虎皮楠生物碱研究进展

虎皮楠生物碱结构多变且具有复杂的多环骨架, 该类生物碱奇特的多环结构使其成为化学和生物合成研究的热点之一. 最近的关于虎皮楠生物碱的综述是由Kobayashi和Morita等于2003年报道的, 文章对1987到2002年间虎皮楠生物碱的研究进行了概括. 其后又有从11种虎皮楠植物中分离到的60多个新的虎皮楠生物碱报道, 其中三分之二是由中国学者从分布于中国的虎皮楠植物中分离得到. 这些新生物碱有的骨架类型已知, 有的骨架新颖. 故对这些新生物碱的结构分类、可能的生物合成途径和生物活性进行了综述. 对生物碱的分类基本按照以前提出的方法, 但增加了7种新的骨架类型. 对各种骨架的结构特点及在生物合成中的相互关系也进行了讨论.     

云南蕊木生物碱的研究

云南蕊木(Kopsia offcinalis Tsiang et P.T.Li)为夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)柯蒲木属(Kopsia)植物,是云南西双版纳地区傣族民间的一个传统草药,用于治疗麻风、咽喉炎、风湿骨痛、四肢麻木和水肿等疾病.我们分析了这一植物的化学成分;从根及茎皮提出的总生物碱,药理试验显示镇痛作用.我们共分出10个吲哚型生物碱,通过光谱分析和化学工作,鉴定出四个为已知生物碱kopsinine(1)、kopgamine(2)、eburnamine(3)、perivine(4);三个为     

两种中药虎皮楠和交让木化学成分的研究

交让木(Daphniphyllum macropodum)和虎皮楠(Daphniphyllum angustifolium)属于虎皮楠科虎皮楠属,为小乔木.近年来,从虎皮楠属植物中分离得到一系列结构非常复杂的、独特的、生物活性多样的聚环生物碱[1,2],我们从交让木(D.macropodum)中分得7个此类生物碱,根据NMR和MS数据鉴定了3个化合物的结构,其中1个为新化合物.另外4个化合物的结构正在鉴定中.经文献查阅发现对该属植物非生物碱部分的研究很少,我们从虎皮楠)(D.angustifolium)非生物碱部位分得18个化合物,并根据NMR,UV,和MS等数据鉴定了它们的结构,其中7个为新化合物.新化合物的结构如下所示:     

鸡尾木生物碱的含量分析

鸡尾木（Excoecaria Venenata S．Lee et F．N.Wei）,大戟科,海漆属,1982年由李树刚、韦发南鉴定为一新树种。鸡尾木的化学成分研究刘绍华等人报道从该植物中分离鉴定出没食子酸、仅一香树脂醇和β-谷甾醇心,作者在该科属植物中发现含有异硫氰酸脂。确定其主要生物碱为2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酮、金刚烷胺。本文对鸡尾木叶片中总生物碱及上述两个主要生物碱的含量做了进一步的分析测定。     

云南蕊木茎中的抗炎吲哚生物碱

应用多种色谱和波谱学方法,从云南蕊木(Kopsia officinalis)茎中分离鉴定了27个单萜吲哚生物碱,包括7个新化合物kopsiofficines A～G和20个已知化合物.此外,建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7炎症模型,通过测定IL-1β, PGE2和TNF-α炎症因子释放评价生物碱的抗炎活性.结果表明, kopsiofficines A (1), kopsiofficines B (2),kopsiofficines D(4),kopsiofficines F(6),kopsiofficines G(7), 12-methoxykopsine(11),kopsinoline(15),(-)-N-methoxy-carbonyl-11,12-methylenedioxykopsinaline(16),kopsinine(18)和kopsinic acid(20)表现出显著的抗炎活性,与阳性对照(地塞米松)基本相当.研究发现C-5位丙酮基取代的单萜吲哚生物碱的抗炎活性明显强于原型生物碱,推测丙酮基可能是抗炎活性的药效促进基团,研究结果为进一步的结构修饰...     

展毛多根乌头的生物碱化学成分研究

展毛多根乌头(Aconitum karakolicum var. patentipilum W. T. Wang)为毛莨科乌头属植物^[1],是新疆民间常用草药之一,民间称为草乌,主要用于治疗神经痛、牙痛和关节炎等。     

华马钱生物碱的研究

华马钱(Strychnos cathayansis Merr)产于我国广西、海南岛等地,民间用以镇痛。本文报道其有效成分的提取和结构鉴定。从广西华马钱粗提物中得到的总生物碱,经硅胶离心层析,分得三个主要组分。组分A:高分辨质谱测得分子量352.1704,分子式为C_(21)H_(24)N_2O_3。λ_(max):250nm示有N-乙酰基-二氢吲哚核的特征吸收;ν_(max):1640cm~(-1)和720cm~(-1),说明含有酰胺基及苯环上有四个相邻的芳氢,~1H NMR除证实有四个芳氢外,还显示δ2.27ppm酰胺的甲基信号,说明吲哚核上的氮原子已被乙酰化;质谱m/z352(M~ ,100％),180(碎片c,81),144(碎片b-C_2H_2O,84),130(碎片a-C_2H_2O,36),显示具有Wieland Gumlich醛的骨架,其断裂机理如下所示:     

