Measurements and analysis of excess molar volumes for the ternary mixture MTBE + 1-pentanol + decane

Summary Densities at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter, for the ternary mixture methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+decane and for the involved binary mixtures MTBE+1-pentanol and 1-pentanol+decane. The excess molar volumes for the binary mixture MTBE+decane was reported in an earlier work [1]. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the excess molar volumes. The empirical expressions of Kohler [18], Jacob and Fitzner [19], Colinet [20], Knobeloch and Schwartz [21], Tsao and Smith [22], Toop [23], Scatchard et al. [24], Hillert [25], Mathieson and Thynne [26] were applied to estimate ternary properties from binary results.     

Study on volumetric measurement and correlations for MTBE+1-propanol+decane at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Summary Experimental densities for the ternary mixture x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1-x₁-x₂)decane and the binary mixtures xMTBE +(1-x)1-propanol and x1-propanol+(1-x)decane have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. Excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Attending to the symmetry of the studied mixtures, suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the experimental data. For the ternary mixture, experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Determination of experimental excess molar properties for MTBE+1-propanol+octane

Summary Experimental excess molar enthalpies and densities have been measured for the ternary mixture x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1-x₁-x₂)octane and the involved binary mixtures at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. A standard Calvet microcalorimeter was employed to determine the excess molar enthalpies. Densities were measured using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. The UNIFAC group contribution model (in the versions of Larsen et al., and Gmehling et al.) has been used to estimate excess enthalpies values. Experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Experimental excess molar volumes of the ternary mixture and comparisonwith several empirical methods

Experimental excess molar volumes for the ternary system {x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1–x₁–x₂)nonane} and the three involved binary mixtures have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. The ternary mixture shows maximum values around the binary mixture MTBE+nonane and minimum values for the mixture MTBE+propanol. The ternary contribution to the excess molar volume is negative, with the exception of a range located around the rich compositions of 1-propanol. Several empirical equations predicting ternary mixture properties from experimental binary mixtures have been applied.     

Mathematical description of the softening temperature of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid-state chlorinated polyethylene

Summary Excess molar volumes of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+octane and the binary mixtures MTBE+1-pentanol and 1-pentanol+octane, were measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. All the experimental values were compared with the results obtained by empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from binary results.     

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary system MTBE+ethanol+octane

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary mixture {x ₁ tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+x ₂ ethanol+(1–x ₁–x ₂) octane} and the involved binary mixture {x ethanol+(1–x) octane} have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range, using a Calvet microcalorimeter. The results were fitted by means of different variable degree polynomials.     

Experimental and predicted excess molar volumes of the ternary system.

Summary Experimental excess molar volumes for the ternary system x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1-x₁-x₂) heptane and the three involved binary mixtures have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. The ternary mixture shows maximum values around the binary mixture MTBE+heptane and minimum values for the mixture MTBE+propanol. The ternary contribution to the excess molar volume is negative, with the exception of a range located around the rich compositions of 1-propanol. Several empirical equations predicting ternary mixture properties from experimental binary mixtures have been applied.     

Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Alkoxypropan-2-ols with 1-Butanol, and 2-Butanol at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Excess molar volumes Vm^E and kinematic viscosities v have been measured as a function of composition for binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether （1-methoxy-2-propanol）, MeOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monoethyl ether （1-ethoxy-2-propanol）, EtOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monopropyl ether （1-propoxy-2-propanol）, PrOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monobutyl ether （1-butoxy-2-propanol）, BuOCH2CH（OH）Me, and propylene glycol tert-butyl ether （1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol）, t-BuOCH2CH（OH）Me with 1-butanol, and 2-butanol, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes are negative across the entire range of composition for all the systems with 1-butanol, and positive for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and ＋1-propoxy-2-propanol, negative for the systems 2-butanol＋1-butoxy-2-propanol, and change sign for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, and ＋ 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol. From the experimental data, the deviation in dynamic viscosity η from ∑χiηi has been calculated. Both excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations have been correlated using a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation by the method of least-squares for the estimation of the binary coefficients and the standard errors.     

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary system mtbe+ethanol+hexane

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary mixture {x₁ tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+x₂ ethanol+(1–x₁–x₂) hexane} and, the involved binary mixtures {x tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+(1–x) ethanol}, {x tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+(1–x) hexane} and {x ethanol+( 1–x) hexane} have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range, using a Calvet microcalorimeter. The results were fitted by means of different variable degree polynomials.     

Volumetric Properties of the Ternary System 1,4-Dioxane + Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate and Its Binary Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system 1,4-dioxane + butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate and its binary butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate have been measured in the whole composition range, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes of the binary system are positive and were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found equally good to fit the data. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Excess Molar Enthalpies and Excess Molar Volumes of (Water+Octan-1-ol or +Octan-2-ol) at 298.15 K

The excess molar enthalpies and volumes have been determined for the binary system (water+octan-1-ol or +octan-2-ol) by means of direct calorimetric and densimetric measurements in the miscibility range. The experimental data were described through a Redlich-Kister type equation. For excess enthalpies a sigmoidal shape is predicted,while excess volumes are negative except for a little positive queue observed for(water+octan-1-ol) system at very low water content. Also the partial molar enthalpies of solution and the partial molar volumes of water in the two isomeric octanols at infinite dilution have been evaluated and discussed. A comparison is made between excess enthalpies and excess free energies calculated by the UNIFAC method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Densities and Viscosities of the Binary Mixtures Decanol + Some n-Alkanes at 298.15 K

Abstract

Densities and viscosities of four binary liquid systems decanol +n-heptane, +n-octane, +n-nonane, +n-decane, have been determined at 298.15 K and atomospheric pressure, over the complete composition ranges. The excess values of molar volume, viscosity and Gibbs free energy for the activation of flow were evaluated. The Grunberg-Nissan parameter was also calculated. The viscosity data were fitted to the equations of McAllister and Auslander.     

