负泊松比蜂窝材料的动力学响应及能量吸收特性

针对传统正方形蜂窝,通过用更小的双向内凹结构胞元替代原蜂窝材料的结构节点,得到了一种具有负泊松比特性的节点层级蜂窝材料模型。利用显式动力有限元方法,研究了冲击荷载作用下该负泊松比蜂窝结构的动力学响应及能量吸收特性。研究结果表明,除了冲击速度和相对密度,负泊松比蜂窝材料的动力学性能亦取决于胞元微结构。与正方形蜂窝相比,该负泊松比层级蜂窝材料的动态承载能力和能量吸收能力明显增强。在中低速冲击下,试件表现为拉胀材料明显的"颈缩"现象,并展示出负泊松比材料独特的平台应力增强效应。基于能量吸收效率方法和一维冲击波理论,给出了负泊松比蜂窝材料的密实应变和动态平台应力的经验公式,以预测该蜂窝材料的动态承载能力。本文的研究将为负泊松比多胞材料冲击动力学性能的多目标优化设计提供新的设计思路。     

具有负泊松比效应蜂窝材料的面内冲击动力学性能

基于显式动力有限元ANSYS/LS-DYNA,研究了面内冲击作用下具有负泊松比效应蜂窝材料的动态冲击性能。在保证胞元壁长和壁厚不变的前提下,通过改变胞元扩张角,建立了内凹六边形蜂窝模型。具体讨论了胞元扩张角和冲击速度对蜂窝材料面内冲击变形和能量吸收能力的影响。研究发现,在冲击载荷作用下,内凹蜂窝材料的面内冲击性能依赖于胞元扩张角。胞元扩张角的绝对值越大,冲击端的平台应力越高。随着冲击速度的提高,蜂窝材料表现出更强的能量吸收能力。     

负泊松比蜂窝面内动态压缩行为与吸能特性研究

利用有限元软件ANSYS-LSDYNA研究了负泊松比蜂窝结构面内冲击动力学特性。在壁长和相对密度不变的前提下,建立了负泊松比蜂窝模型;通过改变胞元扩展角,讨论了冲击速度对蜂窝材料面内冲击变形模式和能量吸收能力的影响。数值研究发现,冲击载荷作用下负泊松比蜂窝结构的面内冲击性能更多依赖于冲击速度。提高冲击速度,冲击端的峰值应力、平台应力、试件的比吸能均增高;但在相同冲击速度下,冲击端和支撑端的峰值应力、平台应力、试件的比吸能均随胞元扩展角的增大而降低。     

胞孔构型对金属蜂窝动态力学性能的影响机理

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元研究了具有不同胞孔构型和排列方式的金属蜂窝材料在面内冲击荷载下的力学性能。在蜂窝的相对密度和冲击速度保持恒定的情况下,比较了它们的变形模式、动态承载力和能量吸收性能。结果表明,不同的胞孔构型导致在蜂窝压垮过程中胞壁的受力状态不同,从而影响蜂窝的宏观力学性能。根据胞壁的应力状态,可将蜂窝分为膜力主导蜂窝和弯曲主导蜂窝2大类。研究结果显示,蜂窝吸收的能量绝大部分转化为变形所需的内能,并且膜力主导蜂窝的内能占总能量的百分比更大。胞壁的屈曲导致膜力主导蜂窝的应力应变曲线呈现较大的波动。膜力主导蜂窝在变形过程中其胞壁会耗散更多的内能,从而比弯曲主导蜂窝具有更高的动态承载力和能量吸收能力。     

含随机填充孔圆形蜂窝结构的面内冲击性能

研究多孔材料细观结构与宏观力学性能之间的关系, 建立具有固定相对密度的含随机固体填充孔的圆形蜂窝结构模型。在此模型的基础上具体讨论了不同孔洞填充比和冲击速度对圆形蜂窝结构变形模式、动态冲击平台应力以及能量吸收性能的影响。研究结果表明:填充孔在蜂窝变形过程中有局部牵制作用, 蜂窝材料变形模式仍为准静态模式、过渡模式、动态模式; 当变形模式为过渡模式或动态模式时, 结构的平台应力与速度的平方成线性关系, 存在明显的速度效应; 高速冲击下, 含固体填充孔的蜂窝结构单位质量吸收的能量高于规则蜂窝结构。研究结果可为蜂窝材料的研究和设计提供参考。     

