作用于离子型γ-氨基丁酸受体的异噁唑啉类杀寄生虫剂

离子型GABA受体是一类重要的杀虫剂靶标,异噁唑啉类化合物是作用于该靶标的一类新型杀虫（寄生虫）剂。基于异噁唑啉类衍生物高效的杀虫活性和出色的安全性,自首个该类杀寄生虫剂氟雷拉纳被发现后,阿福拉纳、沙罗拉纳、洛替拉纳和氟噁唑酰胺等化合物相继被报道。本文主要综述了异噁唑啉类化合物在杀虫剂领域的最新研究进展,重点在化学结构、杀虫活性、作用机制、生物代谢和安全性等方面进行了总结和评述,同时探讨了异噁唑啉类杀虫（寄生虫）剂在应用上的局限性,对该类化合物在农业病虫害防治的应用前景和发展趋势作了展望。     

异噁唑啉盐的合成及其应用

作为一类重要的有机合成中间体,异噁唑啉盐广泛地应用于具有生物活性化合物的制备.对异噁唑啉盐的结构、制备方法,及其作为多功能合成中间体,在N-甲基异噁唑烷、N-甲基氨基醇、N-甲基氨基多醇、α-氨基酸和β-氨基酸等重要化合物合成中的应用作了较详尽阐述,同时简单地介绍了新型N-取代异噁唑啉盐的合成及其应用.在对这些研究现状进行分析的基础上,对该研究领域下一步的发展方向进行了展望.     

2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成与表征

苯并噁唑啉酮和1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物具有多种生物活性,制备含有苯并噁唑啉酮结构的1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物非常有意义。本文以邻氨基苯酚和尿素为初始原料,经多步合成反应,制备了10个新的2-(芳甲酰氨基)-5-(2-苯并噁唑啉酮-3-甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑化合物(7a～7j),并利用IR、1H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征。     

烯丙基肟的环化反应合成异噁唑啉衍生物的研究进展

异噁唑啉是一类具有诸多生物学特性的杂环,是许多天然产物和生物活性化合物的关键结构骨架,有效的异噁唑啉合成方法已成为广泛的研究主题.描述了利用烯丙基肟合成各种官能化异噁唑啉的最新研究进展,其涉及在氧化剂存在下的自由基氧化/环化反应.这些反应通常使用容易获得的氧化剂和不同的金属或无金属作为催化剂,在中性反应条件下进行反应.     

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物主要包括聚合物支载噁唑烷酮、噁唑啉和硼杂噁唑啉等,其在不对称反应中主要用作手性助剂、手性催化剂及催化剂配体.由于其便于分离提纯、可以回收重复使用且立体选择性没有明显降低等优点在不对称反应中得到了广泛的应用.综述了近年来聚合物支载的噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用     

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物主要包括聚合物支载噁唑烷酮﹑噁唑啉和硼杂噁唑啉等, 其在不对称反应中主要用作手性助剂﹑手性催化剂及催化剂配体. 由于其便于分离提纯﹑可以回收重复使用且立体选择性没有明显降低等优点在不对称反应中得到了广泛的应用. 综述了近年来聚合物支载的噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用.     

Zn/Ni双金属接力催化:一锅法分子内环异构化/分子间酰胺化反应构建噁唑衍生物

报道了一种新型的Zn/Ni双金属接力协同催化的串联反应,该方法通过Zn（OTf）₂和Ni（ClO₄）₂·6H₂O协同接力催化,一锅法进行分子内环异构化/分子间酰胺化反应构建噁唑衍生物.产物的形成主要是由Zn（OTf）₂活化炔丙基酰胺的三键,发生分子内的环化反应构建噁唑啉中间体,由Ni（ClO₄）₂·6H₂O催化3-羟基-2-苯甲基-异吲哚啉-1-酮类化合物形成酰亚胺离子,继而由噁唑啉中间体与酰亚胺离子发生分子间酰胺化反应实现了噁唑分子的合成.优化部分的对比实验证实Zn（OTf）₂和Ni（ClO₄）₂·6H₂O的存在对于该串联反应都是必须条件.大体而言,所有反应都是将各反应物和试剂一次性加入,在空气氛围下100℃加热进行反应.含有不同类型给电子取代基、含有不同富电子的芳环、含有不同吸电子取代基的炔丙基酰胺都可以顺利地和3-羟基-2-苯甲基-异吲哚啉-1-酮反应得到相应的噁唑衍生物,相比而言,含有吸电子基团的炔丙基酰胺比含有给电子基团或富电子的炔丙基酰胺所得到的产物的收率要低一些,这可能是因为含有吸电子基团的炔丙基酰胺所得到的噁唑啉中间体活性较低.3-羟基-2-苯基异吲哚啉-1-酮类化合物、3-羟基-2-苯甲基异吲哚啉-1-酮类化合物和3-羟基-2-苯乙基异吲哚啉-1-酮类化合物对反应同样表现出了良好的兼容性.该方法反应条件简单、原子经济性高、官能团兼容性好,对噁唑衍生物合成和酰亚胺离子形成具有重要的意义.     

3-N-乙酰基-2-取代芳基-5-[5'-甲基-异噁唑-3']-Δ3-1,3,4－噁唑啉类化合物的合成

甲基-异噁唑甲酰肼;3-N-乙酰基-2-取代芳基-5-[5'-甲基-异噁唑-3']-Δ3-1;3;4－噁唑啉类化合物的合成     

5-磷酰基-3-芳基异噁唑啉的合成及结构表征

通过乙烯基膦酸酯与氧化腈的环加成反应,合成了一系列区域专一的异噁唑啉.化合物3c的单晶X衍射证实产物为5-磷酰基异噁唑啉.目标化合物结构经核磁、电喷雾质谱和元素分析表证,生物活性测试表明这些化合物具有一定的神经氨酸酶抑制活性.     

噁唑类化合物合成研究新进展

含N和O原子的噁唑环是十分重要的五元杂环,其特殊的结构使噁唑类化合物表现出许多独特的性能和生物活性,在医药、农药、材料等多方面具有广阔的潜在应用.因此,噁唑类化合物的合成备受关注,相关研究众多,发展迅速.根据我们唑类的研究工作,并参考国内外近5年文献,系统地综述了噁唑类化合物,包括噁唑、噁唑啉、噁唑烷酮、稠环噁唑类等的合成研究近况.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).