Picrylamino-substituted heterocycles. III. 1,2,4-triazoles

This paper describes the synthesis of various picryl-and picrylamino-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles and 3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazolyls. These compounds were prepared by condensing the appropriate 1,2,4-triazole or amino-1,2,4-triazole with a picryl halide. The proton n.m.r. spectra, crystal densities, thermal stabilities, and drop-weight impact sensitivities of the resulting compounds were determined.     

Untersuchungen an Stickstoff-Chlor-Verbindungen. VIII. N-Perchlorylverbindungen mit aromatischem System im organischen Rest

Studies on Nitrogen Chlorine Compounds. VIII. N-Perchloryl Compounds Containing an Aromatic System in the Organic Rest To the class of N-perchloryl compounds could be added two new compounds which are the first to contain one or two aromatic systems respectively in the organic rest. One of these compounds contains an acidic hydrogen atom that could be replaced by metal cations. The compounds were characterized as far as possible by analysis, IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.     

Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Synthesis of 1,3,2-benzoxathia- and 1,3,2-benzodioxastibole derivatives

The preparation of 1,3,2-benzoxathia- and 1,3,2-benzodioxachlorostiboles (IIa-b) by reaction of antimony trichloride with 2-hydroxythiophenol (Ia) or 1,2-benzodiol (Ib) is described. The halogen was easily removed. Thus a Wurtz-like reaction gave the distibole compounds (IVa-b), which were also produced by organolithium compounds or pyridine. The compounds Va-b were obtained with sodium hydroxide, ethoxide and phenoxide, but spiran derivatives VIIa-b, of antimony, were obtained by treating IIa-b with 2-hydroxythiophenol or 1,2-benzodiol in the presence of triethylamine. The structure of the prepared compounds was determined by spectro-scopic methods.     

Zur Herstellung von 1,2,3-Tricarbonylverbindungen aus 1,3-Dicarbonylverbindungen. 27. Mitteilung über Reduktone und Tricarbonylverbindungen [1]

The synthesis of 22 substituted tricarbonyl compounds is reported. They were obtained either by oxidation of β-dicarbonyl compounds with SeO₂ or nitrous oxides or by oxidation of the α-bromo-β-dicarbonyl compounds with DMSO. The procedures using SeO₂ or DMSO are more rapid and give in general better yields than other methods described in the literature.     

Studies on antiallergic agents. I. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of novel pyrazine derivatives.

Various pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and their antiallergic activity was examined. The inhibitory activity on allergic histamine release of the compounds bearing a 5-tetrazolyl group was more potent than that of the corresponding carboxyl derivatives. The introduction of -CONH- or -NHCO- between the pyrazine ring and the 5-tetrazolyl group as a spacer greatly enhanced the activity. N-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (I-3) was estimated to exhibit nearly the same potency as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The structure-activity relationship among various derivatives modified by introducing some substituents onto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the pyrazine ring of I-3 was investigated. The activity remained unchanged or was reduced when such substituents as methyl, chloro, methoxy, methylamino and dimethylamino were introduced at the 3- or 5-position. In contrast, 6-substitution with various alkylamino groups more or less increased the activity. Among them, the 6-dimethylamino (I-17c) and 6-(1-pyrrolidinyl) (I-34) derivative were proved to be most potent. The IC50 values (concentration which produces 50% inhibition of the allergic histamine release) of I-17c and I-34 were determined to be 4.7 x 10(-10) and 4.6 x 10(-10) M, respectively. These two compounds produced a potent inhibitory activity on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rat, not only by the intravenous route (ED50 = 0.0096 mg/kg for both compounds) but also by the oral route (ED50 = 0.19 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively). On the other hand, when the pyrazine ring of some representative compounds was replaced with a pyridine ring, the inhibitory activity on histamine release was significantly reduced.     

Syntheses and Olfactory Characters of Some Endo-α-Substituted-Bicyclo[2. 2. 2]-Octenyl (or Octanyl) Methanols

Sixteen title compounds were synthesized, twelve of which are new ones. Their structures were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS, the refractive indices or melting points were measured. Odors of all the title compounds were evaluated and the structure-odor relationship was briefly discussed.     

Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclie compounds. II. Synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-benzoxathioles

The condensation of 2-hydroxythiophenol (I) with acetylenic compounds (IIa-g) or halo-genated esters (IV, V, VIa and b) led to the synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-benzoxathioles (IIIa-g). The structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis and by ir and nmr spectra.     

