整周期复合材料弹性结构的有限元计算

1．引言周期性复合材料与周期结构的弹性力学问题，由于其材料特征剧烈振荡，且周期很小，问题相当复杂，除了一些特殊的和简单的问题可以用解析法求解外，多数问题很难或不可能用解析法求解，需要采用数值方法计算，有限元法无疑是最有效的方法之一．用细观力学方法研究复合材料的力学问题时，需要涉及纤维的排列情况，纤维和基体的性能，界面的分布情况，以及细观的几何参数和物理参数等．由于复合材料细观构造的不均匀性和不规则性，损伤和缺陷的存在，以及许多难以精确测定的因素，使得复合材料的细观力学问题十分复杂，不作出一些简化…     

残余界面应力对粒子填充热弹性纳米复合材料有效热膨胀系数的影响

根据黄筑平等人提出的基于“3个构形”的表/界面能理论,研究了热弹性纳米复合材料的有效性质,重点讨论了残余界面应力对纳米尺度夹杂填充的热弹性复合材料有效热膨胀系数的影响．首先,给出了由第一类Piola-Kirchhoff界面应力表示的热弹性界面本构关系和Lagrange描述下的Young-Laplace方程;其次,采用Hashin复合球作为代表性体积单元,推导了在参考构形下复合球内部由残余界面应力诱导的残余弹性场,并进一步计算了从参考构形到当前构形的变形场;最后,基于以上计算得到了热弹性复合材料有效体积模量和有效热膨胀系数的解析表达式．研究表明,残余表/界面应力对复合材料的热膨胀系数有重要影响．     

可压缩格子Boltzmann模型的启示性稳定理论

１引言格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ方法（ＬＢＭ）是近几年发展起来的一种模拟复杂系统的新方法［１］［２］［３］这种方法已经在流体力学各领域得到应用．最近,许多研究工作集中于用ＬＢＭ模型计算可压缩流体流动．Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｅｒ和Ｃｈｅｎ等［４］提出了可以计算激波的等温模型,模型中的音速是可以选择的．Ｑｉａｎ和Ｏｒｓｚａｇ［５］分析了ＬＢＧＫ模型在可压缩区域内的非线性偏差,给出了激波结构的ＬＢＭ结果．Ｑｉａｎ和Ｏｒｓｚａｇ［６］也计算了弱可压缩的高Ｒｅ数问题,并用于计算Ｋｏｌ－ｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ流．Ａｎｃｏｎａ［…     

一种颗粒随机分布复合材料弹性位移场均匀化方法的理论分析

针对计算随机颗粒分布复合材料弹性位移/力学场时,采用样本求力学性能期望值需要花费大量时间和内存的问题,给出了一种计算颗粒随机分布复合材料弹性位移场的均匀化方法,并且获得了均匀化位移场与期望位移场之间的一种理论误差.首先由复合材料的特性定义了均匀化理论的随机场和概率空间,然后结合单胞内颗粒随机分布复合材料的特性做了一些合理假设得到了在整个颗粒随机分布复合材料组成区域上的期望位移场与均匀化位移场之间的一种理论估计,最后对此法所具有的优点、适应范围,缺点、以及需要改进的地方做了进一步讨论.     

带空洞损伤的古典压力容器问题

本文根据微弹性结构线性理论研究了带空洞损伤的压力容器问题．解答是准静态的，其应力场为古典弹性力学关于球体对称压力容流问题应力解答，位移场和损伤场具有由于考虑损伤而表现出体积粘弹性特点．     

具有小周期孔洞弹性结构的双尺度渐近分析

本文对具有小周期孔洞的复合材料弹性结构进行研究,得到了位移函数一类可计算的双尺度渐近展开式,并给予严格的理论证明．     

高体积百分比颗粒增强聚合物材料的有效粘弹性性质

聚合物材料通常表现为粘弹性性质．为了改进聚合物材料的力学性能,通常将某种无机材料以颗粒或纤维的形式填充到聚合物中,从而得到增强、增韧的聚合物基复合材料．提出了一个新的细观力学模型,用于预测颗粒增强聚合物复合材料的有效粘弹性性质,尤其针对高体积百分比的颗粒夹杂复合材料,该方法基于Laplace变换和双夹杂相互作用的弹性模型．计算了玻璃微珠/ED-6复合材料的有效松弛模量以及恒应变率下的应力应变关系．计算结果表明在高体积百分比下该文方法比基于Mori Tanaka方法预测的粘弹性效应明显减弱．     

