1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯制备的研究

采用贵金属钯系催化剂，以对苯二甲酸二甲酯为原料，低压加氢生成1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯。考察了温度、压力、液体空速、氢油比等对反应活性的影响，进行了200?h的催化剂寿命评价，并对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，随着温度和氢油比的升高，转化率明显提高，选择性变化较小；液体空速增大，转化率和选择性均降低，压力对转化率和选择性影响较小。在220 ℃,4.0 MPa的条件下，对苯二甲酸二甲酯的转化率大于95%，1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯的选择性大于94%，金属钯是该催化剂的主要活性中心。     

聚合条件对透明聚(1,4-环己烷二甲酸-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯)分子量的影响

采用1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)与1,4-环己烷二甲酸(CHDA)合成出了高透明全脂环族聚酯——聚(1,4-环己烷二甲酸-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯)(PCCD).研究了CHDM和CHDA的顺反异构体含量对PCCD结晶性能和光学性能的影响,结果表明当CHDA顺式异构体含量达到40%以上时,可以获得高透明无定型PCCD.3种钛系化合物包括钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、钛酸四异丙酯(TPT)和二氧化钛与二氧化硅复合物C-94用作反应的催化剂,结果以TBT的催化活性最好.TBT用量的增加可以使PCCD分子量小幅度增长.通过对生成物PCCD的分子量和特性黏数测试,分析了CHDM/CHDA初始摩尔比对PCCD的影响规律,随着CHDM/CHDA初始摩尔比的增加,PCCD的分子量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,NMR分析表明,CHDM的挥发性较低导致其只能稍微过量于CHDA,否则会残留于产物中影响分子量.最后研究了合成工艺包括缩聚时间和缩聚温度对PCCD的影响,其中PCCD分子量达到最大值所需要的缩聚时间随CHDM/CHDA初始摩尔比的增加而增加.当原料CHDM和CHDA的初始摩尔比为1.04∶1,催化剂TBT为30 mg/kg时,在275℃缩聚时间达到120 min后可以获得分子量最大的PCCD.     

次卟啉二甲酯钴络合物均相选择性催化氧化环己烷

以次卟啉二甲酯钴[Co(DPDME)]为仿生催化剂,分子氧（空气）为氧给体,无其它辅助催化剂的条件下研究了催化氧化环己烷的反应。考察了反应温度、空气压力、催化剂用量和卟啉配体结构对醇酮的产率及选择性的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下,次卟啉二甲酯钴的催化活性明显高于其它的钴卟啉催化剂。以次卟啉合钴为催化剂,浓度为0.015 mmol/L,反应温度423 K,在空气压强为0.8 MPa的条件下反应5 h,环己烷的转化率达到18.17％,选择性为87.43％。温度对次卟啉钴的催化活性影响较大,温度高于443 K时,催化剂的稳定性降低,但是其转化数仍达到了66 646。对次卟啉二甲酯钴催化空气氧化环己烷的反应路径作了初步探讨。     

Ru@G-CS催化剂的制备及在对苯二甲酸二甲酯加氢反应中的应用

采用一步热解法制备了一系列氮掺杂石墨烯包覆的Ru基催化剂(Ru@G-CS),并将该催化剂用于对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯(DMCD)的反应中。利用粉末X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对催化剂的组成、结构和表面形貌进行了表征。实验发现：Ru@G-CS(1∶4)催化剂具有最高的活性和优异的稳定性,在160℃、2.5 MPa、m_DMT/m_Ru=833的条件下,反应4 h后DMT的转化率可达100%,DMCD的选择性高于98.5%;且该催化剂的活性经10次循环使用后未见明显下降。表征结果表明,氮掺杂石墨烯骨架中的氮原子可以促进Ru的分散,而且与负载的Ru之间存在较强的相互作用,这种电子-结构的协同效应可能是Ru@G-CS(1∶4)催化剂表现出优异的活性和稳定性的主要原因。     

