Surface electromagnetic waves at the interface between a homogeneous medium and a system of coupled waveguides

An analysis is made of the experimental investigations of the surface waves existing at the interface between a homogeneous medium and a periodically stratified medium that represents a bounded system of coupled waveguides. It is shown that, in all cases of the observation of surface waves, the bounded system of coupled waveguides has its own spectrum of guided modes and a spectrum of leaky modes that become surface waves of the system. It is also demonstrated that a biosensor can successfully operate when two surface waves serve as leaky modes of a Bragg waveguide in which the periodic system of waveguides is used as a distributed Bragg mirror of this waveguide. A structure supporting surface waves is designed on the basis of ten pairs of Nb₂O₅-SiO₂ layers and implemented experimentally. The surface waves are detected with a K8 glass prism according to the Kretschmann scheme.     

Specific features of magnetoacoustic waves in Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>BO<Subscript>6</Subscript>

The specific features of magnetoacoustic waves propagating in an orthorhombic antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism, namely, the Fe₃BO₆ orthoborate, are investigated experimentally in the vicinity of the spontaneous, first-order orientational phase transition. It is revealed that, at the phase transition point, the amplitude of active acoustic waves interacting with spin waves increases significantly. A phenomenological theory of magnetoelastic waves in orthoferrites is proposed. This theory allows for an intermediate domain structure existing in the range of a first-order orientational phase transition and offers a satisfactory explanation of the experimentally observed anomaly in the amplitude of active acoustic waves.     

高频引力波对环形波导中电磁波的调制作用

讨论了垂直入射的、频率为ω_g的平面高频引力波对环形波导管中频率为ω_e的电磁波的调制作用．一般情况下，在波导管中与引力波传播方向垂直的对称平面附近，电磁波的能流密度会出现三种新的频率成分（2ω_e±ω_g）和ω_g．在ω_g》ω_e时，能流密度振幅的相对调制量与引力波的无量纲振幅h₀数量级相同．特别是当ω_g，ω_e和电磁波绕波导传播的绕行频率ω₀满足关系ω_g＝2ω_e》ω₀时，由于类似于共振的机制，能流密度会出现比h₀大几个数量级的振幅相对调制量．这个结果不会由于参数的微小改变而消失，这对于探测极微弱的引力辐射信号将是十分重要的 关键词：     

Propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a quantum electron-positron-ion plasma

This paper discusses the existence of ion-acoustic solitary waves and their interaction in a dense quantum electron-positron-ion plasma by using the quantum hydrodynamic equations.The extended Poincar’e-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method is used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries equations for quantum ion-acoustic solitary waves in this plasma.The effects of the ratio of positrons to ions unperturbation number density p and the quantum diffraction parameter H e (H p) on the newly formed wave during interaction,and the phase shift of the colliding solitary waves are studied.It is found that the interaction between two solitary waves fits linear superposition principle and these plasma parameters have significantly influence on the newly formed wave and phase shift of the colliding solitary waves.The investigations should be useful for understanding the propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary waves in dense astrophysical plasmas (such as white dwarfs) as well as in intense laser-solid matter interaction experiments.     

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in conducting graphene-like carbon nanoallotropes

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in graphene-like conducting carbon crystals with the (C)_4ν and (C)_6ν symmetries is studied. It is demonstrated that only TM waves can exist in such crystals. The comparative analysis of such waves in different structures is performed. It is shown that the structures under study are superior to classical graphene with respect to excitation of electromagnetic waves.     

具有密度跃层分层流体中回转体激发内波特性实验

在具有连续密度跃层的分层流体中,对长径比为7:1的回转体在迎水和背水运动下激发体积效应与尾迹效应内波特性开展了系列实验.结果表明,体积效应激发内波属于一种相对于回转体定常的多模态Lee波结构,而尾迹效应激发主控内波为相对于回转体非定常的拟Lee波结构,这是一类由湍流尾迹中大尺度相干结构作为移动源激发的内波结构,在Lee波与拟Lee波之间存在一个与长径比近似为线性关系的临界转捩Froude数Fr_c,当FrFr_c 时拟Lee波为主控内波,而且拟Lee波相关速度Froude数近似为一个常数0.8,其无因次峰-峰幅值随Fr的增大近似线性增大,其中Fr为回转体特征直径Froude数.结果还表明,回转体头部与尾部几何形式并不影响其激发内波临界转捩Froude数Fr_c、 拟Lee波相关速度Froude数及其峰-峰幅值变化特性.     

Ion sound wave excitation in a plasma under a Langmuir turbulence regime

Ion sound wave excitation in a warm non-relativistic (W_b ≤ 400 eV) electron beam unmagnetized plasma system is studied experimentally. The spectrum of these waves shows two peaks at frequencies of 70 and 230 kHz respectively. The origin of these waves is connected with modulational instability and cavity collapse. We show that the energy of bulk accelerated electrons can explain the measured value of kr_De for high-frequency sound waves. The energy of ion sound waves is not high enough to have an influence on the Langmuir turbulence dynamics.     