Polar, hydrophilic compounds in drinking water produced from surface water. Determination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Drinking water produced from surface water may contain many polar, hydrophilic compounds in spite of different treatment steps such as soil filtration, ozone treatment and activated carbon filtration. Little is known about these compounds. The objectives of this work were the detection and identification by means of tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) coupled on-line by a thermospray interface with liquid chromatography. Quantification is possible if standard compounds are available. The different compounds in the water extracts were not only separated by means of an analytical column but also using MS-MS after loop injection bypassing the analytical column. Molecular weight information in the loop spectra (overview spectra) and collisionally induced dissociation (CID) made possible the identification of some of these compounds which cannot be eliminated in the drinking water treatment process. Identification was not only done by interpretation of the recorded daughter- and parent-ion spectra but also by comparing them with a laboratory-made daughter-ion library of polar, hydrophilic pollutants. Direct mixture analysis using MS-MS allows the detection and identification of some of the pollutants if they reach the drinking water in the course of the surface water treatment process because of their biochemical and chemical persistence and/or non-sorbability during the soil or activated carbon filtration process. The proposed method for the analysis of water for polar, non-volatile and/or thermolabile organic substances is a quick, specific and powerful technique which makes it possible to detect and identify these substances without any chromatographic separation or derivatization     

Koordinationschemische Untersuchungen an Zinkdialkylen. XVI. Darstellung und Untersuchung von Dinorbornylzink-Verbindungen

Investigations on the Coordination Chemistry of Zinc Dialkyls. XVI. Synthesis and Investigation of Dinorbornyl Zinc Compounds Bis(1-norbornyl)-, bis(2-norbornyl)-, and bis(7-norbornyl)zinc were synthesized from zink chloride and the corresponding Grignard compounds or norbornyl lithium compounds, respectively. The properties of these compounds differ remarkably. A detailed characterization took place by the mass, IR and ¹³C-NMR spectra and by investigation of the thermal decomposition and complex formation reactions. For comparison the bis(7-norbornenyl)zinc was prepared and characterized.     

Studies on antiulcer drugs. V. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of aralkylbenzazoles.

A series of 2-alkylamino-5- or 6-aralkyl-substituted benzazoles were synthesized and tested for histamine H2-receptor antagonist and anti-stress ulcer activities. These new compounds showed little or no histamine H2-receptor antagonist activity in contrast to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine analogues (I). On antiulcer assay, however, some pyridine derivatives (II) exerted higher activity than the reference compounds, sofalcone, sucralfate and cimetidine. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.     

The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum.

Twenty compounds were isolated from the roots of Rubia tinctorum which are used as a commercial source of madder color. Among these compounds, mollugin (1), 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (2), 2-ethoxymethylanthraquinone(11), rubiadin (13), 1,3-dihydroxyanthraqunone (14), 7-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (16), lucidin (17), 1-methoxymethylanthraquinone (18) and lucidin-3-O-primeveroside (19) showed mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and/or TA 98. Since the mutagenic compounds isolated are anthraquinone derivatives with the exception of compound 1, structure-mutagenicity relationships of the anthraquinones were also studied. The results suggested that the greatest activity is exhibited by 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinones possessing methyl or hydroxylmethyl group on carbon 2.     

5-Isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives. III. Synthesis and vasodilatory activity of 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)piperazine derivatives.

On the basis of a hypothesis that cyclization and alkylation of the diamine part in formula 1 may give highly active compounds, a new series of 5-isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives, shown as formula 2, were prepared from cyclic diamines. Their vasodilatory effects were subsequently evaluated in vivo according to the increase in arterial blood flow after the formulas were injected locally to the femoral and/or vertebral arteries of dogs. Cyclization of the diamine structure in formula 1 gave very potent vasodilators: 6 and 14. Acylation and sulfonylation of terminal amino nitrogen afforded much less potent compounds. In contrast to the hypothesis, alkylation on the ring carbon and the terminal nitrogen of the cyclic amine afforded less active compounds except for compound 11. The most active compounds, 6, 11 and 14, showed more potent vasodilatory effects and more selective activity to the vertebral artery than either trapidil or diltiazem.     

Acridine derivatives. III. Preparation and antitumor activity of the novel acridinyl-substituted uracils

In an investigation of a new class of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-intercalating antitumor agents, novel acridinyl-substituted uracils have been synthesized and evaluated for activity against L1210 leukemia in vivo, and against bacteria and fungus. These compounds were prepared by the novel enamine reaction between 9-chloroacridines and 6-aminouracils. The positional effects of substituents on the acridine ring showed that compounds bearing electron-withdrawing groups at the 3- or 6-position of the acridine ring were the most active.     

Chelatbildende Enaminoketone I. Synthese von unsymmetrischen Liganden

Syntheses of chelating enaminoketones for a potential use in enrichment or recovery of metals from their aqueous solutions are described. Tridentate ligands were prepared either from aromatic amines, triethoxymethane and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in a one-step synthesis, or from the anilinomethylene compounds obtained by this approach and aliphatic amines. Polymerizable ligands have also been synthesized by reaction with (meth)acryloyl chloride and copolymerized with styrene to yield a chelating polymer.