Pd-Cu/Fe_3O_4@C催化1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢的研究

1,4-丁烯二醇是一种高经济价值的精细化学品,1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢是制备1,4-丁烯二醇的有效途径。本文采用浸渍法制备了双金属磁性催化剂Pd-Cu/Fe_3O_4@C,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Pd/Cu物质的量比、反应温度、H2压力、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,在Pd/Cu物质的量之比1∶1、催化剂/底物为1∶90000、反应温度为50℃、H_2压力为4MPa、时间为25min的条件下,1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢的转化率和选择性分别达到了95.2%和98.3%。该催化剂不仅具有高催化活性和选择性,而且易与反应产物实现磁性分离,为该过程的工业化应用奠定了基础。     

Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯的合成及催化空气氧化环己烷应用

以氯化血红素为原料, 经过脱铁、酯化、催化加氢和络合金属得到仿生催化剂Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-二乙基次卟啉二甲酯. 在无其它外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下, 将其应用到催化空气氧化环己烷反应, 将实验结果同Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯催化氧化空气氧化环己烷的结果进行对照, 并对催化氧化的机理进行了初步研究. 实验结果表明, Co(Ⅱ)-3,8-双乙基次卟啉二甲酯克服了Co(Ⅱ)原卟啉二甲酯3,8-位乙烯基取代基不稳定的缺点, 能够很好催化空气氧化环己烷, 环己醇和环己酮的总收率达16.9%.     

Ru@G-CS催化剂的制备及在对苯二甲酸二甲酯加氢反应中的应用

采用一步热解法制备了一系列氮掺杂石墨烯包覆的Ru基催化剂(Ru@G-CS),并将该催化剂用于对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯(DMCD)的反应中。利用粉末X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对催化剂的组成、结构和表面形貌进行了表征。实验发现：Ru@G-CS (1∶4)催化剂具有最高的活性和优异的稳定性,在160℃、2.5 MPa、m_DMT/m_Ru=833的条件下,反应4 h后DMT的转化率可达100%,DMCD的选择性高于98.5%;且该催化剂的活性经10次循环使用后未见明显下降。表征结果表明,氮掺杂石墨烯骨架中的氮原子可以促进Ru的分散,而且与负载的Ru之间存在较强的相互作用,这种电子-结构的协同效应可能是Ru@G-CS (1∶4)催化剂表现出优异的活性和稳定性的主要原因。     

固载相转移催化剂催化合成1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-3,5-吡啶二甲酸二乙酯

采用三相相转移催化剂(四丁基溴化铵-聚苯乙烯树脂),以乙酰乙酸乙酯和六次甲基四胺为原料,合成了1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-3,5-吡啶二甲酸二乙酯,探讨了反应条件对产物收率的影响,并对产品结构进行了红外光谱及元素分析表征.     

金催化剂催化环己烷液相选择氧化研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列担载纳米金催化剂,用于催化环己烷液相选择氧化反应.在反应体系中没有加入任何溶剂或助催化剂,考察了反应温度、时间、压力和不同焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,催化剂在250℃焙烧和金含量为0.032%时,环己烷选择氧化可以达到10.8%的转化率和90.8%的目的产物(环己醇和环己酮)选择性,相应转化频率高达5.2×104.     

磷钨酸铜绿色催化合成缩醛(酮)及其催化活性测定

合成了绿色杂多酸盐催化剂磷钨酸铜;将环己酮、苯甲醛同乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇的缩合反应作为探针反应,测定了催化剂的催化活性,比较系统地考察了催化剂用量、物料配比、反应时间、带水剂用量等因素对反应产率的影响.结果表明:在底物醛(酮)用量0.2 mol、醛(酮)/乙二醇(1,2-丙二醇)摩尔比1.0/1.5、催化剂用量0.5 g、带水剂环己烷用量18 mL、一定温度下回流反应2.0 h,1,4-二氧螺[4,5]癸烷产率为83.3%,3-甲基-1,4-二氧螺[4,5]癸烷产率为89.7%,2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷产率为66.7%,4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷产率为78.5%.     

Novel amine-containing biodegradable polyester via copolymerization of aspartic anhydride and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol

A novel biodegradable polyester having pendant amine functional groups was snythesized from N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L -aspartic anhydride ( 2 ) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol ( 3 ) by polycondensation reaction using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The synthesized polymer 4 shows the characteristic ester carbonyl absorption peak at 1732 cm⁻¹ in the IR spectrum, and the NMR spectra were consistent with the IR data. Also, the elemental analysis showed that the experimental and calculated values were very close to each other. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymers ranged from 1140 to 5050 and increased with increasing reaction time. This new polymer would have the potential of a drug delivery biomaterial.     