Gulyaev–Bleustein Waves in a Layered Structure of Piezoelectric – Periodic Granular High-Temperature Superconductor Structure

Bragg's interactions of Gulyaev–Bleustein surface waves with a periodic granular high-temperature superconducting medium are studied. Dispersion equations describing the characteristics of surface acoustoelectric waves are derived for piezoelectrics of 4 and 6mm symmetry. Resonance absorption of surface acoustoelectric waves is revealed near the critical temperature. The reflection coefficients for surface acoustoelectric waves in Ba₂Si₂TiO₃ from semi-finite and finite periodic high-temperature superconducting structures are calculated. The results obtained for this model problem can be used for solving similar problems for strong piezoelectrics (e.g., lithium niobate) and for designing tunable frequency selectors and transient bolometric photodetectors.     

The interference of additional waves of forbidden polaritons excited by allowed polaritons in CuGaS2

Additional waves of exciton polaritons are studied in thin (1.5–1.8 μm) CuGaS₂ crystals at 9 K. The reflectivity spectra show a fine structure related to the interference of Fabry–Perot and additional waves which is a consequence of the polariton spatial dispersion. The main parameters of the exciton polaritons were determined from the spectra calculations. The Γ₄ excitons of big oscillator strength are shown to excite the additional polariton waves of the Γ₅ excitons of small oscillator strength, which interfere determining the fine structure in exciton resonance optical spectra.     

High-Frequency Backward Waves in Longitudinally Magnetized Gyrotropic Waveguides

Backward waves in waveguides completely filled with magnetoactive plasma (gaseous or semiconductor plasma) have been investigated numerically. It is shown that two types of backward waves exist in such waveguides: cyclotron backward waves and waveguide HE-modes. While the cyclotron modes are backward waves at arbitrary system parameters (plasma density, magnetic field and waveguide radius), the waveguide backward waves appear only at certain values of there parameters. In addition the cyclotron backward waves can propagate at arbitrary wave-number k_z and at arbitrary phase velocity. The backward waveguide modes exist only at limited values of k_z and of phase velocities.     

Mirrorless parametric oscillation in BaTiO3

We report on the first observation of mirrorless oscillation in BaTiO₃ pumped by two nearly counterpropagating mutually incoherent light waves, both containing an ordinary and an extraordinary component. The oscillation waves appear at a certain angle defined by the phase matching condition for four-wave mixing of orthogonally polarized waves.     

Backward ion‐acoustic waves in plasma with unidirectional ion flow

This paper considers ion‐acoustic waves in a plasma in which the ions move unidirectionally. The dispersion equation is considered and analysed as a two‐dimensional problem. It is shown that the ion‐acoustic waves can be in the form of backward waves (BWs ). The area boundaries in the plane {k _x , k _y } where the BW exists are found.     

Phase-matched light-induced scattering,mirrorless self-oscillation,and generation of nearly retropropagating waves in LiNbO3:Fe in “forbidden” interaction geometry

Two mutually incoherent pump waves impinging symmetrically on a LiNbO₃:Fe crystal from different faces in a plane normal to the C-axis produce chartacteristic patterns of light-induced scattering (lines and rings) and a pair of collimated waves propagating roughly in backward directions with respect to the pump waves. We show that the bright line of scattered light is in fact the mirrorless oscillation due to backward-wave four-wave mixing in the crystal with local (photovoltaic) response, while the retropropagating waves appear only because of high-order diffraction processes.     

A numerical study of the interaction of laser-generated circumferential wave with defect on hollow cylinder

A finite element method is used to investigate the laser-induced circumferential waves on a hollow cylinder with a surface defect. After a control numerical experiment for correctness verification, the method is used to simulate the circumferential waves on hollow cylinder having a defect with different source–defect angles, depths, and widths. The results show that the existence of the defect will generate a bipolar waveform between the S₀ mode and the A₀ mode in the circumferential waves, and its emerging time and amplitude linearly depend on the source–defect angle and the depth of defect, respectively. Moreover, we also find that the width of defect has obvious influence on the circumferential waves.     

Two- and three-dimensional waves in falling film flow in the nonlaminar flow regime: an NMR study

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) velocity-encoded imaging results as well as propagators are presented for the nonlaminar flow regime of falling films. The film is generated by a continuous flow of silicon oil along a vertical poly(methyl methacrylate) plate. While the film remains purely laminar for a film Reynolds number Re_f=0.5, it exhibits laminar-wavy behavior for 1.0≤Re_f≤2.5. In this range, a laminar residual film can be distinguished from averaged waves near the surface of the film from measurements of the flow velocity ν₂ along the direction of gravity as a function of the coordinatex normal to the plate. The perpendicular velocity components, ν _x and ν _y are zero within the accuracy of the measurement, indicating that the wave motion is two-dimensional in the laminar-wavy case. For higher Re_f the waves are found to be three-dimensional, a straightforward division into a residual film and waves in ν _z is lost and the waves extend over the whole thickness of the film.     

