人工神经网络X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中酸溶铝

建立了一种人工神经网络-X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中酸溶铝的方法，用X射线荧光光谱法测定低合金钢中总铝值，应用所建立的ANN-BP网络模型，输入总铝含量直接预测出酸溶铝含量。同时使用改进的BP算法，避免了神经网络学习中可能产生的麻痹现象。该方法用于钢中酸溶铝的测定，结果满意。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定5XXX系铝合金中的高镁含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定5XXX系铝合金中的高镁含量,选择20mL稀王水溶液溶解试样,以消除合金中的基体元素及其它共存元素的干扰为目标,选择测定镁含量的分析谱线为280.270nm。分别称取与分析试样基体近似的三种铝合金标准物质0.100 0g,按试样相同的溶解方法处理并定容至100mL,选择仪器工作条件,制作分析曲线,进行曲线校准,按照同样的方法对4个样品各测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差均不大于0.59%,用标准加入法测得加标回收率在94.0%~104.0%,测定值和环己二胺四乙酸分离络合滴定法测定的5XXX系铝合金中的镁量结果一致。     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定氧化铝为载体的钯催化剂中钯

报道了微波消解-AAS法测定氧化铝为载体的钯催化剂中钯的新方法,试验了微波消解溶样条件（溶解试剂、压力、时间和功率等）,研究了测定介质的影响,通过在样品测定液中加入铝基体至铝浓度为4 mg/mL,消除了铝对钯测定的干扰.该法测定结果与光度法的结果一致,相对标准偏差小于1.5%（n=5）.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定ADC12中硅

在微波消解仪中以氢氧化钠溶解试样,然后滴加过氧化氢,使得铸造铝ADC12中的硅完全溶解,并采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定,硅的质量百分数平均值为10.31％的情况下,标准偏差0.09％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.83％.对比了国家标准方法中加热板消解法与微波消解法对硅加标回收率的影响,加热板消解法的加标回收率低于微波消解法,微波消解法辅助前处理样品,促使样品在短时间内反应完全,实验步骤简便,结果满意.     

Determination of four additives in aluminum electrolyte by ICP-OES with wet digestion

A method to quantify K, Ca, Mg and Li in aluminum electrolyte by ICP-OES with wet digestion was developed. The samples were digested using aqua regia in PTFE beakers and heated by electric hot plate. The levels of four additives, namely KF, CaF₂, MgF₂ and LiF in aluminum electrolyte were determined simultaneously by ICP-OES. The recovery rate of this method was 93.27%–103.51%. Accuracy was also proven through the measurement of standard sample of aluminum electrolyte. The developed method was applied to relative standard deviations for three digestion replicates of ten samples were in the range from 0.51% to 8.33%.     

Determination of four additives in aluminum electrolyte by ICP-OES with wet digestion

A method to quantify K, Ca, Mg and Li in aluminum electrolyte by ICP-OES with wet digestion was developed. The samples were digested using aqua regia in PTFE beakers and heated by electric hot plate. The levels of four additives, namely KF, CaF₂, MgF₂ and LiF in aluminum electrolyte were determined simultaneously by ICP-OES. The recovery rate of this method was 93.27%–103.51%. Accuracy was also proven through the measurement of standard sample of aluminum electrolyte. The developed method was applied to relative standard deviations for three digestion replicates of ten samples were in the range from 0.51% to 8.33%.     

Determination of Sr in soil by tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry

Strontium was determined in soil by tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES). Since aluminum enhances strontium emission and is a common component of soil, it was first necessary to develop a method to remove aluminum from digested soil solutions. This was accomplished by buffering solutions to a pH of 5.5 with ammonium bicarbonate. Each buffered solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm syringe filter. Twenty-five μL of the filtrate were injected into a WCAES instrument and analyzed. The method effectively removed aluminum from digested samples. The next goal was to develop a fast soil digestion method that could be used in field analyses. A potential application for a fast method is the detection of radioisotopes after the detonation of a radioactive dispersion device ("dirty bomb"). Such devices could potentially contain strontium-90, and a field method would be necessary to quickly determine the concentration of strontium. Two different soil digestion methods were tested. The first (method A) was a typical method using aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide, and heat. The second (method B) was a faster method that involved shaking soil with concentrated acid for 30 s. Strontium "spike" recoveries showed that method B was not as effective at recovering strontium from soil. The % strontium recoveries (method B) were 87% compared to 93% for method A. A NIST SRM "San Joaquin Soil" was analyzed using both soil digestion methods. Strontium recoveries were 76% and 59% for methods A and B respectively, suggesting that digestion conditions needed to be more thorough.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定钢中硼时样品溶解损失及空白控制研究