2D周期蜂窝结构面内静动态压缩力学行为研究

基于``平板开缝-装配-焊接'工艺制备了以高聚物为基体的Kagome等蜂窝结构,并开展了Kagome, 正三角形和菱形蜂窝结构的面内准静态压缩力学行为实验研究,实验过程中应用CCD图像采集系统和图像相关法对试件进行了全场位移监测. 另外对比传统正六边形蜂窝,采用数值分析技术,模拟了低速冲击下不同蜂窝结构坍塌行为. 实验结果和数值模拟均揭示了在材料用量和结构尺寸完全相同的情况下,Kagome蜂窝结构的面内能量吸收性能优于其它3种蜂窝结构,并发现了Kagome蜂窝压缩变形时所特有的局部蜂窝旋转变形. 研究结果表明改变蜂窝形状和周期性排布会对蜂窝结构整体的变形模式以及能量吸收性能产生较大的影响.      

基于水平土拱效应的桩间挡土板土压力计算研究

基于``平板开缝-装配-焊接'工艺制备了以高聚物为基体的Kagome等蜂窝结构,并开展 了Kagome, 正三角形和菱形蜂窝结构的面内准静态压缩力学行为实验研究,实验过程中应用 CCD图像采集系统和图像相关法对试件进行了全场位移监测. 另外对比传统正六边形蜂窝, 采用数值分析技术,模拟了低速冲击下不同蜂窝结构坍塌行为. 实验结果和数值模拟均 揭示了在材料用量和结构尺寸完全相同的情况下,Kagome蜂窝结构的面内能量吸收性能优于 其它3种蜂窝结构,并发现了Kagome蜂窝压缩变形时所特有的局部蜂窝旋转变形. 研究结果 表明改变蜂窝形状和周期性排布会对蜂窝结构整体的变形模式以及能量吸收性能产生较大的 影响.     

铝蜂窝的动态力学性能及影响因素

采用显式动力有限元方法研究了具有不同胞元结构的六角形铝蜂窝在冲击荷载下的力学性能,讨论了铝蜂窝的变形模式和动态承载力以及影响因素。通过改变胞壁夹角得到5种不同的胞元结构,计算采用了3种冲击速度。结果表明,在准静态变形模式下,胞元的几何因素对铝蜂窝的承载力起主导作用;一旦蜂窝的变形呈现动态模式后,惯性效应显著,对蜂窝承载力起决定作用,胞元几何因素的影响不再明显;在过渡模式下,惯性效应与几何因素共同主导蜂窝的动态承载力,并且冲击速度越高,惯性效应的影响越大。     

多孔材料/结构尺度关联的一体化拓扑优化技术

针对多孔材料的尺度效应和微结构构型的可设计性,提出以宏观结构最大刚度为目标,材料表征体胞构型为变量的材料／结构尺度关联一体化设计新方法．采用有限元超单元技术,验证了材料表征体胞尺度、边长比、平移、对称周期分布方式对构型设计结果的影响,实现了材料宏观布局设计、材料表征体胞构型精细设计以及多尺度均匀化设计的统一。基于凸规划对偶优化求解技术与二次型周长控制约束,完成了快速设计与材料分布棋盘格效应的控制。计算结果表明,在给定材料用量的情况下,该方法能有效地实现蜂窝结构的拓扑优化设计,设计结果充分反映了蜂窝夹层结构的尺度效应,为轻质结构设计提供了新的设计方法。     

分层递变梯度蜂窝材料的面内冲击性能

提出了一种分层递变梯度蜂窝材料模型,以期控制蜂窝材料的能量动态吸收性能.此模型通过改变胞元的半径来改变蜂窝材料的面内特征参数,以实现蜂窝材料面内动力响应特性的多目标优化设计.计算结果表明,此模型可以在减小初始峰值应力水平的前提下,同时实现材料能量吸收过程的控制,并可以有效控制进入被保护结构的应力水平.此模型可为蜂窝材料...     