Densities and Viscosities of the Ternary Mixture (Benzene + 1-Propanol + Ethyl Acetate) at 298.15 K

Abstract

Densities and viscosities of the ternary mixture (benzene + 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) and the corresponding binary mixtures (benzene + 1-propanol, benzene + ethyl acetate and 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) have been measured at the temperature 298.15 K. From these measurements excess volumes, V^E , excess viscosities, η^E, and excess Gibbs energies of activation for viscous flow, G*^E , have been determined. The equation of Redlich-Kister has been used for fitting the excess properties of binary mixtures. The excess properties of the ternary system were fitted to Cibulka's equation.     

Volumetric Behaviour of Acrylic Esters (Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Butyl Acrylate) + 1-Alcohol (Heptanol,Octanol, Decanol and Dodecanol) at 298.15 K and 308.15 K

Abstract

New experimental data on densities and excess volumes (V^E) for methyl acrylate (MA)+, ethyl acrylate (EA)+, or butyl acrylate (BA)+1-heptanol, +1-octanol, +1-decanol and +1-dodecanol are reported at (298.15 and 308.15) K. The excess volumes were fitted to Redlisch-Kister type equation. The variations in excess volumes with the alkyl chain length of both the components are explained in terms of molecular interactions.     

Densities and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Aqueous Solutions of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol with Acetone and Alcohols at the Temperature of 298.15 K and Pressure of 101 kPa

Excess molar volumes V_m^E of the binary mixtures of (trifluoroethanol + 1-propanol), (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol), (acetone + water), (methanol + water), (ethanol + water), (1-propanol + water), (2-propanol + water), and the ternary mixtures of (trifluoroethanol + methanol + water), (trifluoroethanol + ethanol + water), (trifluoroethanol~+ 1-propanol + water), (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol + water) and (trifluoroethanol + acetone + water) were measured with a vibrating tube densimeter at the temperature of 298.15 K and the pressure 101 kPa. The extrema in V_m^E of trifluoroethanol mixtures occur at –0.690 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol + 1-propanol), at –0.990~cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol); at 0.562 and –0.973 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol + methanol + water), at 0.629 and –0.973 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol + ethanol + water), at 1.082 and –0.659 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol~+ 1-propanol + water), at 0.998 and –0.991 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol~+ 2-propanol + water), and at 0.515 and –1.472 cm³-mol^–1 for (trifluoroethanol + acetone + water). The experimental ternary V_m^E values were predicted by empirical expressions using binary solution data.     

Density and Volume Properties of Ethane-1,2-diol + 1,2-Dimethoxyethane + Water Ternary Mixtures from −10° to 80°

Thermodynamic interactions in the ethane-1,2-diol (1) + 1,2-dimethoxyethane(2) + water (3) ternary system have been investigated in terms of the excessmolar volume, derived from density measurements at 19 different temperaturesfrom –10;dg to 80;dgC. Fourteen three-component mixtures have been considered,covering the entire composition range. The excess molar volumes are discussedin terms of conformational changes induced in each component by the presenceof another one. The results obtained support the hypothesis of the absence of anythree-component complex adducts under all experimental conditions investigated.     

Excess Molar Volumes of Ternary Mixtures of 2-Butanone or 2-Pentanone with 1-Chloroctane + n-Octane at 25°C

Excess molar volumes at 25°C of the ternary systems 2-butanone + 1 -chlorooctane + octane and 2-pentanone + 1-chlorooctane + octane and of binary mixtures 2-butanone + octane, 2-pentanone + octane, and 1-chlorooctane + octane, were determined using an Anton Paar DMA 60/602 densimeter. All the experimental values were compared with the results obtained by empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from binary data. Variable degree polynomials were fitted to the results.     

Excess molar volumes of the (cyclohexane + pentane,or hexane,or heptane,or octane,or nonane) systems at the temperature 298.15 K

The densities of the (cyclohexane + pentane, or hexane, or heptane, or octane, or nonane) systems were measured at the temperature 298.15 K by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter. Their respective excess molar volumes were calculated and correlated using the fourth-order Redlich—Kister equation, with the maximum likelihood principle being applied in the determination of the adjustable parameters. The values of excess molar volumes were negative for the cyclohexane + pentane system, whereas they were positive for the other systems with the values increasing with the number of carbon atoms in the respective alkane molecules.     

Density and Volumes of Mixing of the Ternary System Ethylbenzene + Styrene + Ethyl Acrylate and its Binaries at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system, ethylbenzene + styrene + ethyl acrylate, and its three binaries have been measured in the whole composition range at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes are positive for the binary system, ethylbenzene + ethyl acrylate, and negative for the systems ethylbenzene + styrene and styrene + ethyl acrylate. The corresponding data were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found to fit the data equally well. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Excess molar volumes of 1-alcohol + aliphatic monoethers at 298.15 K

Excess molar volumes V^E at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for 1-propanol and 1-hexanol + butyl methyl ether, + dipropyl ether or + dibutyl ether with a vibrating-tube densimeter. The V^E are negative over the whole mole-fraction range and nearly have been calculated from densities measured symmetrical for all the systems investigated. For each monoether, the V^E decreases as the chain length of the 1-alcohol increases. For each 1-alcohol, the V^E increases as the chain length of the symmetrical di-n-alkyl ethers increases. Moreover, for the butyl methyl ether (an asymmetrical monoether), the V^E is more positive than of the immediately higher symmetrical dipropyl ether. These results, together with previously published excess molar enthalpies H^E, suggest the formation of hydrogen bonds between the functional group (---OH) of the 1-alcohol and the (---O---) atoms of the monoethers.