关于二宽度CSL代数的Jacobson根

Ｈｏｐｅｎｗａｓｓｅｒ Ａ［１］猜想ＣＳＬ代数上满足 Ｒｉｎｇｒｏｓｅ条件的算子集正是它的Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根,Ｄａｖｉｄｓｏｎ Ｋ．Ｒ．［２］证明了对于二宽度 ＣＳＬ代数,上述猜想是完全正确的．本文不仅清楚地刻画了二宽度ＣＳＬ代数Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根的结构,而且为研究ＣＳＬ代数的根提供了一种途径．设是由可分Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间上的套Ｍ和Ｎ生成的二宽度 ＣＳＬ,且 Ｗ＝ Ｍ∩Ｎ;本文得到二宽度 ＣＳＬ代数的 Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根与套Ｗ的根Ｒｗ,强根三者之间的一个重要关系同时也给出了真包含Ｒｗ的充分必要条件是Ｍ≠Ｎ且Ｍ≠Ｎ⊥．     

单轴拉伸条件下细观非均匀性岩石损伤局部化和应力应变关系分析

岩石在拉应力状态下的力学特性不同于压应力状态下的力学特性．利用细观力学理论研究了细观非均匀性岩石拉伸应力应变关系包括:线弹性阶段、非线性强化阶段、应力降阶段、应变软化阶段.模型考虑了微裂纹方位角为Weibull分布和微裂纹长度的分布密度函数为Rayleigh函数时对损伤局部化和应力应变关系的影响,分析了产生应力降和应变软化的主要原因是损伤和变形局部化.通过和实验成果对比分析验证了模型的正确性和有效性．     

纯弯曲矩形截面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场及裂纹失稳扩展临界应力

本应用［１］的分析方法，研究了纯弯曲矩形截面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场，给出了裂纹尖端的应力应变分量和计算裂纹端部弹性变形区和变形强化区宽度的公式以及计算裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的方程组。最用计算实例对裂纹失稳扩展临界应力方程组进行了验证，最大误差不超过０．１８％。     

Creep of polymer concrete in the nonlinear region

Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.     

Gaussian Versus Optimal Integration of Analytic Functions

We consider error estimates for optimal and Gaussian quadrature formulas if the integrand is analytic and bounded in a certain complex region. First, a simple technique for the derivation of lower bounds for the optimal error constants is presented. This method is applied to Szeg?-type weight functions and ellipses as regions of analyticity. In this situation, the error constants for the Gaussian formulas are close to the obtained lower bounds, which proves the quality of the Gaussian formulas and also of the lower bounds. In the sequel, different regions of analyticity are investigated. It turns out that almost exclusively for ellipses, the Gaussian formulas are near-optimal. For classes of simply connected regions of analyticity, which are additionally symmetric to the real axis, the asymptotic of the worst ratio between the error constants of the Gaussian formulas and the optimal error constants is calculated. As a by-product, we prove explicit lower bounds for the Christoffel-function for the constant weight function and arguments outside the interval of integration. September 7, 1995. Date revised: October 25, 1996.     

Variation of the structure and permeability of tensioned fiber layers during impregnation with a thermoplastic polymer melt

The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.     

Asymptotics of the distribution of the integral of the positive part of the Brownian bridge for large arguments

The double Laplace transform of the distribution function of the integral of the positive part of the Brownian bridge was determined by M. Perman and J.A. Wellner, as well as the moments of this distribution. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the asymptotics of this distribution for large values of the argument, and the corresponding asymptotics of the moments.     

The nonlinear and scaled growth of the ottoman and Roman empires

In this work, mathematical models for the growth of the Ottoman and Roman Empires are found. The time interval considered for both cases covers the time from the birth of the empire to the end of the fast expansion period. These empires are assumed to be nonlinearly growing and self-multiplying systems. This approach utilizes the concepts of chaos theory, and scaling. The area governed by the empire is taken as the measure of its growth. It was found that the expansion of each empire on lands, seas, and on both (i.e., lands+seas) can be expressed by power laws. In the Ottoman Empire, the nonlinear growth power of total area is approximately equal to the golden ratio, and the nonlinear growth power of the expansion on lands is approximately equal to the square root of 2. In the case of the Romans, some numbers associated with the golden ratio, or the square root of 2, appear as the power of the nonlinear growth term. The appearance of both the golden ratio and the square root of 2 show that both empires had intention on achieving stability during their growth.     

基于偏序集的PROMETHEE方法优化研究

尽管PROMETHEE是当前最受欢迎的多准则决策方法之一,但在实践应用过程中,模型的应用范围与质量依然受制于指标权重问题。一些常用的赋权方法,不仅没有解决不确定权重问题,反而增加了决策风险。在偏序集相关定理的基础上,给出权重的定性信息即权重次序,由流出矩阵、流入矩阵和净流矩阵等定义,得到了PROMETHEE的偏序集表达形式。当流入和流出之和为常数时,证明了模型存在对偶性质。根据对偶性质,简化了PROMETHEE方法的分析步骤,删减模型冗余信息。应用偏序集表示的PROMETHEE,突破了模型没有具体权重便无法应用的思维定势,解决了模型赋权困难,增强了模型的鲁棒性,拓展了模型处理数据类型的范围。     

Analysis of the Stress State of the Surface Layer of a Polymeric Mass upon Filling of Bulky Compression Molds