复Ginzburg-Landau方程中模螺旋波的稳定性研究

研究了复Ginzburg-Landau方程系统中模螺旋波与其他斑图在同一平面内的竞争行为,发现演化结果在系统参数平面内可分为四个主要区域:在I区和III区中,模螺旋波与相螺旋波相比稳定性较差,模螺旋波的空间被相螺旋波所入侵.在II区中,模螺旋波具有较强的稳定性,相螺旋波的空间被模螺旋波所入侵.在IV区内,由于时空混沌所导致的频率不稳定性,演化的结果较为复杂.我们通过对模螺旋波、相螺旋波以及时空混沌的频率分析,发现当模螺旋波的系统参数为α1=-1.34,β1=0.35时,较高频率的模螺旋波具有较好的稳定性,高频模螺旋波可以入侵低频斑图空间.竞争结果主要受系统变量实部的频率影响,频率分析所得到的理论结果与数值实验结果符合得非常好.     

Studying acoustic-wave fields in langasite-family crystals using the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source

The process of the excitation and propagation of pseudosurface acoustic waves in crystals of the langasite family is studied via X-ray diffractometry for the first time. The investigations are carried out using the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source in the double-crystal X-ray diffractometer scheme. The process of pseudosurface acoustic wave propagation is studied based on an analysis of the diffraction spectra of acoustically modulated crystals. Both the velocities of the pseudosurface acoustic waves and the power flow angles of the acoustic energy are measured for the first time. The pseudosurface acoustic wave is shown to be flowing. Surface and pseudosurface acoustic waves generated by an interdigital transducer in the Z cut of a La₃Ga_5.5Ta_0.5O₁₄ crystal are compared.     

On the effect of the width of the scattering indicatrix on the dispersion of photon density waves in a strongly scattering medium

The dispersion of photon density waves in strongly scattering media with different widths of the scattering indicatrix is studied by the spherical harmonics method using approximations of various orders (up to the P ₇ approximation inclusive). It is shown that, beginning from the P ₃ approximation, the reduction in the velocity of photon density waves that is characteristic of the P ₁ approximation is eliminated and, independently of the width of the scattering indicatrix in the region of modulation frequencies exceeding 10¹⁰ Hz, the velocity of photon density waves asymptotically approaches the speed of light. Our study of the damping of photon density waves has shown that the formula obtained previously for the calculation of the damping coefficient (Imk(μ _s ^′ , ω)) as a function of the transport scattering coefficient and the velocity is valid at Imk ≤ μ_s (μ_s is the light scattering coefficient). The maximum growth in the damping coefficient of photon density waves with a further increase in the frequency is limited by the value of the light scattering coefficient Imk _max ≈ μ_s.     

Development of stochastic webs in a wave-driven linear oscillator

We present developments of stochastic webs in a linear oscillator which is driven by a finite number (N) of external waves with frequency ω₀ (harmonic of the linear oscillator frequency). The expansion of the stochastic domain as functions of the number of waves and their amplitudes is studies numerically. The results with small amplitude waves compares well with the perturbation theory. When the amplitude of external waves is small a leaf structure which expands with N develops radially in the phase space.     

Microwave heating of electrons of a dense plasma column at frequencies higher than electron cyclotron frequency

In the overdense collisionless plasma column inserted through the narrow sides of a rectangular waveguide, the excited electron cyclotron harmonic waves (CHWs) are studied by means of two movable probes and a phase interferometer in the range of parameters of 2 >ω/ω _ce >1; 0·5 < (ω _pe /ω)² < 15. Two kinds of CH waves have been found in the dipole mode:

1. Stable backward CH waves with the phase velocity in the direction from the axis to the periphery.
2. Unstable backward CH waves with the phase velocity in the opposite direction.

From the correlation measurements and amplitude distribution of the CH waves at the applied frequency and its second harmonic frequency it has been found that in the range of 2 >ω/ω _ce > >1·5 efficient nonlinear resonant interaction of CH waves takes place. The position of the loci of resonant interaction inside the plasma column has been found both experimentally and by a simple new graphical procedure for the resonant conditions of the formω ₂=2ω ₁; k₂=2¦k₁¦. In absence of this condition, no effective generation of the second harmonic frequency has been found. The resonant interaction of CHWs atω/ω _ce =1·85 is the cause of self-trapping of CH waves between the zones of resonant interaction in radial direction and of the anomalous heating rate of electrons.