OPTIMAL PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE WITH CONSTANT DIVIDEND BARRIER

In this article, we consider an optimal proportional reinsurance with constant dividend barrier. First, we derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation satisfied by the expected discounted dividend payment, and then get the optimal stochastic control and the optimal constant barrier. Secondly, under the optimal constant dividend barrier strategy, we consider the moments of the discounted dividend payment and their explicit expressions are given. Finally, we discuss the Laplace transform of the time of ruin and its explicit expression is also given.     

具有红利边界的Erlang（2）风险模型

给出了具有边界红利策略的Erlang（2）风险模型,在此红利策略下,若保险公司的盈余在红利线以下时不支付红利,否则红利以低于保费率的常速率予以支付．对于该模型,本文推导了Gerber-Shiu折现惩罚函数所满足的两个积分－微分方程和更新方程．     

On optimality of the barrier strategy for the classical risk model with interest

In this paper, we consider the optimal dividend problem for a classical risk model with a constant force of interest. For such a risk model, a sufficient condition under which a barrier strategy is the optimal strategy is presented for general claim distributions. When claim sizes are exponentially distributed, it is shown that the optimal dividend policy is a barrier strategy and the maximal dividend-value function is a concave function. Finally, some known results relating to the distribution of aggregate dividends before ruin are extended.     

常数红利下索赔到达时间间距为混合分布的罚金折现期望函数

在常数红利策略下考虑索赔时间间隔为指数分布与Erlang(2)分布混合时的风险模型,在此红利策略下,若保险公司的盈余在红利线以下时不支付红利,否则红利以等于保费率的常速率予以支付.对于此风险模型,推导并求解了罚金折现期望函数所满足的微积分方程,并在索赔量为指数分布时研究了其解的形式.     

On optimal periodic dividend strategies in the dual model with diffusion

The dual model with diffusion is appropriate for companies with continuous expenses that are offset by stochastic and irregular gains. Examples include research-based or commission-based companies. In this context, Bayraktar et al. (2013a) show that a dividend barrier strategy is optimal when dividend decisions are made continuously. In practice, however, companies that are capable of issuing dividends make dividend decisions on a periodic (rather than continuous) basis.In this paper, we consider a periodic dividend strategy with exponential inter-dividend-decision times and continuous monitoring of solvency. Assuming hyperexponential gains, we show that a periodic barrier dividend strategy is the periodic strategy that maximizes the expected present value of dividends paid until ruin. Interestingly, a ‘liquidation-at-first-opportunity’ strategy is optimal in some cases where the surplus process has a positive drift. Results are illustrated.     

扩散风险模型下再保险和投资对红利的影响

对扩散风险模型,研究了比例再保险和投资对红利的影响．在常数边界分红策略下,得到了使得期望贴现红利最大的最优比例再保险和投资策略的显示表达式,并得到最大期望贴现红利的显示表达式．最后,通过数值计算得到了再保险和投资对期望红利的影响,以及最优投资策略与各参数之间的关系．     

Optimality of the threshold dividend strategy for the compound Poisson model

In this paper, we consider the optimal dividend problem for the compound Poisson risk model. We assume that dividends are paid to the shareholders according to an admissible strategy with dividend rate bounded by a constant. Our objective is to find a dividend policy so as to maximize the expected discounted value of dividends until ruin. We give sufficient conditions under which the optimal strategy is of threshold type.     

Classical Risk Model with Threshold Dividend Strategy

In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the strong Markov property of the surplus process and the distribution of the deficit in classical risk model, the survival probability for this model is derived, which is more direct than that in Asmussen（2000, P195, Proposition 1.10）. The occupation time of non-dividend of this model is also discussed by means of Martingale method.     

Optimal dividends and bankruptcy procedures: Analysis of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process

This paper investigates the impact of bankruptcy procedures on optimal dividend barrier policies. We specifically focus on Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code, which allows a firm in default to continue its business for a certain period of time. Our model is based on the surplus of a firm that earns investment income at a constant rate of credit interest when it is in a creditworthy condition. The firm pays a debit interest rate that depends on the deficit level when it is in financial distress. Thus, the surplus follows an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process with a negative surplus-dependent mean-reverting rate. Default and liquidation are modeled as distinguishable events by using an excursion time or occupation time framework. This paper demonstrates how the optimal dividend barrier can be obtained by deriving a closed-form solution for the dividend value function. It also characterizes the distributional property and expectation of bankruptcy time subject to the bankruptcy procedure. Our numerical examples show that under an optimal dividend barrier strategy, the bankruptcy procedure may not prolong the expected bankruptcy time in some situations.     

常利率风险模型下T-A目标函数的最大化

本文研究了带常利率扩散风险模型,考虑了下面的目标函数V(x,L)=E(integral from n=0 toτe~(-βt)dL_t+integral from n=0 toτe~(-βt)∧dt|R_0~L=x),这里常数∧≥0.我们称上面的表达式为T-A(Thonhauser and Albrecher)目标函数.对于常利率下的扩散模型,通过随机控制理论(HJB方程),T-A目标函数的最大化问题得以解决:对于有界分红率,最优策略是门槛策略;对于无界分红率,最优策略是边界策略.     

