生物医用材料,将具有较广阔的应用前景。     

Ni(Co)-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备和加氢脱氧性能研究

采用化学还原法制备出非晶态催化剂Ni-W-B和Co-W-B,用BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征分析,以对甲基苯酚为模型化合物研究了两种催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,所制备的两种催化剂均为非晶态结构,两种催化剂在对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应中都显示出较好的脱氧活性。在相对低温523 K下,Ni-W-B催化剂显示较高的加氢活性,转化率达到100.0%,对甲基环己醇的选择性为55.1%,脱氧选择性只有44.1%,而Co-W-B催化剂显示出较高的脱氧活性,脱氧选择性达到93.1%,这主要是由于催化剂的表面不同价态元素组成含量引起的。在573 K和4.0 MPa下,催化对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧选择性都能达到100%。     

超声波辅助制备非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂及其加氢脱氧性能研究

用普通方法和超声波法制备了非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂,用BET、SEM、XRD、XPS和FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征。以苯酚为探针考察了催化剂的制备因素和反应温度对催化剂加氢脱氧性能的影响,探讨了苯酚在非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂表面上的吸附加氢脱氧反应机理。结果表明,超声波条件下制备的催化剂粒径小,颗粒团聚减弱,比表面积大,MoO₂与B的含量高,催化剂活性高。在498K时,苯酚的转化率达81.08%,脱氧选择性达93.39%。     

聚丙烯腈原液膜的制备和性能

以溶液聚合的聚丙烯腈原液为铸模液，研究了溶液铸腊法工艺参数：铸膜液温度、凝胶水温度、铸膜液浓度等对膜性能的影响。结果表明，不存在蒸发时间的影响以及不调整原液的组分和浓度是聚俩烯腈原液于其它膜制作技术的显著特点。调节有关制膜工艺参数即可获得特定用途的超滤分离膜。在具有三层结构、平均孔径为５ｎｍ的聚丙烯腈原液干膜上复合了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）的ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜，分离醇水溶液的渗透汽化（ＰＶ）性能优良。     

非晶态硼钼氧化物的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

以(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)为原料, 以NaBH4作为还原剂分别在冰浴与超声波条件下制备出非晶态催化剂. 用FTIR、 SEM、 XRD、 DSC与XPS进行表征, 以苯酚模型化合物研究其加氢脱氧性能. 表征结果表明: 制备的催化剂都为非晶结构;硼钼氧化物表面没有明显的晶体特征结构;Mo只有部分被还原, 冰浴下的Mo以+4与+6价存在, 超声波下的Mo为+5与+6价, 冰浴法有利于Mo~(4+)的生成;冰浴下所制备的催化剂具有更高的热稳定性以及表现出优良的加氢脱氧活性, 在225 ℃下苯酚的转化率79.3%, 远高于同温度下超声波法所制备的催化剂对苯酚的转化率(46.8%).     

Ni-Co-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

采用化学还原法制备了不同Ni/Co原子比的Ni-Co-W-B非晶态催化剂,以苯酚为探针,研究了其加氢脱氧性能.结果表明,新鲜的Ni-Co-W-B催化剂具有非晶态结构,其中Ni0和B0之间存在电子转移,且随着Co含量的增加,催化剂的热稳定性逐渐提高,表面Ni0含量减少.该催化剂上苯酚加氢脱氧反应按照先加氢再脱氧的方式进行...     

La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂的制备及其苯酚加氢脱氧催化性能

以NaBH4为还原剂采用化学还原法制备出La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究了助剂La对Ni-Mo-B催化剂催化性能的影响.结果显示,加入适量助剂La能显著减小催化剂粒径,增加Ni0含量,促进Mo6+还原生成Mo4+,但过量La会覆盖Ni0和Mo4+的活性位点.催化剂的高加氢活性主要归因于其非晶态结构和高Ni0含量,高脱氧活性主要归因于其高Mo4+含量.在苯酚的加氢脱氧(HDO)反应中,La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂催化苯酚HDO反应主要按照加氢-氢解的路径进行的,显著降低了产物中芳烃含量.通过优化反应条件,催化苯酚的转化率和脱氧率都可达到99.0%.高温下La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂失活的主要原因是非晶态结构的破坏.     

