Heterocyclic analogs of xanthiones: 5,6‐fused 3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H) thiones—synthesis and NMR (1H, 13C, 15N) data

Various [5,6]pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐thiones were synthesized in high yields by treatment of the corresponding [5,6]pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones with Lawesson's reagent. Detailed NMR spectroscopic studies were undertaken of the title compounds. Complete and unambiguous assignment of chemical shifts (¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N) and coupling constants (¹H,¹H; ¹³C,¹H) was achieved by the combined application of various one‐ and two‐dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Unequivocal mapping of most ¹³C,¹H spin coupling constants is accomplished by 2D (δ, J) long‐range INEPT spectra with selective excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Coupling Reactions of (Z)‐Enamines with Isocyanides through Selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C Bond Cleavage

Herein, two efficient palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative coupling reactions of (Z)‐enamines with isocyanides via selective β‐C(sp²)‐H and/or C=C bond cleavage have been developed, leading to controllable chemodivergent and stereoselective construction of a wide range of (E)‐β‐carbamoylenamine derivatives containing strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, possible reaction pathways for these transformations are proposed on the basis of preliminary mechanism studies.     

Polystyrene‐supported Pd(II) complex‐catalysed carboacylation of 2‐arylpyridines with alcohols via C─H bond activation under solvent‐free conditions

Polystyrene‐supported N ,N ‐dimethylethylenediamine Pd(II) complex C was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of aromatic ketones via ortho ‐acylation of sp² C─H bonds of 2‐arylpyridines with alcohols as effective coupling partners. The alcohols were oxidized with tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide to their corresponding aldehydes in situ and efficiently coupled with 2‐arylpyridines to form aryl ketones under solvent‐free conditions. Furthermore, catalyst C could be easily recovered by simple filtration and reused for five cycles without any significant decrease in its activity.     

Structural studies on aryl‐substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues. Part I. Analysis of high‐resolution 1H, 13C NMR and 13C CP MAS spectra combined with GIAO‐DFT calculations

A series of aryl‐substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues in CDCl₃ solution and in the solid state were studied by the use of high‐resolution ¹H and ¹³C as well as ¹³C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectra in combination with gauge including atomic orbitals‐density functional theory (GIAO‐DFT) calculations performed at the B3PW91/6–311 + + G(d,p) level of theory using the B3PW91/6‐311 + + G(d,p)‐optimized geometries. The analysis of the ¹³C NMR spectra in solution was done by using the Incredible Natural Abundance DoublE QUAntum Transfer Experiment (INADEQUATE) technique, whereas trends observed in the ¹³C shielding constants, calculated for the compounds studied, were a great help in assigning most of the signals in the ¹³C CP MAS NMR spectra. It was established on the basis of the experimental and theoretical NMR data that both groups of compounds exist in the form of Z‐s‐Z‐s‐E isomers in CDCl₃ solution as well as in the solid state, with the NH hydrogen atom involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This conclusion is in agreement with the fact that some of the compounds studied reveal liquid‐crystalline properties. Three‐bond H, H and C, H coupling constants measured in solution played a crucial role in the structure elucidation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of spontaneous E/Z isomerization of bis[(Z)‐cyanomethylidene]‐diazapentacyclodienedicarboxylates by 1H, 13C,and 15N NMR spectroscopy,X‐ray,and quantum chemical calculation data

X‐ray data show that the diethyl 6,13‐bis[(Z)‐cyanomethylidene]‐5,5,14,14‐tetramethyl‐4,15‐dioxa‐7,12‐diazapentacyclo[9.5.2.0^2,10.0^3,7.0^12,16]octadeca‐8,17‐diene‐10,17‐dicarboxylate is formed as the ZZ isomer and diastereomer with the (1R*,2R*,3R*,10S*,11R*,12R*,16R*) configuration. The ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N NMR data exhibit that on standing in chloroform‐d solution, there is a spontaneous isomerization of this compound resulting in a thermodynamically stable mixture of the ZZ, ZE, EE, and EZ isomers with the same backbone. Using the 2D [¹H–¹H] COSY, [¹H–¹³C] HSQC, and [¹H–¹³C, ¹H–¹⁵N] HMBC NMR techniques and quantum chemical calculations makes it possible a complete assignment of signals in the ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N NMR spectra of each of the isomers. Such isomerization does not occur for similar compounds with the more bulky substituents at the 1,3‐oxazolidine rings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (B)‐poly(L‐lactide) (A) ABA block copolymers