Optimal dividends and bankruptcy procedures: Analysis of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process

This paper investigates the impact of bankruptcy procedures on optimal dividend barrier policies. We specifically focus on Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code, which allows a firm in default to continue its business for a certain period of time. Our model is based on the surplus of a firm that earns investment income at a constant rate of credit interest when it is in a creditworthy condition. The firm pays a debit interest rate that depends on the deficit level when it is in financial distress. Thus, the surplus follows an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with a negative surplus-dependent mean-reverting rate. Default and liquidation are modeled as distinguishable events by using an excursion time or occupation time framework. This paper demonstrates how the optimal dividend barrier can be obtained by deriving a closed-form solution for the dividend value function. It also characterizes the distributional property and expectation of bankruptcy time subject to the bankruptcy procedure. Our numerical examples show that under an optimal dividend barrier strategy, the bankruptcy procedure may not prolong the expected bankruptcy time in some situations.     

带常数边界的平衡更新风险模型的破产问题

本文讨论带常数边界的平衡更新风险模型的破产问题.利用Markov性质,给出惩罚函数满足的积分-微分方程,证明其惩罚函数可由更新风险模型的惩罚函数表示,并且给出一个具体的例子.     

Statistical estimation for some dividend problems under the compound Poisson risk model

In this paper, we consider some dividend problems in the classical compound Poisson risk model under a constant barrier dividend strategy. Suppose that the Poisson intensity for the claim number process and the distribution for the individual claim sizes are both unknown. We use the COS method to study the statistical estimation for the expected present value of dividend payments before ruin and the expected discounted penalty function. The convergence rates under large sample setting are derived. Some simulation results are also given to show effectiveness of the estimators under finite sample setting.     

复合Poisson模型中“双界限”分红问题

引入了复合Poisson模型中的"双界限"分红模型,在这种模型中,当盈余超过上限时分红以不超过保费率的速率付出,低于下限后保费率增大.文中利用Gerber- Shiu函数来分析这种模型,先导出了Gerber-Shiu函数m_1,m_2,m_3满足的积分-微分方程,再给出m_1,m_2,m_3的解析表示,最后通过几步把Gerber-Shiu函数m(u;b_1,b)的解析式表示出来.     

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??In this paper, we consider the optimal dividend problem in the spectrally positive L\'{e}vy model with regime switching. By an auxiliary optimal problem, the principle of dynamic programming and the fluctuation theory of L\'{e}vy processes, we show that optimal strategy is a modulated barrier strategy. The value function and the optimal dividend barrier are obtained by iteration.     

Alternative approach to the optimality of the threshold strategy for spectrally negative Lévy processes

Consider the optimal dividend problem for an insurance company whose uncontrolled surplus precess evolves as a spectrally negative Levy process. We assume that dividends are paid to the shareholders according to admissible strategies whose dividend rate is bounded by a constant. The objective is to find a dividend policy so as to maximize the expected discounted value of dividends which are paid to the shareholders until the company is ruined. In this paper, we show that a threshold strategy （also called refraction strategy） forms an optimal strategy under the condition that the Levy measure has a completely monotone density.     

Dividend-reinsurance strategy in the Sparre Andersen model

In this paper, we introduce a reinsurance strategy into the Sparre Andersen risk model with a horizon dividend barrier, which is named dividend-reinsurance strategy. It is shown that the value function of the new strategy far exceeds that of the optimal barrier strategy (even that of the optimal dividend strategy). Some results on the advantages of the new strategy are obtained, and the methods for computing the value functions are provided. Numerical illustrations for Erlang (2) and compound Poisson risk models are also given.     

Dividend maximization under consideration of the time value of ruin

In the Cramér-Lundberg model and its diffusion approximation, it is a classical problem to find the optimal dividend payment strategy that maximizes the expected value of the discounted dividend payments until ruin. One often raised disadvantage of this approach is the fact that such a strategy does not take the lifetime of the controlled process into account. In this paper we introduce a value function which considers both expected dividends and the time value of ruin. For both the diffusion model and the Cramér-Lundberg model with exponential claim sizes, the problem is solved and in either case the optimal strategy is identified, which for unbounded dividend intensity is a barrier strategy and for bounded dividend intensity is of threshold type.     

Dividend optimization for jump–diffusion model with solvency constraints

Belhaj (2010) established that a barrier strategy is optimal for the dividend problem under jump–diffusion model. However, if the optimal dividend barrier level is set too low, then the bankruptcy probability may be too high to be acceptable. This paper aims to address this issue by taking the solvency constrain into consideration. Precisely, we consider a dividend payment problem with solvency constraint under a jump–diffusion model. Using stochastic control and PIDE, we derive the optimal dividend strategy of the problem.     

The Risk Model with Interest,Liquid Reserves and a Constant Dividend Barrier

In this paper, we consider the compound Poisson surplus model with interest, liquid reserves and a constant dividend barrier. When the surplus of an insurer is below a fixed level, the surplus is kept as liquid reserves, which does not earn interest. When the surplus attains the level, the surplus will receive interest at a constant rate. When the surplus hits another fixed higher lever, the excess of the surplus over this higher level will be distributed to the shareholders as dividends. We derive a system of integro-differential equations for the Gerber-Shiu discounted penalty function and obtain the solutions to these integro-differential equations. In the case where the claim sizes are exponential distributed, we get the exact solutions of zero discounted Gerber-Shiu function. We also get the integro-differential equation for the expectation of the discounted dividends until ruin which is the key to discuss the optimal dividend barrier. And we give the exact solution in the special case with exponential claim sizes.