择优生长CdS纳米微粒膜的制备和性能研究

利用恒电流阴极还原法或电流脉冲法在聚苯胺膜、PATP膜、Au膜和ITO基体上制备了CdS纳米微粒膜 ,并对其结构和紫外_可见吸收等性质进行初步表征 .结果表明基体对CdS微粒膜的结构和性能具有较大的影响     

硅树脂/硅橡胶杂化膜的制备及性能研究

以十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、四甲基二乙烯硅氧烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过水解缩合制备了乙烯基含氟硅树脂。乙烯基硅橡胶和乙烯基含氟硅树脂为基质材料,含氢硅油为交联剂,硅氢加成制备了改性硅橡胶杂化膜材料。透气性能测试表明,当含氟硅树脂质量分数50.0%时,膜的成膜性和富氧性能之间达到最佳平衡点,30℃和0.01 MPa压差下,P（O2）为628 Barre,a（O2/N2）为3.36。与普通乙烯基硅橡胶交联膜比,这种有机―无机杂化膜在保持原有氧气透过系数的基础上,较好的改进了氧氮分离性能。     

Ru/Co-Al-O负载型催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能研究

先采用共沉淀法制备出Co-Al类水滑石,其经煅烧后形成的复合氧化物用作载体制备出一系列Ru/Co-Al-O负载型催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、FT-IR等方法对其结构性能进行表征分析,最后以木质素生物质油的典型含氧化合物对甲基苯酚为模型,测试所制催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。主要研究了载体中Co/Al物质的量比、催化剂还原温度等因素对催化剂加氢脱氧活性的影响,并优化了HDO反应温度。结果表明,当Co/Al物质的量比为3∶1,催化剂还原温度为350℃,反应温度为275℃时,催化剂的加氢脱氧活性最高,催化对甲基苯酚加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧率都达到了100%。     

The setereoselective preparation of baker's yeast in the presence of rice wine koji

By the addition of rice wine koji, enhancement of the reactivity was observed for the baker's yeast reduction of P-keto esters into (S)-β-hydroxy esters with high enantiomeric purity(73-98%).     

LDHs薄膜基纳米荧光传感器的制备及其研究进展

层状复合氢氧化物(LDHs)是一种层板金属元素和层间离子可调的无机层状材料,利用其独特的插层组装特性,基于静电、氢键、范德华力等相互作用力,功能性荧光客体分子可与LDHs纳米片复合构筑多功能荧光薄膜材料.LDHs薄膜基荧光材料用于荧光传感器,在有机挥发性气体(VOCs)、温度、压力、重要生物分子等的检测中显示了良好性能.本文总结了LDHs复合薄膜的制备方法以及近年来其在纳米荧光传感领域的进展,并对其未来发展做出了展望.     

聚苯胺/顺丁橡胶复合导电膜的制备与性能(Ⅱ)

采用再掺杂方法制得了樟脑磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺(PAn-CSA),用溶液共混法制备PAn／BR导电复合膜．研究了聚苯胺与顺丁橡胶(BR)复合膜在间甲酚二次掺杂前后电导率的变化。实验表明:CSA对聚苯胺有较好的掺杂作用;二次掺杂使PAn复合膜电导率明显提高,其导电渗滤阈值略有降低,使卷曲的二次掺杂PAn链展开并通过分子链间的相互作用而自行组成导电通路．     

花球状BiOCl薄膜的低温制备及其光催化性能

以BiCl3为原料,采用醇解．涂覆法在相对较低的温度下制备了具有花球状微观形貌的BiOCl薄膜．采用X射线衍射谱（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电子能量散射谱（EDS）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）对所制薄膜进行了晶相、形貌、元素组成和光学性质表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了薄膜的光催化性能．分析结果表明：BiOCl薄膜具有四方晶相结构,薄膜呈花球状微观形貌,对紫外光有良好的吸收．降解实验结果表明：未经过高温焙烧的BiOCl薄膜具有较佳光催化活性,经紫外光照射150min后对甲基橙的降解率达97％,且具有较高的光催化稳定性,重复使用4次后对甲基橙的降解率仍保持94％以上．此外,文中还对BiOCl薄膜的形成机理做了推测．     

Baker''''s yeast mediated reduction of substituted acenaphthenequinones: Regio-and enantioselective preparation of mono-hydroxyacenaphthenones

Baker's yeast mediated reduction of acenaphthenequinone within 4-10 h afforded mono-hydroxyacenaphthenone mainly with low enantioselectivity, the substrate and mono-hydroxyacenaphthenone product almost converted to dihydroxyacenaphthene after 48 h. By control of the reaction time and in the presence of DMF as co-solvent, the reduction of 6-substituted acenaphthenequinones under vigorous agitation afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxyacenaphthenones in 24-84% yields with 10-93% ee.     