藏药木茎蓼化学成分的研究

木茎蓼又名木藤蓼,为蓼科蓼属植物(Polygonum aubertii L. Henry)的藤茎。该植物的入药部位藏医中医各不相同。中药用其块根,称为酱头,为湖南常德地区常用草药,民间称之为雄黄连。另外尚有赤地胆、丛叶蓼等别名。中医认为有清热解毒、调经止血之效。藏医则取其茎入药。据藏药木草记载,其味微热、甘、苦、涩,主治清热解表,治痛风特效。藏医用以木茎蓼为主药的木茎蓼三味汤治疗类风湿性关节炎效果显     

新生物碱雷公藤碱戊的结构

雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.)系卫矛科雷公藤属植物.今分得五个生物碱,其中一个为新生物碱,命名为雷公藤碱戊(wilforidine,1);另外四个为已知化合物:雷公藤次碱(wilforine,2),雷公藤碱乙(wilforgine),雷公藤碱(wilfordine,3)及雷公藤碱丁(wilfortrine).     

尖山橙生物碱的研究

从尖山橙(Melodinus fusiformis)全植物中分得15个生物碱,其中3个为新生物碱,采用波谱分析和化学方法,它们的结构分别鉴定为:11,19(R)-dihydroxy tabersonine(1)11-hydroxy-14,15α-epoxy tabersonine(2)和scandine N_b-oxide(3).其余12个为已知生物碱:scandine(4),moloscandonine(5),10-hydoxyscandine(6),Kopsinine(7),15α-hydroxykopsinine(8),venalstonine(9),tabersonine(10),11-methoxytabersonine(11),11-hydroxytabersonine(12),tubotaiwine(13),vindolinine(14)和deacetylpicraline(15).新生物碱1和2分别显示有明显的抗生育和抗肿瘤的作用。     

Further Daphniphyllum Alkaloids from the Leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.

Five new polycyclic Daphniphyllum alkaloids, macropodumines F ( 1 ) and G ( 2 ), 17‐oxoyuzurimine ( 3 ), and macropodumines H ( 4 ) and I ( 5 ), were isolated from the leaves of D. macropodum Miq ., collected in Sichuan Province, China. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds – as well as of four known, related alkaloids – were elucidated on the basis of in‐depth spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses, by chemical derivatization, and by comparison of spectroscopic data with those of known compounds.     

Alkaloids from the Fruits of Daphniphyllum macropodum

Three new alkaloids, N‐hydroxypaxdaphnine B ( 1 ), 21‐O‐acetylpaxdaphnine B ( 2 ), and methyl 17‐hydroxyhomodaphniphyllate ( 3 ), were isolated from the fresh fruits of Daphniphyllum macropodum, together with six known alkaloids. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses in combination with chemical transformations.     

Alkaloids from the Twigs and Leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum

Three new alkaloids, macrodumines A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), along with ten known analogs, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The 11‐OH configuration of the known alkaloid hydroxydaphgraciline ( 4 ) was assigned as α for the first time by comparing the NMR data with those of macrodumine C ( 3 ).     

Two New Iridoid Alkaloids,Daphmacropodosidines A and B,from Daphniphyllum macropodum

Two new iridoid alkaloids, daphmacropodosidines A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), together with two known ones, daphcalycinosidine B and caldaphnidine F, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum maropodum. Their structures were established by spectral methods, especially 2D NMR spectra (¹H,¹H‐COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), as well as chemical means.     

Further Alkaloids from the Fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum

Three new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphlongeranines C–E ( 1 – 3 ), along with 13 known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D‐NMR experiments.     

Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum

A new alkaloid, daphnilongeridine ( 1 ), together with six known alkaloids, daphmacropodine ( 2 ), daphmacrine ( 3 ), codaphniphylline ( 4 ), daphniyunnine A ( 5 ), daphniyunnine C ( 6 ), and daphniyunnine E ( 7 ), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. The so far elusive configuration at C(25) of daphmacropodine ( 2 ) was assigned on the basis of ROESY correlations.     

Two New Daphniphyllum Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum calycinum

Two new daphniphyllum alkaloids named 2‐hydroxyyunnandaphnine D ( 1 ) and methyl 7‐hydroxyhomodaphniphyllate ( 2 ), together with eight known alkaloids, daphnioldhanin D, calyciphylline F, calyciphylline B, deoxycalyciphylline B, daphnicyclidin H, macropodumine C, 9,10‐epoxycalycine A, and yunnandaphnine A, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Daphniphyllum calycinum. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of spectral evidence (including 2D‐NMR) and subsequently confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic diffraction analysis.     

Daphniphyllum alkaloids with cytotoxic activity from Daphniphyllum angustifolium

A new Daphniphyllum alkaloid, daphnezomine W (1), together with four known ones, were isolated from the stems of Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparing with the literature data. Compound 1 was a new daphnezomine L-type alkaloid and exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against Hela cell line with IC₅₀ of 16.0 μg/mL. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was also proposed.     

New Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum Rosenth.

Two new pentacyclic alkaloids, daphnilongertone ( 1 ) and 11‐hydroxydaphnigracine ( 2 ), together with the known congener dehydrodaphnigracine ( 3 ), were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Their structures were elucidated spectroscopically. Compound 3 was isolated for the first time as a natural product.