     

Mass spectrometric investigation of 2-aminopropiophenones and some of their metabolites.

Complex metabolic mixtures of 2-aminopropiophenones, obtained both after in vitro and human in vivo metabolism of these compounds, have been investigated using both mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometric fragmentation schemes of the compounds have been proposed and verified. The schemes are based on the characteristic fragments obtained by alpha-cleavage of these compounds using direct inlet mass spectrometry or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These findings were confirmed with chemical ionization mass spectrometry, when quasi-molecular (MH+) ions were obtained as the highest relative abundance ions for all the compounds investigated, and were used in metabolic investigations of 2-aminopropiophenones.     

异色满酮—4及其衍生物的合成：Ⅹ.异色满并嘧啶并唑类杂环化合物的合成

通过异色满酮－４的克莱森缩合反应得到其α,β－不饱和衍生物,后者分别与３,５－二氨基－４－苯偶氮吡唑,３－氨基－１,２,４－三唑和２－氨基－苯并咪唑缩合,得到相应的四环和五环系列标题物。所合成的新化合物的结构均经元素分析,ＩＲ及＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ确证。     

A novel class of platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists. I. Synthesis and structure-activity studies on PAF-sulfonamide isosteres.

New platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists, 3 were synthesized by replacing the charged phosphate and trimethylammonium moieties with sulfonamide and heterocyclic quaternary ammonium functionalities, respectively (PAF-sulfonamide isosteres). Darmstoff phosphatidic acid analogues of this class (Darmstoff-sulfonamide isosteres), 6 were also synthesized. The activity of these compounds as PAF antagonists was evaluated from their in vitro inhibitory effect on PAF-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich plasma. Among the compounds tested, some of the 2-methoxypropane derivatives with an octadecylcarbamoyloxy or octadecylcarbamoylthio side chain at the 1-position and a propylsulfonamide function bearing a terminal polar substituent such as a quaternary quinolinium or substituted quinolinium group at the 3-position were found to be the most potent (IC50 = 0.3-0.6 microM).     

Some aspects of plasma polymerization investigated by pulsed R.F. discharge

The polymerization of organic compounds in glow discharge (plasma polymerization) was investigated by using pulsed R.F. discharge (100 μsec on, 900 μsec off). The effects of pulsed discharge on polymer deposition rate, pressure change in plasma, ESR signals of free spins in both plasma polymer and substrate, and the contact angle of water on the plasma polymer surface were investigated for various organic compounds. The results are correlated to the mechanisms of polymer formation in plasma (plasma polymerization) which has been postulated as repeating processes of stepwise (propagation) reactions. The effect of the pulse is different from one group of organic compounds to another depending on whether or not they contain an olefinic double bond and/or a triple bond. The main difference seems to be the addition polymerization which can occur exclusively during the off-period of pulsed discharge. Ultraviolet emission from pulsed discharge is much less than from continuous discharge. Consequently, the fragmentation of the monomer and the free-radical formation in the substrate are less with the pulsed discharge. Properties of polymers from some organic compounds formed in continuous and in pulsed discharge were found to be significantly different, and the differences were postulated from the changes of polymerization mechanisms in the pulsed discharge.     

Polysiloxane zwitterionomers and related model compounds. I. Synthesis

Polymers containing zwitterions were prepared by reacting γ-propanesultone with polydimethylsiloxane-co-(4,7-diazaheptylmethylsiloxane), which generated substituted di(ammonium-3-propane-sulfonate) groups pendant from the siloxane chain. Their concentration in the polymers varied from 0.5 to 10 mole %. Two model compounds were also prepared in order to (1) characterize the reaction leading to the formation of these zwitterions and (2) characterize the ionic forces in solutions (tetrahydrofuran and benzene were used as solvents). The degree of aggregation of these model compounds was higher in tetrahydrofuran and increased in both solutions with the concentration. No rearrangements of siloxane bonds were observed in the presence of these zwitterions or γ-propanesultone.     

Fluorine-containing triphenylenes. Liquid crystalline properties and surface ordering

The synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of two novel series of triphenylenes with 4 or 5 pentafuoropentyloxy tails and 1 or 2 alkoxy tails of varying length are reported. All compounds form wide-range hexagonal columnar phases. The isotropisation temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy changes for the compounds with 4 or 5 fluorinated tails are higher than for the compounds with 6 alkoxy tails, and also higher than for compounds with 6 fluorinated tails. These results indicate that the best ordering is obtained for compounds with a mix of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tails. With increasing length of the alkyl tails in HAT compounds with 4 or 5 fluoroalkoxy tails, the isotropisation temperatures decrease and the d-spacings as observed by XRD increase. All fluoro-containing compounds have a strong tendency for spontaneous homeotropic alignment on surfaces, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.