钙钛矿型Gd~2CuO~4复合氧化物薄膜的制备

采用非晶态多核配合物作为前驱体的方法在单晶硅表面成功地制备了钙钛矿型的复合金属氧化物Gd~2CuO~4薄膜,XPS研究表明所制备出的薄膜由Gd~2CuO~4复合金属氧化物组成。XRD研究表明经600℃热处理形成的复合氧化物薄膜以钙钛矿型晶相结构存在,也进一步证实了所制备出的薄膜是Gd~2CuO~4复合金属氧化物,其晶粒大小在20nm左右。俄歇电子能谱的深度剖析表明形成的薄膜组成均匀,在界面上有一定程度的扩散作用。运用AES揭示了Gd~2CuO~4薄膜的厚度与前驱体溶液中前驱体的质量分数以及添加剂的影响规律。SEM研究表明前驱体配合物的质量分数越低,形成的薄膜越薄,其表面织构越均匀。当前驱体的质量分数超过一定值后,形成的薄膜具有很多策微裂纹。添加剂聚乙二醇对形成的薄膜厚度没有明显的影响,但可以明显改善薄膜的织构,使复合氧化物在衬底上分散得更均匀,抑制微裂纹的产生。     

Controllable preparation of nanosized TiO_2 thin film and relationship between structure of film and its photocatalytic activity

~~Controllable preparation of nanosized TiO_2 thin film and relationship between structure of film and its photocatalytic activity@魏刚$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China @张元晶$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China @熊蓉春$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China~…     

STS study of TiO2 film and Pt-deposited TiO2 film in air

Direct investigation of the electronic structure of catalyst surfaces on the near-atomic scale in general has not been impossible in the past. However, with the advent of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), the opportunity arises for incorporating the scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) for correlation in-situ surface electronic structure with topography on a sub-nanometer scale. In this paper, we report the STS results of thin film TiO2 and Pt-deposited TiO2 annealed at 450℃. It was found that the TiO2 semiconductor changes from n-type to p-type after Pt deposition.Fig. 1 shows the surface electronic property (Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve) of thin TiO2 film measured in air by STS. A steep descent of the anodic tunneling current at ca.- 1.0 Ⅴ and a rapid ascent of cathodic tunneling current at ca. +2.0V. The zero bias represents the Fermi level (Ef). Ef is situated at the Ecb side indicating that the thin TiO2 film possesses the same band gap as that of bulk TiO2 phase ( Egs =3.0 to 3.2 eV). For the sample of Pt-deposited TiO2 film, Pt/(Pt+Ti+O) atomic ratio≈0.2, which indicates that the surface of TiO2 film is partly covered by Pt particles, and there are two types of Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves to be detected. One of them (Fig.2a)is attributed to the electronic property of TiO2, which has same Egs as that shown in Fig. 1. However, the Ef is transferred to valence side (△≈1eV). This phenomenon hints that TiO2 is doped by an impurity which can introduce h+ into TiO2 lattice.Such a type of defects may be described by Ti1-xPtxO2(h )2x, here Pt+2 as a substitutional site of Ti+4. Fig.2b is the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve of a Pt particle situated on a TiO2 particle contained Ti1-xPtxO2(h )2x.     

The effect of preparation parameters on performance of polyvinyl alcohol thin‐film composite membrane: Experimental study,modeling, and optimization

To systematically investigate the influence of preparation conditions on pure water permeability (PWP) and solute removal performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane, fractional factorial design was applied. The considered conditions were related to 3 steps of the TFC preparation, including support membrane preparation, PVA coating, and cross‐linking. The results showed that among the selected factors, polysulfone concentration (polymer of the support membrane), heat curing time (related to cross‐linking condition), and their interaction have the most significant effects on the both permeability and salt rejection. The effects of significant factors interaction on permeability and solute rejection of PVA TFC membrane were discussed. Finally, optimum preparation conditions were calculated by numerical optimization to achieve maximum permeability and solute removal, simultaneously. The prepared membrane at optimum conditions showed PWP of 1.74 L/m²hbar and 96.19% Na₂SO₄ rejection. It was realized that the prediction of mathematical models at optimum conditions was reliable with absolute average relative error 7.43% and 1.18% for PWP and rejection, respectively.     

铜卟啉-L-半胱氨酸自组装复合膜修饰电极的制备及电化学性能研究

利用电化学扫描法在L 半胱氨酸(Cys)自组装单分子膜修饰金电极表面现场制备了金属卟啉复合膜,对其进行SEM和ATR FTIR表征。修饰电极的支持电解质以及pH值对膜的稳定性和灵敏度有很大影响。铜卟啉 L Cys膜对H2O2具有良好的电催化还原特性,催化电流与H2O2浓度在1 0×10 6到3 0×10 5mol·L 1范围内线性关系,相关系数0 9995,检测限达1 0×10 7mol·L 1。