ABA triblock copolymers of L ‐lactide (LL) and ε‐caprolactone (CL), designated as PLL‐P(LL‐co‐CL)‐PLL, were synthesized via a two‐step ring‐opening polymerization in bulk using diethylene glycol and stannous octoate as the initiating system. In the first‐step reaction, an approximately 50:50 mol% P(LL‐co‐CL) random copolymer (prepolymer) was prepared as the middle (B) block. This was then chain extended in the second‐step reaction by terminal block polymerization with more L ‐lactide. The percentage yields of the triblock copolymers were in excess of 95%. The prepolymers and triblock copolymers were characterized using a combination of dilute‐solution viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the molecular weight of the prepolymer was controlled primarily by the diethylene glycol concentration. All of the triblock copolymers had molecular weights higher than their respective prepolymers. ¹³C‐NMR analysis confirmed that the prepolymers contained at least some random character and that the triblock copolymers consisted of additional terminal PLL end (A) blocks. From their DSC curves, the triblock copolymers were seen to be semi‐crystalline in morphology. Their glass transition, solid‐state crystallization, and melting temperature ranges, together with their heats of melting, all increased as the PLL end (A) block length increased. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Structure of [Tp*Rh{P(C7H7)3}] – Competition between the Ligands Tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) and Tris(1‐cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienyl)phosphane. Proof of the κ2(N,B–H) Coordination Mode of the Tp* Ligand

Stepwise introduction of the potential tripod ligands tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) and tris(1‐cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienyl)phosphane into the coordination sphere of rhodium(I) leads mainly to [Tp*Rh{P(C₇H₇)₃}] ( 4 ), in which Tp* is linked to the rhodium through a single pyrazolyl group and a non‐linear B–H–Rh bridge. This is the novel, now firmly established coordination mode κ²(N,B–H). The phosphane ligand is coordinated through one Rh–P and two Rh‐olefin bonds. Important structural features determined for the crystalline state of 4 are retained in solution, as shown by the ¹H, ¹¹B, ¹³C, ³¹P and ¹⁰³Rh NMR spectra.     

Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines from Isocyanides,Aniline, and Acetylene Dicarboxylate via Cu‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C─H Activation Reactions

The one‐pot synthesis of a novel class of substituted quinoline derivatives with good yields is achieved via the Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular C─H activation reaction between isocyanides, aniline, and acetylene dicarboxylate in MeCN at room temperature. The existence of one‐pot conditions, availability of a starting material‐catalyst, the absence of column chromatography, and a high yield of products are among the advantages of this method. The structures are confirmed spectroscopically (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, IR, and EI‐MS) and through elemental analyses.     

Discrimination of pseudo‐meta and pseudo‐para diamino‐octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes by 1H, 19F,and 13C NMR

Pseudo‐meta and pseudo‐para diamino‐octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes are challenging to separate either by chromatography or recrystallization, but through the use of a mixture of the two isomers, the ¹H, ¹⁹F, and ¹³C NMR spectra of these compounds have been fully and unambiguously assigned using ¹H COSY, ¹H‐¹⁹F HOESY, ¹H‐¹³C HSQC, ¹H‐¹³C HMBC, and ¹⁹F‐¹³C HSQC techniques. This permits the easy identification of either of the individual isomers. In addition, the ¹³C spectrum of the pseudo‐ortho analogue is reported and assigned for the first time. The gem shift effect in this series of bridge‐fluorinated paracyclophanes serves to deshield ¹H resonances and shield ¹³C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1H and 13C NMR data of methyl tetra‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐pyranosides in acetone‐d6

Complete assignments of ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR resonances of five methyl tetra‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐pyranosides based on ¹H, ¹³C, 2D DQF–COSY, HMQC, HMBC and HSQC–TOCSY experiments have been performed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1H{15N} GHMQC study of 5,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and 1H, 13C and 15N NMR coordination shifts in Au(III) chloride complexes of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines

The ¹H{¹⁵N} NMR spectrum of 5,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]‐pyrimidine ( 3 ) was measured by GHMQC, unambiguously assigned and compared with the spectra of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ( 1 ) and 5,7‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ( 2 ). A series of Au(III) chloride complexes of general formula AuLCl₃, where L = 1 , 2 , 3 , was synthesized and studied by ¹HH{¹⁵N} GHMQC and ¹H{¹³C} GHMBC. Low‐frequency shifts of 72–74 ppm (¹⁵N) and 5–6 ppm (¹³C) were observed upon complexation by Au(III) ions for the coordination site N‐3 and adjacent C‐2, C‐3a atoms, respectively. The ¹³C signals of C‐5, C‐6, C‐7 and the ¹H resonances of H‐2, H‐6 were shifted to higher frequency. Comparison with analogous Pd(II), Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes revealed that in the case of Au(III) coordination the ¹⁵N shifts were relatively smaller, whereas those for ¹³C and ¹H were larger. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro[1,3,4‐benzotriazepine‐2,3′‐indole]‐2′,5(1H,1′H)‐diones under Mild Conditions

