塑料食品接触材料样品前处理与检测技术研究进展

塑料食品接触材料是食品接触材料类别中最常见的一种材料,其本身可能含有的潜在化学危害物质在与食品接触过程中发生吸收、溶解、扩散等迁移行为,进而造成食品污染,危害食品质量安全。采用适宜的样品前处理和检测技术对迁移物进行鉴别分析是塑料食品接触材料安全所面临的巨大挑战。该文就塑料食品接触材料的样品前处理技术和仪器分析技术进行了综述,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景,旨在为从事塑料食品接触材料质量安全研究和检测的技术人员提供技术参考。     

超高效液相色谱法测定聚乙烯类食品接触材料中8种添加剂

食品接触材料中添加剂残留量的测定为食品接触材料从源头进行安全监管具有重要意义.然而目前的大多数研究只针对食品接触材料中有害物迁移量的测定,对于食品接触材料中有害物含量的测定方法仅局限于残留单体、低聚体、重金属,以及邻苯二甲酸酯类、双酚类化合物等环境污染物,对食品接触材料中添加剂残留量的测定较少.该研究系统地优化了样品前...     

警惕食品包装材料着色剂迁移

<正>江苏常州检验检疫局食品接触材料国家重点实验室在对有色塑料饭盒、塑料杯等食品接触材料进行检测时,发现部分样品存在着色剂迁移(脱色)的现象,从而造成了食品或食品模拟物染色的现象。着色剂主要分为有机着色剂和无机着色剂。部分无机着色剂含有毒性较大的重金属,特别是汞、镉、铅、铬等。有机着色剂也常会分解一些致癌、致突变等有机毒害物质,如一些偶氮染料会裂解释放苯胺、联苯胺之类的致癌芳香胺。     

欧盟明年执行与食品接触的塑料新法规

最近,从国家质检总局标准法规中心了解到,欧盟已决定将适用于若干类与食品接触的塑料的特定迁移限值过渡期延长,其中包括盖子垫圈中的若干类塑化剂。特定迁移限值是指材料与接触时迁移进入食品的限量。有关与食品接触的塑料及塑料产品的欧盟法规（经修订的第2002／72／EC号指令）将禁止若干类材料与食品接触,并批准使用多类其它材料。获批准的材料须符合特定的使用条件及特定迁移限值。     

食品接触用再生塑料的非有意添加物和鉴别技术研究进展

随着塑料废弃物导致的环境污染加重,塑料的回收利用备受关注。食品接触用再生塑料逐渐成为关注的重点,再生塑料中非有意添加物的安全性是将其用作食品接触材料的关键所在。为了避免不合规的再生塑料流入食品接触材料市场,危害消费者的健康安全,再生塑料的鉴别技术显得非常重要。该文首先对再生塑料中非有意添加物的研究进行总结,并重点概述了国内外对原生和再生塑料的鉴别技术,如质谱技术、光谱技术和热分析技术;近年来化学计量学方法也逐渐被用于再生塑料鉴别领域,提高了再生塑料的鉴别效率和准确率。     

超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定塑料食品接触材料中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂的特定迁移量

建立了超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱同时测定塑料食品接触材料中多种光稳定剂和抗氧化剂特定迁移量的方法。采用30 g/L乙酸、体积分数分别为10%、20%、50%的乙醇和油类模拟物(异辛烷)这5种食品模拟物对塑料食品接触材料进行处理,对处理液进行超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析,外标法定量。该方法测定的40种目标化合物在相应的范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,定量限为0.01~1.00μg/L。考察了上述5种食品模拟物中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂的特定迁移量,平均加标回收率为81.46%~94.53%,相对标准偏差为3.25%~9.99%。应用该方法对市售塑料食品接触材料进行了测定,结果在部分样品中检出了不同含量的光稳定剂和抗氧化剂。该方法灵敏度高,定量限低,满足塑料食品接触材料中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂特定迁移量的检测要求。     

食品接触材料两项国家标准通过审查

由天津质检院主持完成的《食品接触材料用油墨中多溴联苯、多溴联苯醚的测定》和《食品接触材料用胶粘剂中重金属的测定》两项国家标准,不久前分别通过了中国标准化研究院和全国胶粘剂标准化技术委员会组织的专家审查。     

欧盟发布塑料食品接触材料新法规

欧盟委员会于2011年1月15日在其官方公报上发布了塑料食品接触材料的新法规,对用于食品接触材料中的塑料材料提出了要求。新的法规包括一系列规定,并决定于2011年2月4日生效。最早的产品应用将于2011年5月1日开始。按照法规性质,欧盟并未强制要求成员国将其转化为国家法律。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定塑料制品中的铜和铅

铅等重金属的化合物常用作塑料的稳定剂。由于铅等重金属对人体有害,因此研究塑料制品中铅、铜含量对人体健康的影响是环境卫生学急待解决的问题。本文介绍的方法中,0.5M HCl既作为干法灰化塑料残渣的溶解液,同时又是测定铜、     

高效液相色谱法检测塑料食品接触材料中的双氰胺

建立了使用高效液相色谱法检测塑料食品接触材料中双氰胺的分析方法.采用4％乙酸提取样品、色谱柱分离、紫外检测器检测、外标法定量测定双氰胺残留.双氰胺在质量浓度为0.1 ～5.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9996.双氰胺的最低仪器检出限为5μg/L,方法的定量下限为0.40mg/kg,样品加标的回收率在94.4％ ～ 98.0％之间,相对标准偏差小于1.0％.该方法具有样品处理简单方便、灵敏度高、分析时间短等优点,可以满足塑料食品接触材料中双氰胺残留的测定,并为进出口塑料餐具中双氰胺残留量的检验提供依据.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。