New heterocyclic compounds derived from diethyl 2,5-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate and 2-aminobenzophenone

The synthesis and properties of a new class of heterocyclic compounds 5–8 derived from 2-aminobenzo-phenone and diethyl 2,5-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate were investigated.     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂的研究

燃料电池作为一种无污染、高效率的能源引起世界各大汽车公司的广泛关注[1,2]。用于燃料电池的燃料目前研究较多的是氢气,用氢气作燃料存在储存、安全、运输等问题,寻求合适贮氢方法或替代燃料,实现车载制氢是解决问题的办法。甲醇作为液体燃料,因具有高能量密度,低碳含量,以及运输和贮存等优势成为车载制氢的理想燃料,甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应也成为研究的热点[3～10]。车载制氢对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应体系中的产氢速率,氢气和CO的含量都有一定的要求。尤其对CO含量要求更为苛刻,因CO易引起燃料电池阳极催化剂中毒[11,12]。因此,开…     

Thermal degradation of polyurethanes based on xylylene diisocyanates

Polyurethanes derived from xylylene diisocyanates and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol were thermally degraded by using the techniques of thermogravimetry and pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure. Quantitative determination of the pyrolysis products such as CO₂, diamine, olefin, and starting diol showed that these polyurethanes follow the typical mechanism of degradation via dissociation into starting diol and diisocyanate. Kinetic parameters for the overall degradation reaction were determined using four different methods. The results showed the influence of the experimental technique used when making a comparison of the thermal stability of polymers, as determined by the kinetic parameters of the degradation reactions.     

Biodegradable polymers derived from aminoacids

Poly(amide-ester)s derived from five α-amino acid mixtures including glycine, DL-and L-alanines, DL- and L-phenylalanines, and three different diols including 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-butanediol and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol were synthesized by interfacial, solution and melt polymerizations. All of the polymers had Tg's ranging from −6 to 50°C. The incorporation of rigid trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in the main chain significantly increased the Tg of these polymers. The degree of crystallinity depended on the type of amino acid and decreased with the size of substituent on the α-carbon in the amino acid. Biodegradation of these polymers were tested semi-quantitatively by turbidity measurements. Enzymes used included subtilisin, pronase E, α-chymotrypsin, fusarium, and lipase. The incorporation of trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol unit slowed down degradation rate. Polymers containing L-amino acid generally degraded faster than the polymers containing DL-amino acids. Quantitative biodegradation testings using ninhydrin analysis, total organic analysis, and weight loss done on alanine derived polymers indicated that the degradation of the polymers by pronase E occurred at the ester bonds first and was specific against L-amino acid. The degradation was followed by slower amide bond degradation.     

A recyclable nanosize aminoarenethiolato copper(I) catalyst for C-C coupling reactions

An aminoarenethiolato copper(I) catalyst was attached to a carbosilane dendritic wedge, which had been prepared via a novel convergent synthetic method. Compared with the unsupported complex, this novel dendritic copper(I) catalyst is more robust towards hydrolysis and oxidation and has increased solubility in common organic solvents. The catalytic activity of the dendritic copper catalyst was tested in the 1,4-addition of Et₂Zn to 2-cyclohexenone. In both polar (Et₂O) and apolar (hexane) solvents excellent activity was observed. The fact that the catalytic copper site remains attached to the nanosize dendritic aminoarenethiolate ligand allows separation of this catalyst by means of nanofiltration.     

Synthesis of soluble quinacridones

The synthesis of 4,11-dialkylthioquinacridones and 5,12-dialkyl-4,11-dialkylthioquinacridone from o-alkylthioanilines and diethyl 2,5-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate is described. These compounds are easily soluble in organic solvents in contrast to unsubstituted quinacridone.     

Thermotropic copolyesters. II. Synthesis and characterization of copolyesters containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene mesogenic unit

Random copolyesters based on 1,4-benzenedimethanol, trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanedimethanol as spacers in ratios of 2 : 3 of the mesogenic group, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-1,4-diol were prepared and characterized. The copolyesters containing the 1,4-benzenedimethanol moiety formed a more brightly colored birefringent fluid in the melt.