The I₂‐catalyzed preparation of spiro[1,3,4‐benzotriazepine‐2,3′‐indole]‐2′,5(1H,1′H)‐diones from 2‐aminobenzohydrazide and isatins in MeCN at room temperature in good‐to‐excellent yields is described. The structure of 3 was corroborated spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS data). A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).     

A facile and efficient synthesis of 3‐cyanoindoles by a simple palladium(II)‐catalyzed C─H activation of indoles

An efficient trans ‐PdCl₂(NH₂CH₂COOH)₂‐catalyzed direct C3‐cyanation of indole C─H bonds is described. Notably, free (N─H)‐indoles reacted smoothly using the procedure, and the desired product 3‐cyanoindoles were obtained in good to excellent yields.     

Water Soluble Gold(I)‐diacetyl‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane‐arylazoimidazole Complexes: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study

Reaction of [Au(DAPTA)(Cl)] with RaaiR’ in CH2Cl2 medium following ligand addition leads to [Au(DAPTA)(RaaiR’)](Cl) [DAPTA＝diacetyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, RaaiR’＝p-R-C6H4-N＝N- C3H2-NN-1-R’, (1—3), abbreviated as N,N’-chelator, where N(imidazole) and N(azo) represent N and N’, respectively; R＝H (a), Me (b), Cl (c) and R’＝Me (1), CH2CH3 (2), CH2Ph (3)]. The 1H NMR spectral measurements in D2O suggest methylene, CH2, in RaaiEt gives a complex AB type multiplet while in RaaiCH2Ph it shows AB type quartets. 13C NMR spectrum in D2O suggest the molecular skeleton. The 1H-1H COSY spectrum in D2O as well as contour peaks in the 1H-13C HMQC spectrum in D2O assign the solution structure.     

One‐ and two‐dimensional NMR characterization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate copolymers

N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate (V/M) copolymers were prepared by free‐radical bulk polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The copolymer composition of these copolymers was calculated from ¹H NMR spectra. The radical reactivity ratios for N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (V) and methyl acrylate (M) were r_V = 0.09, r_M = 0.44. These reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of V and M were determined using the Kelen–Tudos and nonlinear least‐squares error‐in‐variable methods. The ¹³C{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectra of these copolymers overlapped and were complex. The complete spectral assignment of the ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectra were done with distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and two dimensional ¹³C‐¹H heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopic experiments. The two‐dimensional ¹H‐¹H homonuclear total correlation spectroscopic NMR spectrum showed the various bond interactions, thus inferring the possible structure of the copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2225–2236, 2002     

One‐ and two‐dimensional NMR characterization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate copolymers

N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/methyl acrylate (V/M) copolymers were prepared by free‐radical bulk polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The copolymer composition of these copolymers was calculated from ¹H NMR spectra. The radical reactivity ratios for N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (V) and methyl acrylate (M) were r_V = 0.09, r_M = 0.44. These reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of V and M were determined using the Kelen–Tudos and nonlinear least‐squares error‐in‐variable methods. The ¹³C{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectra of these copolymers overlapped and were complex. The complete spectral assignment of the ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectra were done with distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and two dimensional ¹³C‐¹H heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopic experiments. The two‐dimensional ¹H‐¹H homonuclear total correlation spectroscopic NMR spectrum showed the various bond interactions, thus inferring the possible structure of the copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2225–2236, 2002     

Synthesis of 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene‐based benzoxazine and properties of its high‐performance thermoset