用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法研究了钢中硼的测定。实验发现,分析线在硼182.64nm处无硼铁基体空白值低于纯试剂(无铁)空白值。样品分析时,应进行无硼铁基空白实验,结果计算只能用此空白值。对普通玻璃烧杯和聚四氟乙烯烧杯的酸溶样品测定结果进行了比较,结果表明,测定结果和空白值相近且都很低,无硼普通玻璃烧杯也能满足钢中低含量硼的测定需要。通过对实验与报道结果比较分析表明,硝酸或王水加热溶解样品得到的溶液中硼没有损失,此溶液可测定钢中酸溶硼;用高氯酸发烟处理后,样品中酸不溶硼可能会溶解,但硼会挥发损失。因此,高氯酸发烟处理不能测定硼。     

自动石墨消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中7种金属元素

建立自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁7种金属元素含量的方法。以HNO3-H2O2()体积比为1∶1为消解体系,采用自动石墨消解法消解左氧氟沙星胶囊样品,消解液除酸后,用5%硝酸溶液定容至50 mL,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对消解液进行测定,以内标法定量。铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁的质量浓度在0.05~20.0μg/mL范围内与质谱响应值成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.119~1.323μg/kg。样品加标回收率为91.2%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.67%~3.46%(n=6)。该方法样品前处理简单,检出限低,测定结果准确,适用于左氧氟沙星胶囊等沙星类抗生素中多种金属元素残留的测定。     

Systemic approach to design of liquid cleaning compositions and practical implementation of the method

The scientific basis of the development of liquid cleaning compositions is physicochemical analysis of multicomponent systems that comprise the major components of detergents. The method was implemented in Optimum software for the sulfirol-8–isobutanol–turpentine–water four-component system. After solubility in the system was studied, homogeneous mixtures were optimized by their physicochemical and functional properties (viscosity, density, refractive index, pH, detergency, and corrosion activity). The compositions having the highest detergency and neutral pH and not causing corrosion on titanium and aluminum alloys were selected and recommended for use as technical detergents.     

镍锍试金-铝共熔电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定废催化剂中铑铱钌

研究了废催化剂中铑、铱、钌含量的分析方法.采用镍锍试金富集,镍扣用铝共熔,然后用盐酸(1+1)分离镍和铝,沉淀用高压消解罐溶解,电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法测定铑、铱、钌.实验结果表明,加入6g铝镍扣在900℃的马弗炉中共熔2h,镍扣能在盐酸(1+1)中2h以内溶解完全,方法相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)在1.2％ ～7...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定面制食品中的铝

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测面制食品中铝含量的方法。以硝酸-过氧化氢作为消解体系,样品经微波消解后以5%硝酸定容,测定。对仪器条件进行了优化,铝的分析谱线为396.153 nm,射频功率为1 150 W,雾化气流量为0.5 L/min。铝的质量浓度(X)在0.5~10 mg/L范围内与谱线强度(Y)线性良好,工作曲线方程为Y=1 743.2X+58.0,线性相关系数r=0.999 9;测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),加标回收率为92.8%~107.0%。用该方法与标准方法对面食样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果相一致。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于面制食品中铝含量的测定。     

土壤中硫化物的分析方法研究

硫化物作为土壤中常见的污染物在酸性环境中会生成H_2S,造成环境污染,研究中根据环境质量要求分别针对土壤中易解析的硫化物、酸可溶解性硫化物、酸难溶性硫化物建立了相应的分析测定方法。硫化物分别在磷酸(1+1)、浓硫酸、盐酸(9.8mol/L)作用下形成硫化氢,硫化氢随氮气进入装有乙酸锌吸收液的吸收瓶中,生成硫化锌沉淀,以碘量法定量。结果表明:酸难溶性硫化物的实际样品加标回收率为86%~98%;酸溶性硫化物的实际样品加标回收率为83%~91%,空白加标回收率为92%~97%。精密度实验中,酸溶性硫化物相对标准偏差为6.4%~8.3%。沙土、花园土、黄土、稻田土中酸难溶性硫化物的相对标准偏差分别为2.6%、4.0%、5.5%、5.8%。方法精密度和准确度满足分析要求,可以用来评估土壤中的硫化物污染问题,也可以了解不同类型硫化物的污染情况。     