The stress state of the surface layer of a polymeric mass during filling of bulky compression molds is analyzed. It is shown that, at particular rheological characteristics of the mass, temperature, and filling rates, cracking of the surface layer occurs, which leads to defects in the finished products. A physical analysis of this process makes it possible to conclude that the cracks arise due to the normal stresses operating in the front region of the moving polymeric mass. It is found that, under certain flow conditions, areas with a pressure lower than the atmospheric one appear on the surface of the polymer. If the tensile stresses arising in these local regions are higher than the tensile strength of the mass, the continuity of the composition is broken in the direction determined by the greatest rate of the normal deformation. To confirm the reliability of the crack-formation mechanism proposed, the distribution of the pressure and normal stresses over the free surface is calculated based on a numerical method. These calculations show that, by comparing the stress level achieved in the front region with the tensile-strength characteristics of the polymeric composition, it is possible to predict, with a sufficient accuracy, the possibility of crack formation in the surface layer of such a mass under given flow conditions and thus to solve the question on flawless manufacturing of products.     

Generalized derivatives and nonsmooth optimization, a finite dimensional tour

During the early 1960’s there was a growing realization that a large number of optimization problems which appeared in applications involved minimization of non-differentiable functions. One of the important areas where such problems appeared was optimal control. The subject of nonsmooth analysis arose out of the need to develop a theory to deal with the minimization of nonsmooth functions. The first impetus in this direction came with the publication of Rockafellar’s seminal work titledConvex Analysis which was published by the Princeton University Press in 1970. It would be impossible to overstate the impact of this book on the development of the theory and methods of optimization. It is also important to note that a large part of convex analysis was already developed by Werner Fenchel nearly twenty years earlier and was circulated through his mimeographed lecture notes titledConvex Cones, Sets and Functions, Princeton University, 1951. In this article we trace the dramatic development of nonsmooth analysis and its applications to optimization in finite dimensions. Beginning with the fundamentals of convex optimization we quickly move over to the path breaking work of Clarke which extends the domain of nonsmooth analysis from convex to locally Lipschitz functions. Clarke was the second doctoral student of R.T. Rockafellar. We discuss the notions of Clarke directional derivative and the Clarke generalized gradient and also the relevant calculus rules and applications to optimization. While discussing locally Lipschitz optimization we also try to blend in the computational aspects of the theory wherever possible. This is followed by a discussion of the geometry of sets with nonsmooth boundaries. The approach to develop the notion of the normal cone to an arbitrary set is sequential in nature. This approach does not rely on the standard techniques of convex analysis. The move away from convexity was pioneered by Mordukhovich and later culminated in the monographVariational Analysis by Rockafellar and Wets. The approach of Mordukhovich relied on a nonconvex separation principle called theextremal principle while that of Rockafellar and Wets relied on various convergence notions developed to suit the needs of optimization. We then move on to a parallel development in nonsmooth optimization due to Demyanov and Rubinov called Quasidifferentiable optimization. They study the class of directionally differentiable functions whose directional derivatives can be represented as a difference of two sublinear functions. On other hand the directional derivative of a convex function and also the Clarke directional derivatives are sublinear functions of the directions. Thus it was thought that the most useful generalizations of directional derivatives must be a sublinear function of the directions. Thus Demyanov and Rubinov made a major conceptual change in nonsmooth optimization. In this section we define the notion of a quasidifferential which is a pair of convex compact sets. We study some calculus rules and their applications to optimality conditions. We also study the interesting notion of Demyanov difference between two sets and their applications to optimization. In the last section of this paper we study some second-order tools used in nonsmooth analysis and try to see their relevance in optimization. In fact it is important to note that unlike the classical case, the second-order theory of nonsmoothness is quite complicated in the sense that there are many approaches to it. However we have chosen to describe those approaches which can be developed from the first order nonsmooth tools discussed here. We shall present three different approaches, highlight the second order calculus rules and their applications to optimization.     

Mario Pieri’s address at the University of Catania

The contributions made by the Italian mathematician Mario Pieri (1860-1913) are well known in the field of geometry. Pieri was a member of the School of Peano at the University of Turin. There he became engaged both by the problems of logic and by the philosophical aspects of Peano’s epistemology. This article was motivated by Pieri’s address given at the University of Catania, at the inauguration of the 1906-1907 academic year. My aim is to identify Pieri’s philosophical premises as found in his works and to present them in the general framework of the historical development of the Peano School.     

Formulations and valid inequalities for the node capacitated graph partitioning problem

We investigate the problem of partitioning the nodes of a graph under capacity restriction on the sum of the node weights in each subset of the partition. The objective is to minimize the sum of the costs of the edges between the subsets of the partition. This problem has a variety of applications, for instance in the design of electronic circuits and devices. We present alternative integer programming formulations for this problem and discuss the links between these formulations. Having chosen to work in the space of edges of the multicut, we investigate the convex hull of incidence vectors of feasible multicuts. In particular, several classes of inequalities are introduced, and their strength and robustness are analyzed as various problem parameters change.