离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定奶粉中的硒形态

采用离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定奶粉中的硒形态。奶粉样品经乙酸沉淀蛋白,流动相提取。选用Hamilton PRP X-100阴离子柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以5mmol·L-1柠檬酸、10mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.1%(体积分数)三氟乙酸为流动相(pH 5.2),8min内实现了硒酸盐[Se(Ⅵ)]、亚硒酸盐[Se(Ⅳ)]、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)和硒代胱氨酸[(SeCys)2]等4种硒形态的基线分离。方法的检出限在0.03~0.10μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在25.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~7.8%之间。     

微晶二苯甲酮富集分光光度法测定水中无机硒形态和食品中总硒

建立了微晶二苯甲酮富集分光光度法测定水中无机硒形态和食品中总硒的新方法。Se(Ⅳ)和3,3’-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)反应生成的苤硒脑络合物能被二苯甲酮微晶吸附富集,微晶用乙醇复溶后在430 nm处测定,试样经氢溴酸将Se(Ⅵ)还原成Se(Ⅳ)后可测定总硒并计算Se(Ⅵ)的含量。最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为1.0~120μg/L,r=0.9995,检出限0.18μg/L。水样中无机Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的回收率在96.6%~99.0%之间,食品中总硒的回收率在97.0%~102.5%之间。     

离子交换色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水产品中硒的形态

建立了利用离子交换色谱-原子荧光联用技术同时测定水产品中3种硒形态的方法,研究了仪器的工作条件、载流、KBH4浓度对硒荧光信号值的影响。采用Hamilton PRP X-100色谱柱(250×4.1 mm,10μm),以30 mmol/L NH4H2PO4为流动相,可以在10 min内同时分离、检测了硒代胱氨酸SeCys、硒代蛋氨酸SeMet和Se(Ⅳ)。当3种形态的质量浓度范围为0~80μg/L时,各形态均得到良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9990,各形态的检出限分别为SeCys 1.66μg/L,SeMet 0.91μg/L,Se(Ⅳ)1.10μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%(n=11)。在最佳条件下,应用该方法测定了水产品中的硒形态,3种硒形态化合物加标回收率在87.3%~102.6%之间。方法可满足水产品中硒形态的定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人尿中硒形态

采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP/MS)测定人尿中硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)、亚硒酸盐[Se(Ⅳ)]、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、硒酸盐[Se(Ⅵ)]5种硒形态。样品经超纯水稀释后,采用Hamilton PRP-X100色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm,10μm)分离,以40 mmol/L磷酸氢二铵(含1%甲醇,pH 5)为流动相进行等度洗脱,13 min内可将5种硒形态分离。5种硒形态的线性范围为0～300.0μg/L,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,检出限为0.2～0.5μg/L。除SeCys_2的加标回收率为37.7%～70.4%外,MeSeCys、Se(Ⅳ)、SeMet、Se(Ⅵ)的加标回收率为80.0%～123%;5种硒形态的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于7.8%。应用该方法测定实际样品,结果显示人尿中硒形态主要以SeCys_2为主,同时含有少量MeSeCys、SeMet、无机硒及未知含硒化合物。     

液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定富硒酵母中硒的形态

建立了富硒酵母中硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、亚硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)和硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(SeMeCys)4种硒形态的高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(HPLC-HG-AFS)分析方法。样品采用蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解提取,20 mmol/L(NH4)2HPO4为流动相,经PRP-X100阴离子交换色谱柱分离后HG-AFS测定。结果显示,4种硒形态标准曲线的线性关系良好(R2≥0.9995),方法检出限为0.5~5.0μg/kg,平均回收率为82.5%~101.2%,日内相对标准偏差≤8.6%,日间相对标准偏差≤14.5%。本方法前处理简单、灵敏度高、设备便宜、运行费用低廉,适用于富硒饲料产品中硒的形态分析。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定淡水中7种元素形态的含量

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定淡水中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]、一甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)、亚硒酸盐[Se(Ⅳ)]、硒酸盐[Se(Ⅵ)]和六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]的方法。采用以不同体积比的pH 8.7的20mmol·L-1硝酸铵溶液和pH 8.7的60mmol·L-1硝酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过优化的色谱条件实现了7种元素形态在14min完成色谱分离,氯化物对75 As、77 Se、53 Cr无干扰。7种元素形态在一定范围内呈线性,As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA、DMA、Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.06,0.02,0.04,0.05,1.00,1.00,0.20μg·L-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为80.1%~101%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.59%~5.2%。     

离子交换分离富集HG-AFS法测定土壤水溶态Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)

选用D296阴离子交换树脂分离富集土壤水溶态无机硒,研究了分离富集Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的实验条件。分别用体积分数为0.1%和10%HCl洗脱土壤水溶态Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ),然后用HG AFS对其进行测定,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的RSD(n=7)分别为4 3%和1.4%,检出限分别为0.22μg L和0.13μg L。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定果汁饮品中砷、硒与铬元素的无机形态

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术同时测定果汁饮品中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ) 6种元素无机形态的方法。样品经超声提取后,加入EDTA溶液,采用C8色谱柱分离,以0. 1 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵+0. 1 mmol/L乙酸铵+10%甲醇为流动相等度洗脱,ICP-MS测定。选用DRC模式消除干扰,保证了测定的准确性。上述6种元素无机形态的方法检出限分别为0. 34、0. 20、0. 50、0. 40、0. 82、0. 90μg/L,回收率为79. 5%~112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5. 0%。应用该法检测实际样品,其中苹果汁未检出该6种形态;蓝莓汁检出Cr(Ⅲ)、Se(Ⅳ),含量分别为0. 007、0. 015 mg/kg;杂粮汁检出3种形态,含量为0. 008~0. 034 mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定食品中7种硒形态

采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用技术同时测定食品中7种硒形态。样品均质后先用水超声萃取2 h,离心分离后,采用ZORBAX SB-Aq C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以20 mmol/L柠檬酸+5 mmol/L已烷磺酸钠(pH=4.4)为流动相等度洗脱,Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys2)、甲基硒代半胱氨酸(SeMeCys)、硒脲(SeUr)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、硒代乙硫氨酸(SeEt)7种硒形态在10 min内达到完全分离。7种硒形态化合物的质量浓度在2.5～100.0μg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为0.005 mg/kg。加标回收率在71.9%～116.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.62%～18.48%之间。该方法精密度及准确度高,重现性好,适用于食品中上述7种硒形态化合物的同时快速测定。     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒食品中5种形态硒的含量

提出了将高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法应用于富硒食品中硒的形态分析。选择木瓜蛋白酶(PP)作为提取剂,在如下优化条件下对样品中5种形态硒进行提取:(1)料液比1g/40mL;(2)50.0g·L~(-1) PP溶液加入量20mL;(3)于60℃水浴中振荡提取8h。提取液冷却并离心后取其上清液,用Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱作为固定相,35mmol·L~(-1)磷酸氢二铵溶液(pH 6.0)作为流动相进行高效液相色谱的分离,5种形态硒[Se(Ⅵ)、Se(Ⅳ)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)和硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)]在16 min内完全分离。将分离所得分别含有5种形态硒的溶液先后引入仪器进行氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定。结果表明:5种形态硒的质量浓度均在5~100μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,5种形态硒的检出限(3S/N)为0.39~1.18μg·L~(-1)。按所提出方法对富硒大米样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,测得回收率为80.2%~118%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%~8.2%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.