NO-releasing zeolites and their antithrombotic properties

Transition metal-exchanged zeolite-A adsorbs and stores nitric oxide in relatively high capacity (up to 1 mmol of NO/g of zeolite). The stored NO is released on contact with an aqueous environment under biologically relevant conditions of temperature and pH. The release of the NO can be tuned by altering the chemical composition of the zeolite, by controlling the amount of water contacting the zeolite, and by blending the zeolite with different polymers. The high capacity of zeolite for NO makes it extremely attractive for use in biological and medical applications, and our experiments indicate that the NO released from Co-exchanged zeolite-A inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion of human platelets in vitro.     

Stopped-flow kinetic determination of aluminum in Chinese tea leaves by fluoride ion-selective electrode potentiometry

A stopped-flow kinetic potentiometric method for the determination of aluminum is described, based on monitoring the reaction between aluminum and fluoride at pH 3.0 using fluoride ion-selective electrode. The initial rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of aluminum present in the solution. The method is simple and rapid and has been applied to the determination of aluminum in Chinese tea leaves after microwave digestion.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定泡沫灭火材料及其他材料中的全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐

建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐(PFOS)的方法。对应产品中的PFOS用水超声提取后,经固相萃取柱淋洗萃取,萃取液以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(80:20, v/v)为流动相进行HPLC分离,在负离子模式和多级反应监测(MRM)方式下进行测定。用两个子离子的相对丰度定性,外标法定量。PFOS的测定在0.002~0.1 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.998);泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的加标回收率分别为93.4%～103%, 93.2%～102%和91.8%～102%,精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)分别为0.48%～3.52%, 0.78%～1.79%和0.47%～3.47%;方法的检出限均为2 mg/kg(0.0002%)(信噪比（S/N）≥10),满足欧盟法规对泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的限量检测要求。该方法准确度和灵敏度高,前处理简单,可用于泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的检测。     

碰撞反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定膨化食品中的铝

采用密闭高压消解技术对样品进行前处理,建立了膨化食品中铝的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法。完善样品前处理条件,优化仪器工作参数,并以45Sc为内标元素消除非质谱干扰,以氦气为碰撞反应气消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限为13.61μg/L,标准曲线的回归系数为0.999 9。同时采用国家标准方法——分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法验证了方法的准确度,三种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异。实验结果表明,方法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品中铝含量的测定。     

AN IMPROVED HPLC METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF RETINALDEHYDE ISOMERS FROM VISUAL PIGMENTS

Abstract— A method for the analytical separation of retinal isomers such as 13- cis , 11- cis , 9- cis and all- trans retinal, dissolved in aqueous solutions of detergents, is described. The retinals are extracted by means of a non-isomerizing procedure and separated by HPLC on an octadecyl silane column used in normal phase. This column retains detergents without deteriorating and gives a satisfactory separation of retinal isomers with a resolution comparable with that obtained with silica gel column. The reliability of the method is verified by analysing the chromophore of visual pigment rhodopsin in digitonin solution, before and after irradiation with white light.     

催化剂中钨的测定溶样方法的改进

研究了新的溶样方法——微波消解法,并将其与常规光度法相结合测定催化剂中钨。考察了测定条件,研究了消解用酸的种类、用量和不同的消解程序对消解效果的影响,确定了微波消解催化剂的最佳消解程序。将经微波消解处理的催化剂样品用常规光度法测定钨的含量,其相对误差小于2．0%,相对标准偏差小于1．3%。将微波消解法与常压敞口消解法进行对比,测定结果基本一致。微波消解法酸用量减少了约5．0倍,消解速度提高了3．5～6．7倍。该方法具有省时、省酸、样品损失少、无环境污染、测定结果准确可靠等优点。     

Mechanism of Coagulation Purification of Wastewater with Aluminum Oxochloride

Results of a coagulation purification of solutions modeling weakly contaminated wastewater from dairy shops are presented. The influents of detergents (HNO₃ and NaOH) and aluminum oxochloride on the process of contaminant removal from a milk solution in the pH range 2-12 is considered. Distinctions are noted in the behavior of model milk solutions with contaminant concentration. The results of studies performed at varied doses of aluminum oxochloride by the optical and electrophoretic methods are used to explain the mechanism of coagulation purification of model wastewater.