氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑

建立氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法联用测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑的方法。试样用稀硝酸溶解,用5%抗坏血酸溶液作为砷(Ⅴ)、锑(Ⅴ)的预还原剂,5%的硫脲溶液作为其它元素的掩蔽剂,选用1%硼氢化钠溶液作为还原剂,氢化物反应在10%盐酸介质中进行。在优化的试验条件下,砷、锑的质量浓度在0~20 ng/m L范围内与吸光度线性相关,相关系数r2分别为砷0.999 6,锑0.993 8,方法的检出限分别为砷0.40 ng/m L,锑0.75 ng/m L。砷、锑测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.96%,6.27%(n=6),铅粉样品加标回收率分别为砷87.6%,锑79.3%。该方法准确可靠,可用于测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑。     

用萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海带中的无机砷

利用无机砷在强酸性下能溶于氯仿,在弱酸性下能溶于水的特点,将其与其他干扰物质分离,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海带中的无机砷.利用9mol/L HCl溶解海带样品后用三氯甲烷萃取其中的无机砷,再反萃取于1 mol/L HCl溶液中,干燥-消化后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中无机砷的含量.重要干扰物-二甲基亚砷酸不会被同时萃取,方法的回收率在80%以上.     

快速消解–原子荧光光谱法测定大米中总砷

建立快速消解–原子荧光光谱测定大米中砷含量的方法。以硫脲、抗坏血酸的质量浓度均为10 g/L的硫脲–抗坏血酸–盐酸溶液为掩蔽还原剂、10 g/L硼氢化钾溶液溶液为还原剂、盐酸溶液(5+95)为载流,在优化的仪器工作条件下,采用原子荧光光谱法测定,用标准曲线法定量。砷的质量浓度在0.00～10.00 g/L范围内与荧光强度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.7 ng/g。用所建方法对大米样品进行测定,加标回收率为92.1%～104.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.27%～2.35%(n=5);对两种大米有证标准物质进行测定,测定值均在标准值不确定度范围内,相对误差分别为6.7%和8.3%。该方法精密度、准确度均满足分析要求。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定头发样品中的硒

利用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定头发样品中微量硒元素。将头发样品用高氯酸–硝酸混酸(体积比为1∶3)消化,样品中各种形态的硒元素均被转化为Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)。在6 mol/L盐酸中,Se(Ⅵ)被还原为Se(Ⅳ)后导入氢化物发生原子荧光仪进行测定,硒的质量浓度在0~20 ng/m L与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.021 8 ng/m L,加标回收率为95%~108%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.8%(n=5)。该法简便、快速、准确,适于头发中微量硒元素的测定。     

氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法同时测定锌锭中砷和锑

建立用氢化物发生–原子荧光光度计同时测定锌锭样品中砷和锑含量的方法。采用硝酸一次溶样,加入酒石酸防止锑水解。加入硫脲–抗坏血酸混合溶液作为还原剂和掩蔽剂,消除干扰元素的影响,对实验条件进行了优化。砷和锑的负高压分别为220,200 V,灯电流分别为80,60 mA,还原剂为1%硼氢化钾溶液(含0.5%KOH),载流为10%盐酸溶液,还原时间为30 min。测定砷的线性范围为0~80 ng/mL,相关系数r=0.999 8,检出限为0.35μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.18%(n=11);测定锑的线性范围为0~80 ng/mL,相关系数r=0.999 6,检出限为0.42μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.32%(n=11),砷和锑的加标回收率在97.46%~100.30%之间。用该方法对标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符。该方法基体干扰少,灵敏度高,适合于锌锭中砷和锑的日常测定。     

干法消解–氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定颗粒饲料中的铅

建立了干法消解–氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定颗粒饲料中铅含量的方法。优化的实验条件:铁氰化钾含量为0.4%,草酸含量为0.04%,硼氢化钠–氢氧化钠溶液含量为2.0%,盐酸溶液(1∶1)的加入量为0.8 m L。铅的质量浓度在10~140μg/L范围内与荧光强度线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.999 7,方法检出限为4.2μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.06%~1.87%(n=10),加标回收率为95.6%~98.9%。该方法测定结果准确,灵敏度高,可用于颗粒饲料中铅含量的检测。     

微波消解–原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟中的砷

采用微波消解、氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定烟丝、过滤材料和接装纸样品中的砷,确定了样品前处理的最佳条件与仪器测定条件。砷浓度在0～40 ng/mL之间时,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数大于0.999,砷的检出限为1 ng/g。通过测定国家标准物质和加标回收试验进行了方法验证,精密度和准确度均能满足样品的测试要求。在试验条件下,测定样品中砷的加标回收率为92%～102%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4.0%(n=5)。     

密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中的汞和砷

建立了密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中痕量汞和砷的分析方法。采用密闭罐溶解复杂基体中药样品,进行易挥发元素分析的样品前处理,技术简单,快速,能耗低。汞和砷的质量浓度分别在0~10μg/L和0~200μg/L范围内与荧光强度成线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.99。汞、砷的检出限分别为0.014,0.086μg/L;测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4.67%(n=5);加标回收率分别为99.0%~106.4%,95.2%~101.7%。该方法操作简便,可用于中药中汞、砷元素的质量控制。     

原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷

玩具材料和玩具部件按《玩具安全》(GB6675—2014)规定的程序制样和用盐酸提取后,加入硫脲-抗坏血酸将提取溶液中砷预还原为适合氢化物发生的价态As(Ⅲ),再加入硼氢化钾使其还原成砷氢化物,建立了原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷含量的方法。方法的检出限为0.017mg/kg,多种代表性玩具材料的砷元素加标回收率在94.4%~104%。方法适用于各种玩具材料中可迁移砷的分析。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱测定反应香精中的砷和汞

建立了用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法连续测定反应香精中的汞和砷.考察了样品前处理方法和仪器参数对实验结果的影响.实验确定反应香精样品的微波消解试剂为硝酸:过氧化氢=6:2(V/V)、最高消解温度为210℃、消解时间为25 min为最佳前处理条件;原子荧光的还原剂为20 g/L硼氢化钾,载流液为5%盐酸.方法测定汞的回收率为99.2%～110.O%,砷的回收率为96.5%～113.1%.在最优化的条件下对9种反应香精样品进行测定,其中砷和汞的含量均未超过国家标准.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.