Dynamic crushing and energy absorption of regular,irregular and functionally graded cellular structures

The in-plane dynamic crushing of two dimensional honeycombs with both regular hexagonal and irregular arrangements was investigated using detailed finite element models. The energy absorption of honeycombs made of a linear elastic-perfectly plastic material with constant and functionally graded density were estimated up to large crushing strains. Our numerical simulations showed three distinct crushing modes for honeycombs with a constant relative density: quasi-static, transition and dynamic. Moreover, irregular cellular structures showed to have energy absorption similar to their counterpart regular honeycombs of same relative density and mass. To study the dynamic crushing of functionally graded cellular structures, a density gradient in the direction of crushing was introduced in the computational models by a gradual change of the cell wall thickness. Decreasing the relative density in the direction of crushing was shown to enhance the energy absorption of honeycombs at early stages of crushing. The study provides new insight into the behavior of engineered and biological cellular materials, and could be used to develop novel energy absorbent structures.     

In-plane crushing behavior and energy absorption design of composite honeycombs

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were used to study the in-plane crushing behavior of single-cell structures and regular and composite honeycombs. Square, hexagonal, and circular honeycombs were selected as honeycomb layers to establish composite honeycomb models in the form of composite structures and realize the complementary advantages of honeycombs with type I and type II structures. The effects of honeycomb layer arrangement, plastic collapse strength, relative density, and crushing velocity on the deformation mode, plateau stress, load uniformity, and energy absorption performance of the composite honeycombs were mainly considered. A semi-empirical formula for plateau stress and energy absorption rate per unit mass for the composite honeycombs was developed. The results showed that the arrangement mode of honeycomb layers is an important factor that affects their mechanical properties. Appropriately selecting the arrangement of honeycomb layers and the proportion of honeycomb layers with different structures in a composite honeycomb can effectively improve its load uniformity and control the magnitude of plateau stress and energy absorption capacity.     

Biaxial crushing of honeycombs: —Part 1: Experiments

The in-plane compression and crushing of honeycombs is known to be closely related to the crushing behavior of the broader class of space filling cellular solids. Previously, the authors conducted an extensive study of uniaxial crushing of a polycarbonate honeycomb with circular cells. In this paper the same honeycomb is crushed biaxially. The crushing was performed in a custom testing facility between rigid platens which can be moved independently in two orthogonal directions. The facility allows testing at various biaxiality ratios and volume reductions as high as 95%. The facility was used to conduct several series of biaxial crushing experiments on nearly square honeycomb specimens (18×21 cells) . In each experiment we recorded the true stress–displacement responses in the x- and y-directions as well as full field views of the deformation using a video camera. Biaxial crushing is quite complex and the prevalent mechanisms of collapse depend on the biaxiality ratio (γ) . As is the case in uniaxial crushing, the onset of collapse involves localized instabilities, however, the extent of localized deformation varies with γ. The energy absorption capacity of the material depends on γ. The highest energy is required when the specimen is crushed at the same rates in the two directions.     

Inertia effects on the progressive crushing of aluminium honeycombs under impact loading

This paper presents the test results under quasi-static and impact loadings for a series of aluminum honeycombs (3003 and 5052 alloys) of different cell sizes, showing significantly different enhancements of the crushing pressure between 3003 honeycombs and the 5052 ones. A comprehensive numerical investigation with rate insensitive constitutive laws is also performed to model the experimental results for different cell size/wall thickness/base material, which suggests that honeycomb crushing pressure enhancement under impact loading is mostly due to a structural effect.Such simulated tests provide detailed local information such as stress and strain fields (in the cell wall) during the whole crushing process of honeycombs. A larger strain (in the cell wall) under impact loading than for the quasi-static case before each successive folding of honeycombs is observed, because of the lateral inertia effect. Thus, differences of the ratios of the stress increase due to strain hardening over the yield stress between 3003 and 5052 alloys lead to the different enhancements of crushing pressure. This result illustrates that the lateral inertia effect in the successive folding of honeycombs is the main factor responsible for the enhancement of the crushing pressure under impact loading.