A benzoxazine ( P‐bapf ) based on 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene (BAPF), phenol, and formaldehyde was successfully prepared using two‐pot and one‐pot procedures. In the two‐pot approach, BAPF initially reacted with 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, leading to 9,9‐bis(4‐(2‐hydroxybenzylideneimino)phenyl)fluorene. The imine linkages of 9,9‐bis(4‐(2‐hydroxybenzylideneimino)phenyl)fluorene were then reduced by sodium borohydride, forming 9,9‐bis(4‐(2‐hydroxybenzylamino)phenyl)fluorene. Finally, paraformaldehyde was added to induce ring closure condensation, forming benzoxazine ( P‐bapf ). In the one‐pot approach, P‐bapf was obtained directly by reacting BAPF, phenol, and paraformaldehyde in various solvents. Among the solvents, we found that using toluene/ethanol (2/1, v/v) as a solvent leads to the best purity and yield. No gelation was observed in the preparation. The structure of the resulting benzoxazine was confirmed by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹H? ¹H and ¹H? ¹³C NMR spectra. P‐bapf exhibits a photoluminescent emission at 395 nm under an excitation of 275 nm. After curing, the resulting P‐bapf thermoset exhibits T_g as high as 236 °C, and the T_g can be further increased to 260 °C by copolymerization with an equal equivalent of cresol novolac epoxy. The 5% degradation temperature of the P‐bapf thermoset reaches as high as 413 °C (N₂) and 431 °C (air). The refractive index at 589 nm is as high as 1.70, demonstrating a high refractive index characteristic of fluorene linkage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐(Alkylamino)‐1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐3‐benzoyl‐1,5‐ dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones via a Multicomponent Reaction

An effective route to novel 4‐(alkylamino)‐1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐3‐benzoyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones 10 is described (Scheme 2). This involves the reaction of an enamine, derived from the addition of a primary amine 5 to 1,4‐diphenylbut‐2‐yne‐1,4‐dione, with an arenesulfonyl isocyanate 7 . Some of these pyrrolones 10 exhibit a dynamic NMR behavior in solution because of restricted rotation around the C? N bond resulting from conjugation of the side‐chain N‐atom with the adjacent α,β‐unsaturated ketone group, and two rotamers are in equilibrium with each other in solution ( 10 ? 11 ; Scheme 3). The structures of the highly functionalized compounds 10 were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS), by elemental analyses, and, in the case of 10a , by X‐ray crystallography. A plausible mechanism for the reaction is proposed (Scheme 4).     

Syntheses and Spectroscopic Study of Some New N‐4‐Fluorobenzoyl Phosphoric Triamides; Crystal Structures of 4‐F‐C6H4C(O)N(H)P(O)R2, R = NH‐C(CH3)3, NH‐CH2C6H5, N(CH3)(CH2C6H5)

Some new N‐4‐Fluorobenzoyl phosphoric triamides with formula 4‐F‐C₆H₄C(O)N(H)P(O)X₂, X = NH‐C(CH₃)₃ ( 1 ), NH‐CH₂‐CH=CH₂ ( 2 ), NH‐CH₂C₆H₅ ( 3 ), N(CH₃)(C₆H₅) ( 4 ), NH‐CH(CH₃)(C₆H₅) ( 5 ) were synthesized and characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 1 , 3 and 4 were investigated by X‐ray crystallography. The P=O and C=O bonds in these compounds are anti. Compounds 1 and 3 form one dimensional polymeric chain produced by intra‐ and intermolecular ‐P=O···H‐N‐ hydrogen bonds. Compound 4 forms only a centrosymmetric dimer in the crystalline lattice via two equal ‐P=O···H‐N‐ hydrogen bonds. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra show two series of signals for the two amine groups in compound 1 . This is also observed for the two α‐methylbenzylamine groups in 5 due to the presence of chiral carbon atom in molecule. ¹³C NMR spectrum of compound 4 shows that ²J(P,C_aliphatic) coupling constant for CH₂ group is greater than for CH₃ in agreement with our previous study. Mass spectra of compounds 1 ‐ 3 (containing 4‐F‐C₆H₄C(O)N(H)P(O) moiety) indicate the fragments of amidophosphoric acid and 4‐F‐C₆H₄CN⁺ that formed in a pseudo McLafferty rearrangement pathway. Also, the fragments of aliphatic amines have high intensity in mass spectra.     

Synthesis of poly(D,L‐lactic acid‐alt‐glycolic acid) from D,L‐3‐methylglycolide

D ,L ‐3‐Methylglycolide (MG) was synthesized via two step reactions with a good yield (42%). It was successfully polymerized in bulk with stannous octoate as a catalyst at 110 °C. The effects of the polymerization time and catalyst concentration on the molecular weight and monomer conversion were studied. Poly(D ,L ‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) (D ,L ‐PLGA50; 50/50 mol/mol) copolymers were successfully synthesized from the homopolymerization of MG with high polymerization rates and high monomer conversions under moderate polymerization conditions. ¹H NMR spectroscopy indicated that the bulk ring‐opening polymerization of MG conformed to the coordination–insertion mechanism. ¹³C NMR spectra of D ,L ‐PLGA50 copolymers obtained under different experimental conditions revealed that the copolymers had alternating structures of lactyl and glycolyl. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4179–4184, 2000